著者

小林 茂雄 津田 智史

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.615, pp.65-71, 2007

被引用文献数

1

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This research examined the interpersonal distances from others desired by couples sitting on a hill by the sea. An investigation to observe the behavior of actual couples, and an experiment to assess their feelings were carried out in the early evening and the nighttime. In the results, the following points were demonstrated. 1) The closest distance the couples could allow others to approach was 2 to 3 meters in all directions, and the distance at which couples were not annoyed by others was about 5 meters in all directions, 2) When the distances with others were within about 5 meters, the time a couple stayed in their spot was affected by others. The effects were stronger when the others were in front of a couple or behind them in the nighttime. 3) When the distances from others were within 5 to 6 meters, the couple's intimate contact was affected by others. The distances were a little larger in the early evening than in the nighttime, and women preferred larger distances than men.

著者

津田 智史 小林 茂雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.609, pp.85-91, 2006

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of interpersonal distance from others on the emotions and behavior of couples staying along by the sea. An investigation to observe the behavior of actual couples, and an experiment to assess the opinions of the couples were carried out in the early evening and the nighttime. In the results, the following points were demonstrated. ・ Couples tended to stay together longer and more closely when the distance from others was large. This tendency appeared more strongly in the nighttime than in the early evening. Couples expected to maintain a private space of at least 2 to 3 meters on both sides. ・ Women tended to notice the proximity of others more in the early evening. This tendency was stronger when the others were groups of men rather than mixed male-female groups. ・ Generally in the evening, couples' behavior was not affected by the attributes of others. In some cases, couples moved even closer together when another couple approached than when no-one was near.

著者

伊地知 美知子 小田巻 淑子 小林 茂雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.4, pp.213-220, 2010-04-15 (Released:2012-12-13)

参考文献数

11

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between female students' attitudes toward body images and dressing ideas by compaing the results of two surveys which were conducted in 1992 and 2006 .Two hundred female university students who live in the metropolitan area filled out the questionnaire in 1992 and 2006,respectively.The main items of the questionnaire are the consciousness of their real and ideal body images,and the daily patterns of wearing clothes.These questionnaire data were analyzed by using statistical testing,factor analysis and Quantification Method Ⅲ. As to the female students' consciousness of their own body images,5 common factors which express stoutness,bust size,hipline level,height and shoulder slopes were extracted by factor analysis in 1992 and 2006,respectively.Two factors which express stoutness and bust size were different statistically between ideal and real body images.But the structure of factors indicated the same tendency in both 1992 and 2006.Among the factors from dressing ideas by Quantification Method Ⅲand the factors from body images by factor analysis, some correlations were found in 1992, but none were found in 2006.

著者

小林 茂雄 津田 智史

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.615, pp.65-71, 2007-05-30 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

---

This research examined the interpersonal distances from others desired by couples sitting on a hill by the sea. An investigation to observe the behavior of actual couples, and an experiment to assess their feelings were carried out in the early evening and the nighttime. In the results, the following points were demonstrated. 1) The closest distance the couples could allow others to approach was 2 to 3 meters in all directions, and the distance at which couples were not annoyed by others was about 5 meters in all directions, 2) When the distances with others were within about 5 meters, the time a couple stayed in their spot was affected by others. The effects were stronger when the others were in front of a couple or behind them in the nighttime. 3) When the distances from others were within 5 to 6 meters, the couple's intimate contact was affected by others. The distances were a little larger in the early evening than in the nighttime, and women preferred larger distances than men.

著者

小林 茂雄 小口 尚子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.605, pp.119-125, 2006

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

4 6 4

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of brightness and loudness of the background music on interpersonal communications in a cafe. An investigation to observe the conversational behavior of subjects, and an experiment to estimate suitability of lighting and sound environments for various behaviors were carried out under four different conditions. The principle results are summarized as follows. 1. Women tended to have more frequent eye contact than men under every condition. 2. Men tended to talk considerably under low illumination, and women tended to talk more under conditions of low sound volume. 3. Men tended to bend forward under high illumination, and women tended to bend forward under low illumination. 4. There were combined effects of illumination and music loudness on the evaluation of usage behaviors. For example, studying was appropriate in bright and quiet condition.

