著者

杉山 昌広 杉山 大志

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.4, pp.155-165, 2010-10-31 (Released:2011-01-05)

参考文献数

104

被引用文献数

1

---

We review climate geoengineering, which is receiving increasing attention due to the slow progress of global climate policy and recognition of potential catastrophic effects of climate change. Climate engineering schemes are intended to modify part of the global climate system to countervail the effect of global climate change. There are two main categories of climate engineering options: carbon dioxide removal (CDR) such as ocean iron fertilization and CO2 air capture; and solar radiation management (SRM) including stratospheric aerosol injection. SRM options are generally affordable, and timely in their effect, but come with side effects. CDR techniques tend to be costly and slow, but address ocean acidification as well as climate change. Terminating an SRM scheme would cause a rapid rise in global-mean temperature, whereas CDR does not pose such a problem. Both options entail significant uncertainties, which should be resolved through further research. Discussions on governance of climate engineering have already begun at various forums, mainly led by the United Kingdom and the United States.

著者

橋本 博文

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, pp.111-116, 2013-10-31 (Released:2013-11-09)

参考文献数

2

---

In order to investigate the cooling effect by plants on the thermal environment, the temperature of the system with plants was measured and compared to the temperature of the control system without plants for twelve species of plants, Asparagus, Basil, Begonia, Chingensai, Fuyushirazu, Geranium, Habotan, Marigold, Minitomato, Oxycardium, Pansy, and Pothos. In many species of plants, as the temperature of the environment was high, the temperature of the system with plants was lower than that without a plant. The more the surrounding temperature was high, the more the bigger difference arose between these two temperatures. From the difference between the two temperatures, plant thermal effect (PTE) diagram was described, and the method of PTE analysis was proposed. The cooling effect by plants and the function of temperature controlled by plants were defined. The cooling effects by Chingensai, Fuyushirazu, Marigold, Habotan, Minitomato, Begonia, Oxycardium, Pansy, and Basil were stronger in the order. The functions of temperature controlled by Oxycardium, Chingensai, Minitomato, Marigold, Fuyushirazu, Begonia, Habotan, and Pansy were stronger in the order. In the case of Asparagus, Geranium, and Pothos, both of the cooling effect and the function were not strong. From the characteristics of the cooling effects and the functions, those plants were classified into three types.

著者

大政 謙次

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.51-61, 2014-04-30 (Released:2014-05-26)

参考文献数

42

著者

西野 康人 佐藤 智希 谷口 旭

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.3-9, 2014-01-31 (Released:2014-02-06)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3

---

Lagoon Notoro-ko is connected to the Okhotsk Sea by an artificial channel and the water mass of this lagoon is exchanged by a tidal movement and little river flows. Therefore, this lagoon is assumed a saltwater lagoon and a seasonal change of environmental conditions on this lagoon has been reflected one of the coastal waters on Okhotsk Sea. In order to investigate a property of the lower trophic levels in the Lagoon Notoro-ko, we monitored salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations in the water column vertically during April to December from 2007 to 2009 (non-iced season). Stratification of the water column was found to occur during June to August and oxygen-deficient water mass was generated in bottom water. Concentration of silicate, phosphate and ammonium were higher in the bottom water. The fundamental importance of these nutrients is that the rate at which they are supplied may determine the rate of primary production. Oxygen-deficient water mass is generally recognized to produce negative effects on fisheries, however, the results of this research showed that it may work to supply nutrients to primary production in Lagoon Notoro-ko.

著者

鈴木 麻奈三 本田 剛

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.47-53, 2005 (Released:2006-11-28)

参考文献数

32

---

Low frequency noise has been recognized as an environmental noise problem. It has been reported that low frequency noise would adversely affect human mental performance and interfere with the normal immune response to infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency that served as a stressor to Shiba goats and the response to sound in different species. Shiba goats and Donryu rats were used for the experiment. Sound waves from 50 to 4000 Hz were generated for 1 minute at increments of 10 Hz at 50, 70, and 90 dB, respectively. Also, sound waves from 4000 to 50 Hz were generated at decrements of 10 Hz at 50, 70, and 90 dB, respectively. While animals were exposed to these sounds, we observed their responses and counted the number of such reactions. The concentration of cortisol in saliva, heart rate and brain oxyecoia saturation of the goats were measured. In the goats, marked stress behavior was observed in the frequency band of 100-500 Hz. The presence of stress was supported by the results of measurement of cortisol concentration, heart rate and brain oxyecoia saturation. On the other hand, in the rats, no frequency band was identified that produced a remarkable response. The frequency band of 100-500 Hz seems to serve as a stressor to the goats.

