出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.143a-144, 1919

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.43-44, 1892

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.208-208, 1919

著者

小林

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.201a-202, 1918

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.8, pp.574-574, 1909

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.10, pp.485-485, 1892

著者

鈴木 毅彦 藤原 治 檀原 徹

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.1, pp.38-61, 2004

被引用文献数

4 15

---

This study shows the revised stratigraphy and correlations of the middle Pleistocene tephras in and around the Aizu area, Northeast Japan. Significant marker tephras in this area are as follows, in descending order of stratigraphy : Nm-SB, TG, Hu-TK, and Kn-KD from volcanoes adjacent to Oze, So-OT, and APm. Stratigraphic positions of Sn-MT and Sn-SK are not clear, but they seem to be positioned near Kn-KD.<BR>Nm-SB (110 ka) from Numazawa caldera is mainly a plinian pumice fall deposit distributed in the central to western part of Fukushima Prefecture and northern part of Tochigi Prefecture. Eruption producing Nm-SB associated with ash fall, plinian eruption, and pyroclastic flow or pyroclastic surge. TG (125-135 ka), which is characterized by volcanic glass shards with a low index, was probably derived from the Sunagohara caldera. The distribution of fall-out tephra of TG is similar to that of Nm-SB, and pyroclastic flow deposit of TG is recognized southwest to west of the Numazawa caldera and along the western margin of the Aizu basin. The eruption process of TG comprises plinian eruption, pyroclastic flow, and plinian eruption.<BR>So-OT (300-330 ka) is composed of an ignimbrite and a fall-out tephra derived from the Shiobara caldera. This ignimbrite is known as Otahara pyroclastic flow deposit. On the other hand, fall-out tephra of So-OT has been newly identified. APm tephra beds are significant widespread tephras derived from volcano in the Hida mountains at 330-400 ka. This study corrects a correlation of APm in this area, which was shown by Suzuki (1993). Tephras identified as APm in this study are Nm-13, -14, -16 tephras below So-OT.<BR>Sn-MT (180-260 ka : FT ages) is composed of an ignimbrite and a fall-out tephra derived from the Sunagohara caldera. The former is part of the Sunagohara-Kubota tephra reported by Yamamoto and Sudo (1996) and the Pyroclastic Flow Deposit I reported by Mizugaki (1993). The latter is the Sunagohara-Kachikata tephra along the western margin of Aizu basin reported by Yamamoto and Sudo (1996), and the Okayaji Volcanic Ash Layer at the eastern foot of Adatara volcano reported by Soda and Saijo (1987). Sn-SK (220 ± 50 ka : FT age), originating from the Sunagohara caldera, was defined by Yamamoto and Sudo (1996). Sn-SK is composed of an ignimbrite and a fall-out tephra characterized by abundant accretionary lapilli. The latter is correlative to the Minowa Volcanic Ash Layer (Soda and Saijo, 1987) distributed at the eastern foot of Adatara volcano.<BR>All pyroclastic deposits derived from the Numazawa caldera are Nm-NM (5 ka), Nm-KN (50-55 ka), and Nm-SB (110 ka), and those from the Sunagohara caldera are TG (125-135 ka), Sn-MT (180-260 ka), and Sn-SK (220 ka). This means that, at both caldera, explosive eruptions occurred three times over 260, 000 years, and it appears that the active period of explosive eruptions moved from the Sunagohara caldera to the Numazawa caldera. This resulted in the preservation of volcanic landforms with more dissected caldera landforms at the Sunagohara caldera. Intervals between eruptions at the Numazawa caldera range from 50, 000 to 60, 000 years, and the volumes of the three products are similar, indicating periodic and regular activities with a discharge rate of 0.02-0.06 DRE km<SUP>3</SUP>/1, 000 years. On the other hand, the mean interval of eruptions at the Sunagohara caldera is 70, 000 to 40, 000 years, and the discharge rate is estimated to be 0.05-0.08 DRE km<SUP>3</SUP>/1, 000 years : the latter is equivalent to or a little larger than that of the Numazawa caldera.

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.70a-71, 1889

著者

浦辺 徹郎 沖野 郷子 砂村 倫成 石橋 純一郎 高井 研 鈴木 勝彦

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.6, pp.1027-1036, 2009-12-25

被引用文献数

4 1

---

Since the discovery of rich microbial communities at and around seafloor hydrothermal sites, their extension towards the oceanic crust beneath the seafloor is of great interest not only for microbial physiology/ecology but also for a wide range of Earth and planetary sciences. How can the communities survive in such an extreme environment? What kinds of metabolism are in action? It is proposed that the sub-seafloor ecosystems are characterized by different kinds of chemosynthetic primary production (carbon fixation), all of which are supported by chemical energy supplied from the sub-seafloor aquifers. We designate the unseen aquifers as sub-seafloor TAIGAs (great rivers) which are responsible for a geochemical flux equivalent to or even larger than that of terrestrial river runoff (<i>e.g.</i> Wheat and Mottl, 2000). Besides, they are responsible for supplying nutrients to microbes beneath the seafloor. We hypothesize that there are four representative TAIGAs based on the chemical energy of compounds of sulfur, carbon (methane), iron, and hydrogen, all of which are supported by the TAIGAs. It is important to note that the sub-seafloor ecosystems are controlled extensively by or are mutually related to the types of TAIGA that flow at the site. The hypothesis can be tested through cooperative research among microbiologists, geochemists, geophysicists, and geologists.