著者

小林 茂雄 津田 智史

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.623, pp.93-99, 2008-01-30 (Released:2008-10-31)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2 2

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The purpose of this research is to identify environmental factors related to the ease of borrowing a cigarette lighter from a stranger in a smoking area. An experiment was carried out in which subjects actually talked to ordinary smokers and borrowed lighters at smoking areas in Yokohama city. As a result, it was found that the ease of talking to a stranger corresponds almost exactly to the ease of entering the smoking area. The distance between the smoking area and the surrounding traffic, and the numbers of surrounding pedestrians were connected with the ease of borrowing behavior. The width of the entrance to the smoking area and the arrangement of benches, etc. were also related to the evaluation. The characteristics of suitable smoking areas for borrowing behavior were summarized into three main factors, that is, people can approach the place without feeling too conspicuous, smokers in the place seem not to have monopolized spaces, and the smoking area has a casual atmosphere which promotes interaction between people.

著者

小林 茂雄 小林 美紀

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.699, pp.403-410, 2014-05-30 (Released:2014-07-15)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 1

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This research examined staying behaviors in streets at midnight in Shibuya area, and evaluated sitting sensation of the outdoor elements continuously from 16:00 till 5:00 on the next day. The investigated results are summarized as follows.- The number of sitting people in the streets increased most at 23:00, and the sitting people's ratio to the people on the streets was the highest around 3:00 a.m. It was observed that people converted various interspaces produced by reduction in traffic or closing of shops into the comfortable staying spaces.- The outdoor elements evaluated that people could sit and talk or eat increased continuously from 23:00 to 5:00, and the elements evaluated that they could do such behaviors comfortably increased most at 23:00.- The possibility of supporting midnight staying behaviors based on the investigation and the interview was examined. It was considered effective to change the diversity steps close to the streets to the seating elements.

著者

小菅 啓子 井上 和子 富田 弘美 杉山 真理 小林 茂雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本繊維製品消費科学会

雑誌

繊維製品消費科学 (ISSN:00372072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.12, pp.640-651, 1993-12-25 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

10

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下着と上着の着用意識の関係, 並びに, 下着・上着の着用意識と社会心理的特性との関係を検討することを目的とし, 学生・OL・母親を対象に質問紙法により調査を行った.主な結果は次の通りである.(1) 下着・上着の着用意識について, それぞれ, 因子分析を行い各々8因子を抽出した.下着の因子は, コーディネイト志向, デザイン性, 規範意識, 機能性, 習慣性, 趣味嗜好性, 経済性, 着用感である.上着の因子は, ファッション志向, 多様嗜好, 心理安定感, 自己顕示, 個性化, 経済性, 外観性, 素材意識である.(2) 抽出された下着及び上着の着用意識の各因子間の相関を, 正準相関分析により解析した.下着の経済性の因子は, 上着の経済性, 多様嗜好性の因子との間に関連があり, 更に下着のコーディネイト志向の因子は, 上着の自己顕示, ファッション志向, 心理安定感, 素材意識との間に関連がある.(3) 下着・上着の着用意識と社会心理的特性の関係は, 双方の着用意識について, 自己顕示欲と好奇心との間に相関の有意性が認められた.(4) 被験者群の違いは, 下着の着用意識において, 母親は実用性, 学生は経済性を重視する傾向にあり, 上着の着用意識においては, 学生・OLは服装によって心理安定感を得, 母親は経済性や素材意識などの機能面を重視していることが認められた.更に, 社会心理的特性については, 学生は同調と情報欲求, OLは自己顕示欲, 母親は同調の各特性と, 下着の着用意識との間に相関の有意性が多く認められた.

著者

小林 茂雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.585, pp.7-12, 2004

被引用文献数

5 1

---

In this research, an experiment was conducted to evaluate lighting environments in a commercial street in different time zones when the shops were open and after they had closed. In the results, the evaluation of the lighting environment while shops were open was very high for shopping behavior etc., but the evaluation after the shops were closed was low for all usage behaviors. The evaluations of shopping behavior, feeling of security, and nuisances, etc. tended to be determined chiefly by the average luminance level of the street. Moreover, color and height of street lights, and strength and color of shops' internal illuminations were found to have a strong effect on relaxing scenery and atmospheric behaviors.

著者

津田 智史 小林 茂雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.609, pp.85-91, 2006-11-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of interpersonal distance from others on the emotions and behavior of couples staying along by the sea. An investigation to observe the behavior of actual couples, and an experiment to assess the opinions of the couples were carried out in the early evening and the nighttime. In the results, the following points were demonstrated. ・ Couples tended to stay together longer and more closely when the distance from others was large. This tendency appeared more strongly in the nighttime than in the early evening. Couples expected to maintain a private space of at least 2 to 3 meters on both sides. ・ Women tended to notice the proximity of others more in the early evening. This tendency was stronger when the others were groups of men rather than mixed male-female groups. ・ Generally in the evening, couples' behavior was not affected by the attributes of others. In some cases, couples moved even closer together when another couple approached than when no-one was near.

