著者

PEGGY MASON

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.71-78, 2015 (Released:2015-12-18)

参考文献数

28

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The basis of affectively motivated helping of another in distress has long been debated by scholars in diverse disciplines. Work in rodents that took place more than 50 years ago suggested that rodents participate in affective communication. Now the author's laboratory has established an ethical and feasible test for rodent helping behavior that involves one rat freeing another from a plastic tube. The helping exhibited is consistent, reinforced, socially selective, and independent of immediate social contact. A recent modified version of the helping behavior test confirms that rats help a conspecific in need. In sum, the complex social behavior, expressed by rodents and primates including humans, validates the notion that mammals share a phylogenetic inheritance that promotes other-oriented affective behavior.

著者

上野 将敬

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.91-107, 2016 (Released:2017-01-26)

参考文献数

118

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Many researchers have investigated why and how animals benefit from each other in a group. Grooming is considered as prosocial behavior in animal societies; the groomer expends time and energy costs, while the groomee receives hygienic and physiological benefits. Based on the reciprocal altruism hypothesis (Trivers, 1971), many researchers have investigated grooming behaviors in primate species. In primates, individuals exchange grooming for grooming or other social benefits (e.g., tolerance for food, agonistic support, or infant handling). Researchers have also established and modified models of grooming reciprocity. In future researches, it would be valuable to investigate the effects of affiliative elationships, soliciting behaviors, self-rewarding, inequity aversion, and partner choice and partner switching on prosocial behaviors.

著者

RALPH ADOLPHS

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.11-22, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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The science of emotion is in a crisis: despite an enormous literature studying emotion from the perspectives of psychology and neuroscience, there is little agreement on any theory of emotion. The most acute problem is that our commonsense concept of "emotion" essentially involves conscious experience, whereas the scientific concept should not. I suggest that this state of affairs is, however, no different than in any other domain of cognitive psychology or cognitive neuroscience. Numerous examples show the need for a scientific concept of emotion. Both psychological and neurological data require such a concept in order to make sense of the data. I argue that (a) we cannot dispense with a scientific concept of "emotion"; and (b) such a concept needs to be grounded in broad data across a range of species; and (c) we need to begin formulating specific criteria for its application. In this paper I begin by outlining what the problem is, give some examples from my own research, and conclude with a framework for thinking about emotions that gives them scientific purchase.

著者

菊水 健史

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.101-110, 2012 (Released:2012-07-27)

参考文献数

36

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Dogs have been domesticated by humans for more than 15,000 years. Now, dogs are the most closely related animals to humans in the world. Behind this evolutional process, the rare ability of dog's social cognition and to read human emotions and situations have been pointed out. The superior cognitive ability of dogs have achieved a unique niche in the human society, also nowadays its cognitive and learning ability has become a valuable research topic in the research field of animal psychology. Recent studies of human and dog suggest that these two species have been developed in the convergent evolution, on the process of domestication. So our best friend “dog” is not just domesticated animals, a “companion” who live together within human society as a unique species. This paper introduces some specific social skills of dogs and its biological properties, which have been revealed by molecular biological and cognitive science approaches in recent years.

著者

川合 隆嗣

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.83-93, 2011 (Released:2011-07-15)

参考文献数

44

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Turn alternation is the tendency of an organism during a single trial to turn in the opposite direction to a previous forced turn. It has been shown that this phenomenon depends on feedback from proprioceptive cues derived from prior response. Turn alternation has been studied mainly in invertebrates. An early explanation of invertebrate turn alternation was based on Hull's concept of reactive inhibition (Hull, 1943). However, more recent studies focus on the bilaterally asymmetrical leg movements (BALM) hypothesis which emphasizes activity differences between the right and left legs (Hughes, 1985). Additionally, many studies have shown variables that can modify turn alternation. The most commonly investigated are pre- and post- forced turn distances, the number of forced turns, and the angle of a forced turn. Although there are many studies which have investigated these variables, some of the results are conflicting because these studies tested different species with varying experimental designs. Further studies which control the experimental designs are needed to gain a further understanding of the nature of turn alternation.

著者

山下 純司

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.97-104, 2010 (Released:2010-12-22)

著者

入江 尚子

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1003180059, (Released:2010-04-02)

参考文献数

36

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Cognitive abilities of elephants had not been studied so much until recently despite many anecdotal evidence of their enormous potentialities. But today, more and more researchers are becoming interested in studying their cognition, especially their general intelligence, memory, and numerical cognition. Genetically elephants are more closely related to the small-brained aardvarks and manatees than to primates, but a few evidence indicate that their cognitive ability is comparable to that of apes. We aim to introduce series of recent work on elephants and some suggestions for future studies. Especially, we would like to point out the importance of studying their cognition from the point of view of field of human language evolution and animal welfare in captivity.

