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1 0 0 0 OA 灘酒造家による商標の統一化と販売戦略の変化

著者: 大島朋剛
出版者: Business History Society of Japan
雑誌: 経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.43, no.2, pp.2_57-2_88, 2008 (Released:2012-02-11)
被引用文献数: 1 1

This paper clarifies the structure of the management development in prewar days of a large-scale brewer in Nada, Hyogo Prefecture, observing the source of the profit in the distribution process. Tatsuuma-Honke in Nishinomiya is adopted as an example. The way that should be and the change of the complicated Japanese sake distribution process are considered by an analysis which combined its sales market, sales strategy, and individual management. As a result, the following points were solved in this paper.First, it is confirmed that in the mid-1920s Tatsuuma-Honke established even in Tokyo the relation of maker predominance which was previously being developed in a local market. Although the company did not necessarily persist in its share reservation in the Tokyo market, without being bound by the monopoly right of the brand which remained among each wholesaler, it was meaningful to enable sales with the “Hakushika” brand which it specified itself.In process of the trademark establishment, the production of self-made sake increased and the raising of the bottom level of the quality was achieved. As a result, in Tatsuuma-Honke, it became possible to use a sales strategy which was further conscious of the brand's bottling sales. However, it was more important for Tatsuuma-Honke to internalize the structure which combined a sales method — undiluted sake dealing in a tun unit— called “Oka-Uri” with the opposite character of bottling, and carries out the hedge of the unsold risk. This also meant the possibility that the purchase of the undiluted sake from a minor-scale brewer would be demoted to the 2nd buffer for a large-scale brewer. This indication adds new knowledge to a simple understanding that the former specialized in Oke-Uri and the latter was based on sales of brand sake, as shown by the conventional history of research.The high profitability in the distribution process as the above-mentioned result relatively stabilized the brewing management of Tatsuuma-Honke in the depression of the 1920s. Such a case was just a pattern of the development which preceded the large-scale management in the prewar-days term of the Nada brewing industry.

2021-02-05 12:27:00
1 はてなブックマーク

1 0 0 0 OA 建設業・製造業の技術革新と高卒者の役割

著者: 大場隆広
出版者: Business History Society of Japan
雑誌: 経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.43, no.2, pp.2_30-2_56, 2008 (Released:2012-02-11)

The purpose of this article is to clarify roles of high school graduate workers in Japan from the 1950s to the early 1960s. In particular, I address the following questions: Did high school graduate workers play the same roles as junior high school graduate workers in factories? And, if they played different roles, how were their roles different from those of junior high school graduate workers?In post-war Japan, high school enrollment ratio substantially went up, which led to the increase of high school graduate workers. High school graduates had worked as engineers and white-collars until the 1950s, while junior high school graduates had worked as skilled blue-collar workers. As a result of the increase of high school graduates, they came to be employed as blue-collar workers. The primary goal of this article is to reveal the impact of high school graduate workers on the production and working systems.To make clear the impact, first, I examine questionnaire surveys and other documents. From these surveys and documents, I derive two hypotheses: One hypothesis is that high school graduate workers were employed as substitutions of junior high school graduate workers and thus simply took same roles as junior high school graduate workers. The other hypothesis is that high school graduates contributed to the development of production systems as workers suitable for dealing with new technology, equipment or machines and thus had different roles from junior high school graduate workers.Then, I confirm those hypotheses using the data and reports by the University of Tokyo on three major companies; Hazama-gumi, Ishikawajima Heavy Industries, and Toyo Koatsu Kogyo. All investigations and reports for this study were made in the 1950s or the early 1960s. After examining these data and reports, I statistically analyze whether high school graduate workers had a positive impact on factory's production by using quantitative data. Finally, I make a concluding statement on roles of high school graduate workers and their impact on production systems.

2021-02-05 12:27:00
1 はてなブックマーク

1 0 0 0 OA 石油化学産業における設備投資調整

著者: 平野創
出版者: Business History Society of Japan
雑誌: 経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.43, no.1, pp.1_29-1_55, 2008 (Released:2011-10-18)
被引用文献数: 2

The purpose of this paper is to describe how coordination of plant investment in the petrochemical industry by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) did not achieve its originally intended function.In 1967, MITI established a 300,000 ton standard for annual production of ethylene in order achieve economies of scale and strengthen international competitiveness. This standard sets the minimum size for new ethylene manufacturing facilities at annual production of 300,000 tons. In this way, MITI aimed to avoid overcapacity and consolidate investment. Part of the background behind establishing this standard was the ulterior motive of leading firms, who wished to block the entry of relatively weak latecomer firms.The intentions of MITI and the leading firms were realized comparatively well, based on the 300,000 ton standard, in initial coordination of plant investment. Facility construction was only approved for 5 companies, primarily leading firms. Furthermore, the scale of investment in the overall industry was restrained at a smaller scale than would have been the case had each firm invested freely.However, demand for petrochemical products subsequently increased more than expected, resulting in a situation different from that which was originally intended. In later coordination of plant investment, MITI concluded that it was necessary to construct more facilities to satisfy future demand, in response to the growth in demand at that time. Accordingly, new facility construction by 4 companies was gradually recognized. Due to growth in demand, MITI's policy of blocking the entry of latecomer firms lost its legitimacy. In the final phase, MITI recognized active construction of new facilities to match the increase in demand.

2021-02-05 12:27:00
1 はてなブックマーク

1 0 0 0 OA MCP-Na塩の処理時期の違いが水稲の生育収量に及ぼす影響

著者: 手塚光明宮島吉彦
出版者: 日本雑草学会
雑誌: 雑草研究 (ISSN:0372798X)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.23, no.2, pp.66-70, 1978-08-25 (Released:2009-12-17)
参考文献数: 11

多くの多年生雑草に有効な茎葉処理剤であるMCP-Na塩液剤の水稲の生育収量に及ぼす影響を明らかにするため, 出穂60日前 (-60日) から-5日までの処理について検討した。1) 穂数は-50日から-30日までの処理では減少し, その後は減少しなかった。一穂全籾数は全般に減少したが, -20日以降の処理で減少が著しかった。2) その結果, 単位面積当たり全籾数は全般に減少した。しかし, -30日までの5g処理ではこの全籾数の減少が登熟歩合と千粒重で補償されて, 減収しなかったが, -20日以後の処理では一穂全籾数の減少が大きく, 減収した。3) したがって, MCP-Na塩については, -30日までの5g処理を基準として多年生雑草に対する防除法を検討すべきであろう。