著者

宮地 政司

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.61-63, 1950

---

最近測地学方面で行われた無線報時の利用による二, 三の研究成果を紹介し, 我國の無線報時の現況とその利用法の概要を述べ, それ藤広い分野を有つ地学のどこかで役立つ事を願5ものである。<BR>測定や観測を静的なものと動的なものに大別する事が出来る。歴史の示す様にそれは静から動へと発展している。近代の科学の発展はこの動的測定に負5ものが非常に多い様である。こゝでいう動的とは「時」の利用によるもので, それが無線報時の手段で簡單に自由にそして必要な精密さで利用出来る様になつたのは極めて最近でこゝ二三十年来の事である。先づ二, 三の最近の研究成果を述べてみよう。

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.7, pp.386-387, 1891

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.7, pp.356a-357, 1893

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3, pp.242-242, 1899

著者

山本 荘毅

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.7, pp.471-482, 1970

被引用文献数

1

---

Taking the good opportunity of International Symposium on Land Subsidence held in Tokyo with excursion to Osaka and Niigata from September 17 to 23 in 1969, the writer tried to review the present situation of land subsidence in the world and its related problems.<BR>He gives definition of land subsidence as the comparatively progressive sinking in a limited area due to the artificial withdrawal of fluids such as ground water, gas, oil and so on. This phenomenon is different from the slower progressive downwarping movement in a tectonic basin or relative sinking due to eustatic movement during Quaternary age with the rate of 1-3 mm per year in Japan. The rate of land subsidence may differ by as much as one or two orders in magnitude. It may also be different from more rapid collapse due to mining of coal, gold and so on. According to R. Dolzal and M. Petersen's definition, <I>subsidence, settlement</I> and <I>lowering</I> are distinguished, the writer's definition corresponds to their settlement and in some case, to lowering.<BR>He reviewed the history of study on land subsidence in Japan, and grouped them to three categories. Leveling net-work covering all over Japan was established as early as the end of 19 centuries and precise geodetic leveling has been repeated at a fixed interval. This was very useful for making clear the phenomenological aspect of land subsidence.<BR>The first researcher, who gave attention to this problem was A. Imamura with his opinion of crustal movement. In an earlier stage of this survey, his successor, N. Miyabe might have the similar opinion, but soon later noticed that its cause was the contraction of the surface soil. Among these geophisicians, K. Wadati and his collaborators pointed out that there existed a proportional relation between the rate of subsidence and that of ground water pressure changes. S. Hayami added other elements such as tidal and artificial periodic changes to this.<BR>The second group was of soil mechanicians who applied Terzaghi's theory on compaction of clay layer. Y. Ishii and his collaborators estimated future amount of land subsidence and S. Murayama conducted laboratory experiments on land subsidence. The third group which is consist of geographers, geologists and hydrologist contributed to give the fundamental knowledges, for example, F. Tada and T. Nakano supplied subsurface topography of the land subsidence areas, S. Aoki and T. Shibasaki furnished Quarternary geology of these areas and I. Kayane and the present writer discussed water balance relations of the subsiding areas. These three groups are elaborating to proceed their researches and investigations with administrative officials. Now, Japan has many observation wells in land subsidence areas. (Tab. 1) <BR>He also summarized recent trend of subsidence in Japan (Tab. 2) collecting available data on the amount and rate of land subsidences in the world (Tab. 3) and pointed out the future problems and further studies.

著者

手塚 章

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.4, pp.617-625, 2012

---

In the first half of the twentieth century, the French school of geography was very famous around the world, based on the reputations of its leading geographers (Vidal de la Blache, Martonne, Demangeon, etc.). French geography in the early twenty-first century, however, shows rather different perspectives from the Vidalien tradition of geography. In this paper, I attempt to describe some recent directions of this new French geography, mainly from the end of the 1970s. I pay special attention to eight French geographers to indicate the strong points of the present French geography, <i>i.e.</i> R. Brunet, Y. Lacoste, P. Claval, J.-R. Pitte, A. Berque, J. Lévy, R. Knafou, and C. Grataloup. These geographers have contributed to the recent renewal of French geography, especially in the areas of regional geography (la géographie chorématique), geopolitics, cultural geography, geography of tourism, and historical geography. I also mention new aspects of French geographical education.

著者

相馬 清二

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.4, pp.204-217, 1975

被引用文献数

3 3

---

A violent fire-tornado has broken out at the former site of the Army Clothing Depot in combustion caused by the destructions of the Great Kanto Earthquake at 3.30 p.m. September 1, 1923. By this fire-tornado, about 40 thousand people have been burned to death in a moment. An interpretation that the fire-tornado has been caused by passage of a cold front has generally dominated academic circles in this field up to date. According to the detailed reexaminations, this interpretation included many inconsistencies. We could obtain recently the various data with respect to the fire-tornado which occurred in the last several years. From these data, it became clear that the fire-tornadoes often have occurred near a combustion area.<BR>An example which was the most similar with the fire-tornado at the former site of the Army Clothing Depot was found out in the combustion of Wakayama City by an air raid on July 9, 1945. 748 persons have been burned to death by the fire-tornado in this city.<BR>Finally, our study leads to the conclusion that the fire-tornado at the former site of the Army Clothing Depot was caused by the widespread great fire following the Great Kanto Earthquake. There was a cold front in northwestern direction of Tokyo, but it did not play the leading role for formation of the fire-tornado.

著者

斎藤 靖二 小出 良幸 高橋 啓一

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.107, no.6, pp.889-897, 1998-12-01

著者

高橋 啓一

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.107, no.6, pp.830-835, 1998-12-01

著者

井口 隆 大八木 規夫 諸星 敏一 高橋 博

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.4, pp.256-262_2, 1988-08-25 (Released:2011-02-17)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 1

著者

仰天子

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.6, pp.310-310, 1890