著者

多胡 靖宏

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.103-106, 2018-10-31 (Released:2018-10-31)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

---

In Rokkasho-village, Aomori-prefecture, Japan, where a spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant situated as a core part of nuclear fuel cycle has been developed, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), mainly conducting researches on impact of the plant on the environment and the public, has been established since 1990. IES developed unique experimental facilities named “Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities (CEEF)” from 1994 to 1999. This article outlined the CEEF and habitation experiments conducted using the facilities from 2005 to 2007, and problems that occurred during the course of the experiments. CEEF was renamed “Ecology Experiment Facilities (EEF)” in 2016. At present, a part of the EEF, “Plant Experiment Facility (PEF)” is used for obtaining experimental data necessary to modelling transfer of a radiocarbon, 14C discharged from the reprocessing plant to crops. The PEF is used for exposure of experimental plants to 13CO2 in place of 14CO2 and growing the plants under controlled environment.

著者

大橋 光男 田中 賢明 大井 美知男

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.123-129, 2011-10-31 (Released:2011-12-15)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1

---

The objective of our study is to clarify the optimum irradiation conditions for the efficient cultivation of Euglena, in order to increase the yields. First, we measured the blinking light response curve of photosynthesis and investigated the effect of the blinking cycle on the photosynthesis, using red light emitting diodes (LEDs). Second, we determined the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) value at which the photosynthetic efficiency was maximum. Here, we measured the difference in the photosynthetic rate of Euglena using red LEDs under blinking and continuous light conditions. In cases where the blinking cycle was 1.0 x 10-3 s, there was no difference in the photosynthetic rate of Euglena between the two conditions. On the other hand, at a PPFD value of 35 μmol·m-2·s-1, the photosynthetic efficiency was the highest. In cases where the PPFD value ranged from 0 to 200 μmol·m-2·s-1, the photosynthetic rate increased rapidly. Then, it increased slightly and reached a saturation point at a PPFD value of 400 μmol·m-2·s-1.

著者

谷 晃 西浦 芳史 清田 信 村瀬 治比古 穂波 信雄

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

CELSS JOURNAL (ISSN:09154353)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.11-16, 1994-03-28 (Released:2010-12-16)

参考文献数

5

---

A centrifugal phytotron was designed and fabricated to study the effects of gravity on the growth of plant. The magnitude of centrifugal force can be selected arbitrarily up to 4G by controlling angular velocity of cultivation drum (1 m diameter). Environmental factors in this phytotron such as temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration and light intensity can also be conditioned.On the earth, different magnitude and different direction of artificial gravity, which is centrifugal force plus 1G earth gravity, distribute over the cultivation drum. Results of spectral analysis on vibration of the cultivation drum showed that overall vibration changed with centrifugal force and ranged from 0.7 to 2.1G.Wind velocity over the cultivation drum increased with raising centrifugal force and ranged from 1.5 to 2.7 m s-1.Results of preliminary cultivation experiment with radish (Raphanus sativus L.) showed that mean dry weight of the plants cultivated under centrifugal force of 2G was not significantly different from that of the plants cultivated under centrifugal force of 1G, and root/total dry weight ratio increased with raising centrifugal force. These tendency, however, might be due to several physical factors described above.Isolation of gravitational effect on the plant growth from existing influential factors such as the vibration and wind will be required for further experiment.

著者

小池 惇平

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

CELSS JOURNAL (ISSN:09154353)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.27-32, 1995-09-30 (Released:2010-12-16)

参考文献数

11

---

We have studied on the ability of living organisms to survive under simulated extraterrestrial condition. The subject is not restricted to an academic curiosity, but concerns problems to prevent the contamination of extraterrestrial circumstance with terrestrial microorganisms carried by spaceprobes. Some species of terrestrial microorganisms can survive even after the exposure under a simulated space conditions.Samples of microb were harvested from air and wall surface in Mir station by Progress M-26 on Feb. 15, 1995. The population of microorganisms and resistace to proton radiation by accelerator and ultra violet were examined.

