著者

深津 俊三

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.188-196, 1982-03-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

3 2

---

On the basis of the mechanism of aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance, a number of semisynthetic derivatives of aminoglycoside antibiotics have been synthesized by deoxygenation and acylation. Among them, 3', 4'-dideoxykanamycin B (Dibekacin) and 1-N- [(S) -4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl] kanamycin A (Amikacin) have been commercialized and now widely used clinically. Dibekacin is demonstrated by our improvement on the industrial synthesis and Amikacin is reviewed from the view point of methodology of the selective acylation.

著者

藤田 眞作

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.176-187, 1982-03-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

2 5

---

Image-providing compounds for instant color photography are classified as positive- or negative-working according to their photographic functions, and as dye-releasing or- stopping to their image-providing mechanisms. Their characteristics and properties as functionalized dyes are discussed briefly. Several synthetic approaches to the compounds selected, e. g., dye developers, p-sulfonamidonaphthol and o-sulfonamidophenol dye-releasers, are reviewed.

著者

松岡 賢

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.114-122, 1982-02-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The direct amination of some quinones promoted by metal salts was developed as a substitute for the Ullmann amination to prepare aminoquinone dyes. α-Aminoanthraquinones reacted readily with alkylamines to give 4- (or 2, 4-bis) aminated products. 2-Alkylamination of quinizarin proceeded quantitatively in the presence of copper chlorides. Possible mechanism, which involves the formation of the metal complexes followed by a nucleophilic attack of amines, was studied in details. The direct photo-aminations of some quinones were also studied. A number of new aminoanthraquinones and aminonaphthoquinones as dye were synthesized by both the metal-promoted direct amination and the direct photo-amination.

著者

市原 耿民

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.102-113, 1982-02-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

77

被引用文献数

5 4

---

This article describes the synthesis of bioactive natural products such as phytotoxins, inhibitors of plant growth and seeds germination, antitumor and antibiotic compounds, efficiently utilizing the Diels-Alder and the retro-Diels-Alder reactions. The target compounds are classified into four sections according to their chemical structure, i. e. highly oxygenated cyclohexane derivatives, α, β-unsaturated γ-lactones, pyranojuglone derivatives, and coronafacic acid as an 1-indanone derivative.

著者

北村 彰英 大橋 国雄 吉田 政幸

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.62-69, 1982-01-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

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Introduction of Index Guide and its effective use for retrospective search of conceptual subjects in Chemical Abstracts are described.

著者

寺島 孜郎

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.20-41, 1982-01-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

199

被引用文献数

39 37

---

Chemical synthesis of anthracycline antibiotics which attract much attention due to their promising therapeutic properties against various types of human cancers, is reviewed.The synthetic routes to these novel antibiotics are described on a) preparation of the aglycones, anthracyclinones, b) synthesis of the aminosugars represented by L-daunosamine, and c) coupling of the two components by glycosidation reaction. The aglycone syntheses on which much synthetic efforts have recently been paid, are further summarized based on the key reactions constructing the tetracyclic system of anthracyclinones : a) Friedel-Crafts reaction, b) Diels-Alder reaction, and c) 1, 2- or 1, 4-addition reaction; and on the preparation methods for optically active aglycones.Full scope of the anthracycline synthesis is disclosed by delineating the key point of each synthetic scheme.

著者

沖 俊一 竹内 富雄

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.2-19, 1982-01-01 (Released:2010-01-22)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

14 14

---

Our efforts toward the drug development of new potent antitumor anthracycline antibiotic Aclacinomycin A have been extended to the studies on biogenesis, structure-activity relationships and microbial and chemical transformations to produce more active and less toxic compounds than adriamycin. Since 1973 we have produced about 100 compounds : aclacinomycins, 2-hydroxyaclacinomycins, 13-methylaclacinomycins, 4-Ο- methylaclacinomycins, 11- hydroxyaclacinomycins, 4''' -dehydrorhodomycin Y, 11 -hydroxycinerubin A, rhodirubins, roseorubicins, baumycins, 4 - hydroxybaumycinols, feudomycins, 1 -hydroxydaunorubicinol, trisarubicinol, 4''' aminoaclacinomycin derivatives, cinerulosyl-2 - deoxyfucosylrhodosaminyldaunomycinone derivatives by fermentation, by microbial glycosidation and by chemical modification. The biosynthetic pathways that transform the hypothetical decaketide precursors of anthracyclinones to the appropriate end products were elucidated on the basis of the chemical structures of anthracyclines newly produced by feeding presumptive biosynthetic intermediates to mutants blocked in the biosynthesis of parent metabolites. Outline of fermentation and purification, structures of anthracycline antibiotics produced by microorgnisms, biosynthesis of anthracyclinones, biological activity and its relationships to chemical structure were reviewed.

