著者
Abby D. Benninghoff Michael Lefevre Korry J. Hintze Robert E. Ward Jeffery R. Broadbent
出版者
筑波大学農林技術センター
雑誌
Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture (ISSN:18803016)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.1, pp.34-54, 2015 (Released:2015-08-28)
参考文献数
182

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The Western dietary pattern is an established risk factor for many cancers, particularly for colorectal cancer (CRC). The Western diet is typified by the high consumption of red and processed meats, high fat foods, sugary foods and refined grains, whereas a more prudent diet replaces these foods with whole grains, fruits and vegetables, many of which are rich in dietary bioactives known to reduce cancer risk. Agricultural production of many of the foods common to the Western diet is also estimated to have a high environmental impact. Thus, diet modification to reduce cancer risk by consumption of more fruits and vegetables would also be considered a more environmentally sustainable diet.This review summarizes the impact of dietary bioactives on gastrointestinal health, with a focus on the role of the gut microbiome and intestinal inflammation in colorectal carcinogenesis. Four dietary bioactives with purported anti-cancer activities are discussed, including catechins (green tea), anthocyanins (red/blue berries), proanthocyanidins (cocoa) and isoflavones (soy), with special consideration given to evidence for their interaction with the gut microbiome. The review concludes with a proposed model for investigating the impact of dietary bioactives for prevention of colon cancer that incorporates the Western nutritional pattern and considers the role of human gut microbiota in pre-clinical studies.
著者
Saidajan Abdiani
出版者
筑波大学農林技術センター
雑誌
Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture (ISSN:18803016)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, no.1, pp.9-13, 2012

Afghanistan is a landlocked country of plains and mountains with a wide range of ecosystems. Its climate is continental, with cold winters and hot summers. Most of the country is semi-arid or arid, although the east is watered by the monsoon. The natural resources and associated biological diversity provide the basis of a livelihood for up to 80% of the population; agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, and forestry form the backbone of the economy. Afghanistan is rich in biodiversity and natural beauty, and is home to globally significant wildlife species such as Marco Polo sheep (<I>Ovis ammon polii</I>) and the snow leopard (<I>Uncia uncia</I>), which are under pressure from hunting, loss of habitat, and illegal trade. The most significant threats to natural resources are illegal hunting and trade, deforestation, desertification, and lack of law enforcement. In this situation, food security and sustainable agricultural development will remain a dream, and the causes of poverty and instability will be strengthened, both in Afghanistan and in the region. If Afghanistan is to develop into a vibrant nation with secure sustainable agricultural development, it must first halt the loss of its biodiversity, which requires international support and collaboration in national reconciliation, job creation, capacity building, raising of public awareness, and law enforcement. Healthy societies depend on a healthy environment that is rich in biodiversity, whose conservation is a must.
著者
本間 秀彌
出版者
筑波大学農林技術センター
雑誌
筑波大学農林技術センタ-研究報告 (ISSN:09153926)
巻号頁・発行日
no.17, pp.1-9, 2004-03

水牛の粗飼料消化性をホルスタイン牛と比較すると,高品質飼料では差が認められないが低品質粗飼料の消化率が高い。この理由は,ホルスタインではルーメン(第一胃)内バクテリア濃度飼料の品質に比例して高くなり,そのセルラーゼ活性も ...
著者
大宮 秀明 佐々木 克典 西田 清作 松本 安広 林 久喜 坂井 直樹
出版者
筑波大学農林技術センター
雑誌
筑波大学農林技術センター研究報告 (ISSN:09153926)
巻号頁・発行日
no.12, pp.1-8, 1999-03-31

本研究では、茨城県南部地域における青果用サツマイモの代表的な3品種、ベニアズマ、ベニコマチ、関東83号について、筑波大学農林技術センター圃場で栽培した1989年-1996年の収量データを解析すると共に、1997年度に要因実験を実施して、収量、品質に及ぼす挿苗時期および収穫時期の影響を明らかにした。生育日数140日での上いも収量はベニアズマが最も多く、ベニコマチと関東83号は同等であった。また、上いも収量および全収量は品種にかかわらず5月挿苗で多く、挿苗時期が遅れるに従い減少した。生育日数は全収量、屑いも収量および上いも収量のすべてに影響を及ぼし、上いも収量は品種にかかわらず180日以上で多く、161日以下で少なかった。以上の結果から、品種ごとの挿苗適期および収穫適期は、ベニコマチでは5月中~下旬の挿苗で9月下旬~10月下旬の収穫、関東83号では5月上・中旬の挿苗で11月上~中旬の収穫がそれぞれ望ましいと考えられた。一方、ベニアズマの場合は6月上・中旬の挿苗でも比較的高い収量が得られ、また、5月中旬に挿苗すれば9月中旬からの早期収穫が可能となることが明らかとなった。