著者

齋藤 日向

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.6, pp.499-503, 1981-06-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

12

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Industrial microorganisms have been improved mainly by mutation and selection for their productivity, but recent development of gene manipulation would offer more effective tool for microbial breedings. Since the primary gene products are polypeptides, the gene manipulation techniques have been mainly applied to produce human peptide hormones, interferons and enzymes. These polypeptides have been expected to be useful for therapy of human diseases in near future. The technique will be available also to improve biomass production including microorganisms and plants. Further application is planned in the field of chemical industry, such as the conversion of ethylene to ethylene oxide. In addition, this technique would be developed as tolls for breeding of industrial microorganisms, especially in Japan.

著者

清水 昌 山田 秀明

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.6, pp.467-476, 1981-06-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

21

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Recent advances in the synthesis of useful organic compounds by enzymatic method are described. Various L-amino acids were synthesized by multifunctional pyridoxal enzymes; D-amino acids, especiall D-phenylglycine derivatives, by dihydropyrimidinase, purine arabinosides by nucleoside phosphorylases, insulin by proteases, steroid hormons by oxygenases, semisynthetic penicillins by penicillin acylase, and coenzyme A through biosynthetic pathway with pantothenic acid and L-cysteine under the coupling with ATP-generating system.The described enzymatic methods are simple and the most economical processes to date for the industrial production of these useful compounds.

著者

小倉 協三 古山 種俊

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.6, pp.459-466, 1981-06-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

2

---

Applications of prenyltransferases to the organic synthesis of some biologically active compounds are described.Trishomo-15, bishomo-16 and homo-farnesyl pyrophosphate 9, whose carbon skeletons are the same as those of the insect juvenile hormones, JH 0, JH I, and JH II, respectively, are synthesized by the action of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase of pig liver.The stereospecific C-C bond forming reaction of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase was efficiently utilized in the asymmetric synthesis of the stereoisomers of faranal, a trail pheromone of the Pharaoh ant, to establish the absolute configuration of the pheromone.The distribution of carbon chain length of polyprenyl pyrophosphates synthesized with solanesyl pyrophosphate synthetase of Micrococcus luteus can be controled artificially by changing the Mg++ concentration of the reaction mixture.

著者

須方 一明

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.443-444, 1981-05-01 (Released:2010-04-23)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

7 8

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Phase transfer catalysis of polyethylene glycols or polyethylene glycol ethers on Williamson synthesis under organic-aqueous (concentrated aqueous alkali) two phase system was studied. High yields were obtained in all cases examined.

著者

加藤 清

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.225-228, 1959-04-01 (Released:2010-10-20)

参考文献数

12

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When N-(1, 2-diacetoxyethyl)-phthalimide was pyrolyzed under high temperatures, it was found that the dehydroacetoxylation proceeded in a highly selective manner to give N-(2-acetoxyvinyl)-phthalimide.Pyrolysis of N-(1-acetoxy-2-bromoethyl)-phthalimide at 537±3 produced N-(2-bromoviny1)-phthalimide.

著者

松浦 亮

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.423-432, 1981-05-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2 2

著者

佐脇 幹夫

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.408-414, 1981-05-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1 2

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Acaricide “Citrazon” and herbicide “Alloxydim sodium” were invented by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. in the studies on the applications of hydroxamic acid derivatives for pesticides. “Citrazon” is a systemic acaricide for the control of Panonychus Citri and P. ulimi. While, “Alloxydim sodium” is a selective herbicide for grassneed having no phytotoxity effect towards broadleaf crops.These compounds have entirely unique chemical structures compared with the ordinary pesticides. Therefore, many investigations were required for the establishment of the manufacturing procedures, especially of allyloxyamine, ethoxyamine and 2, 6-dimethoxybenzoic acid.At the same time, new effective catalysts in acylation and alkylation were found out.