著者

松山 春男

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.12, pp.1151-1162, 1981-12-01 (Released:2010-01-22)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

2 6

---

Recent developments related to the total syntheses of spermidine and spermine alkaloids are reviewed. Those alkaloids are kukoamine A 11, maytennine 30, celacinnine 31, celallocinnine 32, celafurine 33, celabenzine 34, dihydroperiphylline 35, (±) -dihydropalustrine 73, 75, lunarine 76, lunaridine 77, codonocarpine 79, and (-) -homaline 93. This article is constructed by following chapters : (i) acyclic spermidine and spermine alkaloids, (ii) macrocyclic spermidine alkaloids, (iii) macrocyclic spermine alkaloids, (iv) observations on biosyntheses, and (v) new synthetic methods of macrocyclic aminolactams.

著者

大塚 斉之助 芥川 進

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.12, pp.1138-1150, 1981-12-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

103

被引用文献数

1 1

---

テルペン, ステロイドを始め天然物の合成に今日各種の金属錯体がよく用いられる。この分野の発展は目ざましく数多くの総説が現れている。ここでは主として遷移金属錯体を用いるテルペン類の合成をとりあげる。セスキテルペンは一部にとどめた。このように限っても数多くの報告はこの小文にまとめきれない。そこで筆者らが進めている実用的な合成に焦点をあてることにする。すなわちイソプレンあるいは化学原料としてかなり豊富に利用できるテルペンを利用する合成とそれらに関連する反応を取りあげることにした。

著者

鈴木 和夫

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.11, pp.1073-1082, 1981-11-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

6 5

---

Metallothionein is named for its characteristic structure, a low molecular weight metal-binding protein (61 amino acid residues) rich in cysteinyl residues (20 residues) and heavy metals (7 metals for zinc and cadmium). Heavy metals which can induce and can be bound to metallothionein are restricted to seven heavy metals (zinc, copper, cadmium, silver, mercury, gold, and bismuth). Namely, heavy metals with higher affinity than zinc can be bound in vivo to metallothionein.Other heavy metals such as nickel, manganese, chromium, and so on can also induce metallothionein but can not be bound to metallothionein and the induced metallothionein contains only zinc or zinc and a small amount of copper. A great diversity of stresses other than heavy metals such as starvation, operation, administrations of alkylating agents and inflammatory drugs also induces metallothionein. Glucocorticohormone which may be related to the stresses also induces metallothionein and high concentrations of metallothionein are observed in the livers of foetus and neonatus. Biological functions of metallothionein have been postulated to be a protective protein from harmful heavy metals and a regulating protein for the homeostasis of zinc and copper.

著者

松本 和子 不破 敬一郎

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.11, pp.1053-1061, 1981-11-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The history of the study of zinc enzymes and their characteristics and the classification are briefly surveyed, together with the general remarks on the structure and function of metals in metalloenzymes. Among about 90 zinc enzymes so far discovered, special emphasis is placed on horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and the recent experimental results of UV-VIS spectra, circular dichroism and X-ray crystallography are presented. The M. W. of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase is 80, 000 and the enzyme consists of two subunits, each of which contains two zinc atoms, and 2 mols of NAD+ is necessary as cofactor for the enzyme. The details of the structure and the function of zinc in the enzyme are discussed and the possible reaction mechanism is explained. The paper also briefly introduces the recently extracted human liver alcohol dehydrogenase.

著者

生越 久靖 青山 安宏

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.11, pp.1028-1038, 1981-11-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

1

---

Recent advances in the biomimetic chemistry of metal complexes of porphyrins and related compounds are briefly reviewed. Selected topics include (i) higher valent oxometalloporphyrins with relevance to the proposed intermediates in the enzymatic reactions of cytochrome P450, peroxidase, and catalase, (ii) myoglobin and hemoglobin models to elucidate the possible protein control of heme reactivities, and (iii) some novel redox behaviors of metalloporphyrins and related compounds. Some clinical chemistry of chlorophyll derivatives are also described.