著者

白石 文秀

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.7-13, 2021-01-31 (Released:2021-01-31)

参考文献数

16

---

A network system of new coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19) is characterized using Biochemical systems theory (BST). A differential equation model is constructed in the framework of BST and the parameter values in the equations are determined from the infection data reported for the infected, recovered, and dead individuals (from January 15 to April 29, 2020) in Japan. Nondimensional analysis suggests that the time courses of dependent variables related to the infection are governed by two dimensionless parameters: G (the ratio of rate constants) and x20 (the initial value for the ratio of infected individual number and population), and G must be greater than unity in order to certainly decrease the infected individual number to zero. The infection data in the initial stage indicates that if there was no action to protect, the infected individual number exponentially increased because G=0.0839143 < 1; for 120 million of the population in Japan, almost all persons were infected and the dead individual number increased to 16.8 million. Actually, however, the numbers of infected and dead individuals were only 16,305 and 749, respectively, suggesting that the contact rate was significantly reduced in a very short period of time. The analysis also indicates that x2 takes a maximum when x1 (the ratio of uninfected individual number and population) is equal to G. When the nosocomially infected individual number is equal to 10 % of the total number of infected individuals, the infected individual number never becomes zero unless the nosocomial infection is regulated even when the community infection is kept zero; in this case, the nosocomial infection must be aggressively reduced.

著者

多胡 靖宏

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

CELSS JOURNAL (ISSN:09154353)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.33-34, 1999-09-30 (Released:2010-12-16)

参考文献数

3

著者

三並 めぐる 仁科 弘重 續木 寛子 高山 弘太郎

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.47-55, 2011-04-30 (Released:2011-06-02)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

3

---

This study analyzed the effects on the psychological state of high school students of having plants in the classroom and of raising plants. Two separate experiments were carried out, using students from three classes of Ehime University Senior High School. Analysis of psychological state was carried out using Semantic Differential Method and Profile of Mood States, along with analysis of brain waves. The subjects also completed a questionnaire. In the first experiment, the three classes were divided into three groups. The classroom of the foliage plant group and the flower group contained foliage plants and live roses placed in the classroom, respectively. As the results, the foliage plant group was evaluated higher for “sense of tranquility” than the flower group and the control group, and more students in the foliage plant group than the flower group felt positive effects. In the second experiment, students were divided into three groups: Group A, no selection of plants and no care of plants; Group B, no selection of plants but care of plants; and Group C, selection of plants and care of plants. A single foliage plant was distributed to every student and students were allowed to place their plants where they liked. As the results, scores were high for the first factor (pleasant) and the second factor (emotional changes) in group. Proactive involvement with plants in the Group B and C increased attachment to and interest in plants, and was effective as a method for relieving stress and increasing communication.

著者

白石 文秀

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.49-50, 2015-04-30 (Released:2015-05-26)

参考文献数

5

著者

木部 勢至朗

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.9-15, 2019-01-31 (Released:2019-01-31)

参考文献数

9

---

On the occasion of his receiving the Academic Award from the Society of Eco-Engineering (SEE), the author provided an overview lecture at its annual meeting in June 2018, on the eco-engineering applications in space systems, focusing on the life support systems of the manned space facility. This paper is intended to be a summary of his talk there and a showcase of technology development activities on the space life support systems which he has been involved in.

著者

岡村 総吾 猪瀬 博 今井 兼一郎 岩佐 義朗 上之園 親佐 宇田川 重和 内田 盛也 大谷 茂盛 鎌田 仁 小林 繁夫 近藤 次郎 高村 仁一 佐伯 修 三枝 武夫 佐藤 豪 志賀 敏男 城水 元次郎 菅原 照雄 須藤 一 中村 彰一 平山 博 松本 順一郎 市川 惇信 三島 良績 三石 明善 山内 豊聰 和栗 雄太郎 藤本 盛久 青木 和男 家田 正之 石井 吉徳 石原 智男 伊藤 學

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

CELSS JOURNAL (ISSN:09154353)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.59-61, 1990

著者

水谷 広

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-engineering = 生態工学 (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.93-99, 2003-07-31

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2

---

In order to make the activity of the humanosphere fit to the global limits, a concept of material and energy requirements (mer) for a product/service was proposed and defined. The argument is based on a unified treatment of material cycles applicable to both biogeochemical cycles and sociogeochemical cycles, in which knowledge, physical inflow, srocks (coined word from stock and process), benefit, and outflow constitute basic elements of material circulation. There are five classes of mers: Direct material and energy requirement (D-mer), Extended material and energy requirement (E-mer), Total material and energy requirement (T-mer), Lifetime material and energy requirement (L-mer), and limited Lifetime material and energy requirement (limited L-mer). They may be derived from LCA inventory data and may be used for the formulation of the resource productivity and the eco-efficiency. It was found that the L-mer, which is all the material and energy needed for a product/service to complete its entire lifecycle, was the sum of all the E-mers used in its lifetime, if its lifecycle contains no recycling process. Problems associated with the application of the mers to global change, i. e., kinds of data to be collected, data reliability, their relation to global limits, their conversion, impact allocations to benefit, and multiple indicators, are discussed.