著者

尾島 巖

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.415-422, 1981-05-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

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第2回均一系触媒反応国際シンポジウム (2nd ISHC) は, 昭和55年9月1日から3日まで, 西独Düsseldorfにおいて, マックス・プランク石炭研究所 (Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung) の所長であり現ドイツ化学会会長でもあるG. Wilke教授をChairmanとし, ドイツ化学会主催, ヨーロッパ化学連合 (Federation of European Chemical Societies, FECS) 後援 (27th Event of FECS) で開催された。この国際シンポジウムがどのようにして組織されたかについては, 本誌37巻7号に佐伯博士・石井教授が経緯を書いておられるが, エネルギーおよび資源問題に関連した米国内での1974年のWorkshop on Fundamental Research in Homogeneous Catalysis, 1976年イタリア, 1977年京都で開催された同じ趣旨のInternational Workshopを引き継いで, 1978年第1回のISHCが, テキサスA&M大学のM. Tsutsui教授をChairmanとしてTexas州Corpus Christiにおいて開催され大成功をおさめたのである。以後1年おきに開催することに国際組織委員会 (日本代表は石井教授) で決定され, 今回がその第2回という次第である。

著者

小林 榮 藤野 政彦

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.395-407, 1981-05-01 (Released:2010-01-22)

参考文献数

56

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N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), a minimal immunologically active constituent of cell-wall peptidoglycan, has attracted much attention since its discovery in 1974. This review deals with recent progress in the MDP field.

著者

庄野 達哉 松村 功啓

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.358-373, 1981-05-01 (Released:2010-01-22)

参考文献数

192

被引用文献数

12 15

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This article presents a review of the methods of synthesis of α-methylene lactones, esters, lactams, ketones, and aldehydes.The methods are classified into the following categories.1. Routes via compounds bearing a leaving group at the β-carbon.1-1. Oxygen functional groups.1-2. Nitrogen functional groups.1-3. Sulfur, Selenium functional groups and Halogens.2. Routes via compounds bearing a leaving group at the α-carbon.3. Routes via compounds bearing leaving groups at α- and β-carbons.4. Synthesis utilizing methylene compounds such as4-1. Acrylic acid derivatives.4-2. Allyl alcohol derivatives or Acrolein derivatives.5. Routes via cyclopropane derivatives.6. Rearrangement.7. CO insertion reaction.8. Miscellaneous.

著者

藤田 眞作

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.331-344, 1981-04-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

73

被引用文献数

2 5

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This review deals with various image-forming compounds for instant (diffusion transfer) color photography. The processes of the dye-image formation are discussed in terms of dye-releasing or dye-stopping mechanisms. Dyes containing sulfonamide group, temporaily-shifted dye moieties, and after-chelating dye moieties are described. Other organic components, such as electron transfer agents, nucleating agents, oxidized developer scavengers, indicator dyes having high pKa values, etc., are also disclosed.

著者

平井 健太郎 杉本 裕彦 石破 暉之

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.192-204, 1981-03-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

5 5

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1, 3-Dithiolium and 1, 3-oxathiolium cations are positively charged 6π electronic species and the C-2 carbon which has the largest positive charge density is bonded with two hetero atoms leading to high sensitivity toward nucleophiles.We have investigated the aromaticity of 1, 3-dithiolium cation and chemical behavior of the both cations toward nucleophiles as well as synthetic application of biologically active compounds.In light of our results, dithiolium cation forms an interesting class of versatile compound in view of its nonbenzenoid aromaticity and oxathiolium cation exhibits a high reactivity toward a variety of nucleophiles providing novel heterocyclic compounds and their precursors depending on the nature of the reagents and the reaction conditions. Thus, oxathiolium cations proved to be highly versatile synthetic intermediates.

著者

新井 和孝

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.374-384, 1981-05-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

5 6

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In recent years, α-chlorosulfides have been utilized as very useful synthetic intermedites. Firstly, in this article, the preparation methods of α-chlorosulfides are reviewed, and the critical points of the preparative reactions are summerized as follows : (1) selectivity of degree of the chlorination, (2) α, β-elimination of hydrogen chloride, (3) cleavage of C-S bond of sulfides, and (4) regioselectivity of the chlorination. Secondly, many types of the reaction of α-chlorosulfides are introduced together with each typical application in organic synthesis, classified in three groups, (1) the reactions with nucleophiles, (2) the reactions as electrophiles, and (3) miscellaneous reactions.The scope and limitation of the synthetic utility of the reaction of α-chlorosulfides will be clarified in this review.