著者

花木 昭

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.11, pp.1002-1014, 1981-11-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

51

---

Superoxide dismutases, SOD, are enzymes which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide, O-2, and contain iron, manganese or copper-zinc in the active sites. The iron-and manganese-containing SODs occur mainly in prokaryotes and the copper, zinc-SOD in eukaryotes. The primary structure of the enzymes have been determined in the Mn-SODs from E. coli and B. stearothermophilus and in the Cu, Zn-SODs from human and bovine erythrocytes and from baker's yeast. The molecular structural data are available only for the bovine enzyme. The enzyme consists of two identical subunits, each of which contains one Cu (II) and one Zn (II) bridged by an imidazolate anion from the side chain of histidine. The Cu (II) ion is coordinated to four histidine imidazoles and the Zn (II) to three imidazoles and one carboxylate of aspartic acid. The Cu (II) -bridged imidazole bond is dissociated upon reduction of the enzyme. The structure and function of the Cu, Zn-SOD are reviewed from the chemical view-points.

著者

森田 毅 岡本 能樹 桜井 洸

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.10, pp.973-977, 1981 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2 3

---

The use of chlorotrimethylsilane-sodium iodide gave excellent results in mild, neutral nonaqueous cleavage-hydrolysis reaction of C-O bond, deoxygenation of sulfoxide and N-oxide, iodonation of alcohol, and dehalogenation of α-haloketone. This reagent can be used as covenient and inexpensive alternatives for iodotrimethylsilane.

著者

秦 美輝

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.10, pp.952-959, 1981 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 3

---

The reaction of oxaziridines with nucleophilic reagents including amines, sulfides and triphenylphosphine was studied. The initial attack of the reagent occurred on the nitrogen atom of the oxaziridine ring followed by cleavage of both nitrogen-carbon and nitrogen-oxygen bonds. The reaction was applied to the synthesis of hydrazines, sulfenamides and thionitrosoalkane derivatives.

著者

村橋 俊一 細川 隆弘

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.10, pp.933-951, 1981 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

269

被引用文献数

2 4

---

金属の特性を活用した新しい有機合成反応は数多く開発され, 天然物合成にもしばしば応用している例が見られるようになっている。金属のなかでも特にパラジウムの活用例が抜きん出て多く, 現在もその開発研究の数が増大している傾向が見られる。この理由はパラジウム化合物の取り扱いの容易さと, 反応性の多様性にもとつくものである。パラジウムを用いる有機合成反応や機構の解説は成書や総説によりいくつか紹介されている。ここでは有機合成反応の一つの柱となる官能基変換反応に, パラジウムがどのように触媒あるいは試剤として用いられているかについて紹介することとしたい。有機合成反応によく用いられるパラジウム化合物の具体的な合成法, あるいはその使用法については本協会誌にすでに紹介したので参照していただきたい。

著者

畑 辻明 関根 光雄

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.10, pp.918-932, 1981 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

2 2

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以上, TMSPを中心にシリルホスファイトの反応を述べたが, シリルホスファイトの特徴は本来安定なホスホネート型の構造を強塩基で反応性の高いホスファイトイオンとして活用する代りに, トリメチルシリル基のhardな性質を利用してこのイオンをトリメチルシリル基で固定したものである。その結果, シリルホスファイトは反応性の高い中性の蒸留可能な物質として単離することができ, さらに反応後簡単に加アルコール分解によってトリメチルシリル基が除去できる利点をもつのでエステル化されていない従来不安定でつくりにくかった種々の有機リン酸化合物の合成にきわめて有用である。

著者

中村 好男

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.11, pp.903-908, 1975-11-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

82

著者

神藤 平三郎

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.7, pp.603-612, 1981-07-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

50

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An introduction of solid-state NMR and the brief survey of its applications are presented.

著者

通 元夫

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.7, pp.642-653, 1981-07-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

2

---

This review deals with the synthetic studies on trichothecane-type sesquiterpenes and verrucarins. Although more than forty compounds were isolated from natural sources, only a few examples of total synthesis of natural products in this class have been reported. They are trichodermin, trichodermol, 12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene, and trichodiene. The total synthesis of an important sesquiterpene, verrucarol, having tow hydroxyl groups at C-4 and C-15 positions, has not yet succeeded. However, some synthetic studies towards the total synthesis of verrucarol are discussed. In the last part, partial syntheses of macrocyclic derivatives of verrucarol, tetrahydroverrucarin J and 2'-deoxy-3'-hydroxytetrahydroverrucarin A, are described.