著者

西野 康人 石川 義朗

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.4, pp.247-253, 2007-10-31 (Released:2008-03-29)

参考文献数

26

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We conducted the experimental long-term cultivation of eelgrass Zostera marina in closed aquarium systems using non-filter and non-exchanging seawater. Eelgrass was cultivated in two types of the closed aquarium systems (2 m3 and 20 m3). The conditions of the cultivation were as follows: water temperature: 15 °C; light source: halogen water lamp; photoperiod: 12-h dark and 12-h light; light intensity (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD): 125-200 μmol m-2 s-1 in the 2 m3 aquarium and 80-250 μmol m-2 s-1 in the 20 m3 aquarium. Dried eelgrass (457g dry weight m-2) was supplied as fertilizer into the bottom sediments before cultivation experiments. Nutrients seemed to be slowly supplied to eelgrass during the long-term experiment attributed to the slow decomposition of fertilized eelgrass. The growth of eelgrass in the 2 m3 aquarium continued for at least 458 days, a period longer than that of eelgrass in the 20 m3 aquarium (236 days). It indicated that the dry eelgrass buried in the sediment was effective as fertilizer. The experimental eelgrass utilized ammonia the most. Reproductive shoot in the experimental eelgrass appeared from approximately the third month after the transplant, and kept on increasing till the end of the experiment. It indicated that it is possible to conduct a long-term cultivation of eelgrass in a closed system. And the result may contribute to the elucidation of material circulation in seagrass bed.

著者

水谷 広

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.4, pp.167-174, 2010-10-31 (Released:2011-01-05)

参考文献数

21

---

Recently, so-called geoengineering appears to be championed by some in the fight against global warming as a possible alternative to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Instead, I believe that there is a root cause for the emissions that should be first taken care of. In this paper, I argue that what needed most is not a fix to the global warming and that the current conditions of our environments need to be viewed in the context of Earth system evolution. The terrestrial life began to be present around four billion years ago; however, it only achieved the enduring basis for its continued existence when the oxygen respiration emerged. It, thus, took two billion years to become a sustainable sphere with its own rule, the biosphere. Then, about ten thousand years ago, humans started agriculture, departing from the biological rule. It formed a bud of the humanosphere and kept growing until the 16th century, when the need for larger amount of metals and other goods turned our eyes to underground resources. Unfortunately, these resources are not renewable. Thus, we unknowingly derailed ourselves from the path to the formation of an enduring sphere of humans, the humanosphere. Now we are seeing the end of our way that has lasted for five centuries and some of us might be at a loss in front of the deteriorating environments. During this period, however, our understanding about this universe and its various laws has advanced greatly and it will help us to return to the course to the humanosphere. Some notes to be observed for successfully getting back to the track are also discussed.

著者

宮嶋 宏行

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.57-64, 2017

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&ensp;&ensp;In September 2016, Elon Musk's SpaceX presented an Interplanetary Transport System consisting of a spaceship and rockets to be used to colonize Mars. Space development by private organizations may commence in the near future. This paper summarizes an overview of simulation studies for space habitation and life support systems conducted by public and private organizations in facilities around the world, such as BIOS3, Biosphere 2, and Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities (CEEF). In addition, this paper describes the author's own simulation study and analog study regarding space habitation and life support systems. The computer simulation study was conducted to analyze mass flow inside CEEF. The analog simulation study was conducted at Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) to know space habitation problems. The analog simulation study includes research on human metabolism, food science, and food production as well as an analog Extravehicular Activity (EVA) study similar to the MIT Haughton Mars Project conducted at Haughton Island. Finally, issues regarding design of a habitation system, a life support system, biomedical measurement system for keeping a crew healthy, EVA equipment, and an EVA navigation system on a planetary surface are compared with previous research conducted by other crews at the MDRS in the past.

著者

大森 克徳 竹内 俊郎 小口 美津夫

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.61-64, 2004 (Released:2006-07-14)

参考文献数

9

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To culture efficiently Moina macrocopa with the recirculating zooplankton culture device, optimal culture conditions in closed environment have to be investigated thoroughly. Optimal conditions at food, temperature or quality of water have been defined, however, few reports have been publised on flow speed or direction. Therefore, the system for culture experiment in fixed flow which has three airtight rearing cells had been organized, and influences of flow rate or direction on population growth were investigated. In these experiments, M. macrocopa increased efficiently at slow flow speed, 10 cm/min, and the flow directions hardly influenced to the population growths. To control flow rates should be effective for the efficient culture of M. macrocopa.