著者

実森 正子

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.7-18, 2013 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

46

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The field of animal learning and behavior has a long history and continues to contribute in important ways to the understanding of cognitive processes in different animal species as compared to human beings. Animals have considerable flexibility to optimize their behaviors in solving particular problems as well as coping with ever-changing circumstances. Research on learning mechanisms from a comparative perspective may deepen our understanding of functional significance of cognitive behaviors of both human and nonhuman species. Examples are taken from studies of list memory, categorization, formation and expansion of equivalence relations among physically different stimuli, and visual search for category.

著者

辻 敬一郎 井口 善生

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.67.2.1, (Released:2017-08-02)

参考文献数

10

著者

高砂 美樹

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.19-38, 2010 (Released:2010-06-25)

参考文献数

104

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After evaluating the history of comparative or animal psychology in Japan, a development over the past 150 years, four distinct generations of comparative psychologists can be discerned in terms of their active involvement in the field. The zero generation, spanning the second half of the 19th century, was marked by the import of Darwinian evolutionary theory, which was implemented especially through lectures by Edward S. Morse. The first generation appeared in the early 20th century, with Koreshige Masuda heralded as the foremost comparative psychologist during this time. The 1.5-generation researchers were influenced by Gestalt psychology, which had been developed in Europe. The second generation emerged after World War II with the arrival of neobehavioristic psychology. Originated in the U. S., it was studied by comparative psychologists such as C. L. Hull and B. F. Skinner, who considerably influenced Japan's post-war generation. The third generation of comparative psychologists in Japan took root in the 1980s and was characterized by studies of cognitive process. Due to space limitations, the zero and first generations are solely detailed here.

著者

佐藤 義明 友永 雅己

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.139-146, 2010 (Released:2010-12-22)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1 5

著者

昌子 浩孝 加藤 克紀

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, 2002-12-25

著者

瀧本 彩加 黒島 妃香 藤田 和生

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, 2007-12-25

著者

牛谷 智一 後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.103-109, 2008

著者

後藤 和宏 牛谷 智一

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.77-85, 2008

著者

大森 理絵 長谷川 寿一

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.3-14, 2009 (Released:2009-07-28)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1 1

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Based on results of molecular phylogenetic analyses and archaeological evidences, most researchers believe that the dog is descended from the wolf and that east Asia was the central place for the early events of domestication around 15,000-20,000BP. Many different theories of domestication have been proposed in respect of the evolutionary mechanism, and each theory can explain a particular aspect of the process which has different evolutionary backgrounds by its stage and phase. The dog is established in modern society as a companion animal. It has physiological and psychological benefits to human, which include facilitating therapy, reducing stress, and socialization. In addition to that, the dog has positive effects on child development and elderly people.

著者

乾 敏郎

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1005130062, (Released:2010-05-24)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

3

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In this paper, we propose three hypotheses about language understanding. One of the fundamental and important components of language processing is assignment of a thematic role to each word in a sentence, based on word order and particles or prepositions. Therefore, we first discuss the brain mechanism of thematic role assignment, followed by a discussion of the brain mechanism for outlining the meaning of a sentence. We then evaluate the function of the mirror neuron system in language understanding. Finally, we discuss the brain mechanisms of mental perspective shift and hierarchical processing in language comprehension.

著者

村山 美穂

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.91-99, 2012 (Released:2012-07-27)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1

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Various studies have shown the associations between individual differences in human behavioral traits and genetic polymorphism of neurotransmitter-related proteins such as receptor, transporter and monoamine oxidase. To insight the genetic background of animal behavior, corresponding regions in animals have been analyzed. Especially the study has been promoted in dogs as the socially closest animal to humans. In dogs allele distributions of several genes were different among breeds showing different behavioral traits, and genes associating individual difference in aggressiveness and aptitude of working dogs were surveyed. The survey of behavior-related genes is also carried out in other mammals such as primates, horses and cetaceans and also in birds. The marker genes for behavior will provide useful information for better relationship with companion dogs and effective selection of working dogs.

著者

片平 健太郎

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.66.2.4, (Released:2016-12-05)

参考文献数

43

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Mathematical or computational models have played important roles in investigating animal behaviors and underlying processes. A traditional approach in psychology to evaluate such models is "qualitative" one, which examines whether the model can explain observed phenomena or not. In contrast, "quantitative" approaches, which evaluate how well the model can account for the observed data compared to alternative models, have been proved useful especially in neuroscience. This article reviews the quantitative approaches to model evaluation. The advantages and limitations of the quantitative approaches are discussed. The author suggest that the quantitative and qualitative approaches are complimentary and jointly provide a powerful framework for investigating psychological processes underlying animal learning and behaviors.

著者

澤 幸祐 後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.47-49, 2014 (Released:2014-12-22)

参考文献数

14