著者

中山 和美 乾 正雄 佐藤 仁人 國友 美希

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.2, pp.100-106, 2000-02-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1 2

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This study was conducted to clarify the difference in visual acuity and color recognition between the darker color eyes of Japanese and the fairer color eyes of Westerners at lower illuminance. A series of experiments were carried out in an experimental room in which the illuminance level could be changed. The parameters were the illuminance on a desk and the color of the subject's eyes. Ten illuminance levels, which increased geometrically from 0.001 to 30 lx, were used. The subjects comprised two groups having different eye colors. One group was made up of Japanese, who have dark eyes, and the other Europeans and North Americans with fair eyes. At each illuminance level, after 7 minutes for adaptation, each subject's visual acuity was tested using 4 types of color Landolt rings and color discrimination was tested using 12 different-color cards. The following results were obtained.(1) For a black Landolt ring on a white background, there was very little difference between the two groups' visual acuity.(2) For a green Landolt ring on a blue background, the visual acuity of the dark-eyes group was remarkably lower than that of the fair-eyes group.(3) In the color discrimination test, at an illumination of 1 lx or lower, the dark-eyes group confused colors more than the fair-eyes group.Accordingly, the differences in visual acuity and color discrimination between the two eye-color groups were only in color discrimination at lower illuminance.

著者

小林 茂雄 中村 芳樹 木津 努 乾 正雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.487, pp.33-41, 1996

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

7 6

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The brightness of a room interior can be roughly determined from its luminance. However, the luminance of a room interior is not even, but rather is an amalgam of high-luminance areas and low-luminance areas. In this research we intended to determine the effect of luminance distribution on brightness. First, we conducted a experiment to estimate the brightness of stimuli that are of the different luminance distribution. Next, a experiment that examined the relationship between the characteristics of luminance variations and brightness in interior environment was conducted. As a result, the brightness in a room interior depended not just on luminance of visual field but also on the distribution of field luminance, and that although luminance distribution that originates in the varying reflectance of walls and floors does not affect brightness to a great extent, the luminance distribution resulting from non-uniform lighting caused an interior to seem darker.

著者

中村 一樹 窪谷 直彦 小林 茂雄 中村 芳樹 乾 正雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. D, 環境工学 (ISSN:09150145)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1994, pp.1065-1066, 1994-07-25

著者

讃井 純一郎 乾 正雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.367, pp.15-22, 1986-09-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

被引用文献数

12 34

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Environmentel design can be taken as the cumulation of decision making. To make these decisions more successful and efficient, the goals of a design ought to be identified at each stage. We regard that the role of place evaluation research is to provide the knowledge of user's evaluation of a place for designers so that they can explore the optimum solution in a more systematic way. From the viewpoint of cognitive psychology, place evaluation can be taken as the degree to which a person sees a place as helping to achieve that person's goals on his/her cognitive system. Therefore, the goal of this research can be said as to provide a viable model of people's cognitive system associated with place evaluation. To achieve this goal, two requirements were set up. 1) The model should be of phenomenological knowledge of place evaluation, i.e. individual differences should not be disregarded. 2) The model should be a statistically condensed and tested representation of place evaluation. Based on G. A. Kelly's personal construct theory, the evaluation grid method was elaborated to satisfy the first requirement. In this paper, theoretical basis and implications of the method are discussed together with an example of the method applied on the living room evaluation.

著者

佐藤 仁人 乾 正雄

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.6, pp.275-284, 1993-06-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

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In recent years, windowless office spaces have increased remarkably, while problems related to windowless roomsremain to be solved.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of visual environment on human psychology and behavior in a windowless office space.This thesis consists of three Experiments which are stated below.In Experiment 1, using scale models, at first the psychological factor structure of the visual environment of a windowless control room, which is the typical windowless office room, are surveyed. Secondly the relationship between psychological factors and physical factors which constitute visual environment are examined.In Experiment 2, how the visual environment affect subjective appraisal and human behavior such as eye movement, task performance and behavior pattern, in windowless office spaces are disscussed, when subjects were at fundamental task in an actual sized experimental space.In Experiment 3, how visual environment and types of task affect human psychology and behavior such as subjective appraisal, task performance, behavior patterns in windowless office spaces are examined, when subjects took six types of task, which were chosen to take usual work at an office space into consideration, in the same experimental space.Summing up the results obtained above, we conclude that although the visual environment of the windowless office space have negative influence upon human psychology and behavior, they can be compensated by considering interior decoration and types of task.

著者

小林 茂雄 槙 究 乾 正雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.568, pp.25-31, 2003

被引用文献数

11 3

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This study has examined the attributes of safe-feeling street lighting through an experiment that used a scale model of residential streets. The results found in the experiment are summarized below. ・The intensity of lighting required for streets that does not give the feeling of insecurity was higher in scale with women compared to men. ・The intensity of lighting can be reduced in streets with good natural surveillance such as low fences and lights coming through windows. The effect of low illuminance by lights coming through windows was more prominent with low fences than high fences. ・ Footlights can keep the illuminance and luminance of the street down compared to pole lights on the whole. In addition, footlights are more energy efficient in streets with good monitoring properties, and pole lights are more energy efficient in streets with less monitoring properties.

著者

三原 正一 乾 正雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. 計画系

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.171-172, 1980-09-12

著者

梅干野 晁 乾 正雄 龍谷 光三

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

no.309, pp.115-126, 1981-11-30

被引用文献数

9

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都市における熱環境解析の第一段階として, 前報で物理的裏付けをはかった航空機リモートセンシングデータを用い, 夏季・晴日における住宅地の熱環境の実態を示した。さらに, 各種タイプの住宅地を中心にして, それらの熱環境を比較検討するとともに, 熱環境と土地被覆率との相関・回帰分析を行い, 両者の関連性を考察した。すなわち, 住宅地の熱環境要素である可視域と近赤外域の分光反射率, 昼と夜の表面温度などは, 住宅地のタイプと使用されている材料によって異なる, 材料も考慮した土地被覆の実態を知ることによって, それぞれの熱環境要素が回帰できる, ことなどを明らかにした。今後の問題としては, 熱環境の日変化, 季節変化の解析, さらに住宅地から一般の都市環境への拡張などがあげられよう。また本報ではMSSデータの解析の中で, 建物立面の補正など手作業によったが, 計算機による補正方法も検討する必要があると考える。おわりにあたり, 本研究は「財団法人 日本造船振興財団日本海洋総合学術診断プロジェクト」に参加して得られた成果の一環であることを記すとともに, 東京大学教授豊田弘道先生, ならびに愛甲敬氏をはじめとする財団の方々に感謝の意を表します。