著者

小林 宣男

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.181-191, 1981-03-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

6 5

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This article is concerned with the uses of chiral synthetic polymers as catalysts in asymmetric reactions. The polymer catalysts are classified into two groups : (a) polymers with chiral main chain; (b) polymers with chiral side chain. The asymmetric reactions discussed are hydrocyanation, addition of thiols to C=C, addition of methanol to C=C=O, hydrogenation, Michael reactions, phase-transfer reactions, hydrosilylation, and hydroformylation. The emphasis here will be on the polymer effects.

著者

大類 洋

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.275-288, 1981-04-01 (Released:2010-01-22)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

11 10

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The present article involves the advances in chiral synthesis of natural products from carbohydrate precursors, which is now one of the most important fields in organic synthesis.

著者

森沢 弘和 宇多川 隆 山崎 晤弘

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.205-216, 1981-03-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

1

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In this article, the syntheses of nucleoside by chemical or enzymatic transglycosylation method are reviewed. Particularly, the synthesis of purine arabinosides and purine 2'-amino-2'-deoxyribosides by combination of chemical reaction and enzymatic transglycosylation reaction is reported.

著者

畑中 顯和

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.142-153, 1981-02-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

5 4

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The characteristic flavours in plant-, leaf alcohol, cis-3-hexenol, and leaf aldehyde, trans- 2- hexenal, are widely distributed in fresh leaves, vegetables and fruits and are responsible for the odor characteristic of the leaf. Also, both are found in some insect excretions as functioning attractants and repellents.The investigation of leaf alcohol has been carried out by Takei and Ohno et al. since 1938; from 1957, we have been studying leaf alcohol and leaf aldehyde from a number of angles : synthetic chemistry, natural products chemistry, and plant biochemistry.Recently, we focused our attention on the biosynthesis of leaf alcohol and leaf aldehyde and have demonstrated the biosynthetic pathway using Thea sinensis leaves. We know now that leaf alcohol and aldehyde are produced from cis-3-hexenal. This C6-compound, cis-3-hexenal and the C12-compound, 11-formyl-cis-9-undecenoic acid, are biosynthesized from linolenic acid by enzymatic oxygenative splitting through the addition of oxygen to the double bond between C-12 and C-13. This C12-fragment isomerizes to give 11-formyl-trans-10-undecenoic acid, traumatic half aldehyde, which is known as the “Wound Hormone”.

著者

須方 一明

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.86-88, 1981-01-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

4 4

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The effects of polyethyleneglycol dialkyl ethers as solvents in the reaction of potassium 3-aminophenoxide with isopropyl chloride were studied. The reactions using the polyethyleneglycol dialkyl ethers as solvents gave O- isopropylated 3-aminophenol in higher yields than using small amounts of dibenzo-18- crown-6 or the polyethyleneglycol dialkyl ethers as solvents.

著者

杉原 博

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.73-80, 1981-01-01 (Released:2010-04-23)

参考文献数

7

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“Synthetic Methods of Organic Chemistry” by Theilheimer is well known as secondary sources of organic reactions. In 1975, a British company, Derwent published “Journal of Synthetic Method” as a part of Chemical Reactions Documentation Service (CRDS) system.On-line retrieval of CRDS by telephone line has been available in Japan and even Theilheimer can be retrieved on the same system. In addition to the above, in 1979, ISI published “Current Chemical Reactions” in U. S. A., thus secondary sources of organic reactions have been gradually developed.The present article reviews secondary sources which have seldom been reported before.

著者

森 謙治

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.63-72, 1981-01-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

4 6

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Synthesis and biological activity of several chiral pheromones are discussed with emphasis on the synthetic strategies such as derivation from optically active natural products, optical resolution of intermediates and asymmetric synthesis using biochemical systems.