著者

小林 茂雄 津田 智史

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.623, pp.93-99, 2008-01-30

被引用文献数

2

---

The purpose of this research is to identify environmental factors related to the ease of borrowing a cigarette lighter from a stranger in a smoking area. An experiment was carried out in which subjects actually talked to ordinary smokers and borrowed lighters at smoking areas in Yokohama city. As a result, it was found that the ease of talking to a stranger corresponds almost exactly to the ease of entering the smoking area. The distance between the smoking area and the surrounding traffic, and the numbers of surrounding pedestrians were connected with the ease of borrowing behavior. The width of the entrance to the smoking area and the arrangement of benches, etc. were also related to the evaluation. The characteristics of suitable smoking areas for borrowing behavior were summarized into three main factors, that is, people can approach the place without feeling too conspicuous, smokers in the place seem not to have monopolized spaces, and the smoking area has a casual atmosphere which promotes interaction between people.

著者

長田 美穂 杉山 真理 小林 茂雄

出版者

日本繊維機械学会

雑誌

繊維機械学会誌 (ISSN:03710580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.11, pp.T193-T199, 1992-11-25 (Released:2009-10-27)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 1 8

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目的刺激対象を見慣れれば, その刺激対象に好感を抱くようになるという単純接触の効果が, 服装の印象の場合についても成り立つかどうかを検討することを目的とする.成果新奇な服装図版を刺激対象とした実験を通して, 「親しみやすい―親しみにくい」, 「好きな―嫌いな」の尺度には, 刺激の1回呈示条件ないし10回呈示条件よりも20回呈示条件において好感度が高くなり, 単純接触の効果が現われた.しかしながら, 「感じのよい―感じのわるい」の尺度には, 単純接触の効果は現われなかった.これらのことから服装の場合, 呈示回数が少なくとも10回を超えて20回近くになれば, 単純接触の効果がはっきりと現われることが明らかになった.このように, ただ単に何回も目にするだけで服装に対する好感度が高まってくることは, 服装の流行の採用動機の一つとして, 単純接触の効果が関与していることが考えられる.

著者

佐藤 悦子 梅澤 絹子 小林 茂雄

出版者

社団法人日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.59-68, 1998-01-15

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

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The purposes of this study are to investigate how the hemline widths of jeans affect the body movements of healthy persons when putting on and taking off jeans, and how they are related to wearing comfortability. In the experiment, four types of jeans with different hemline widths were used. The types were classified as middle-slim (S1), middle-straight (S2), roomy-straight (S3), and soft-middle-straight (S4). Subjects were 30 healthy female university students. They were classified into three groups by body size: large, medium and small. After videotaping the subjects putting on and taking off each type of jeans, each subject was required to answer a sensory evaluation sheet consisting of 21 items using the SD method. They were also asked which leg they mainly used in their daily activities. The results were as follows: 1) With regard to required time for putting on and taking off each type of jeans, significant differences were found among the types of hemline width. For putting on jeans, the longer the time required, the narrower the hemline width was. This was shown as follows: S1, S2&gtS3, S4. Particularly, the large body size group, showed remarkable differences. For taking off jeans, S1 showed significantly longer time, while the large body size group showed significantly longer time than other groups. 2) Concerning the sense of comfort in wearing, S2 and S3 types showed significant differences. Particularly, the small body size group gave the highest points to S2; the items, such as, "suberigayoi," "hadazawarinoyoi," and so on. 3) Regarding which leg is used to step into and out of jeans, it was confirmed that the different types of hemline widths did not affect which leg was used for the movement.

著者

小林 茂雄 中村 芳樹 木津 努 乾 正雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.487, pp.33-41, 1996

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

7 6

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The brightness of a room interior can be roughly determined from its luminance. However, the luminance of a room interior is not even, but rather is an amalgam of high-luminance areas and low-luminance areas. In this research we intended to determine the effect of luminance distribution on brightness. First, we conducted a experiment to estimate the brightness of stimuli that are of the different luminance distribution. Next, a experiment that examined the relationship between the characteristics of luminance variations and brightness in interior environment was conducted. As a result, the brightness in a room interior depended not just on luminance of visual field but also on the distribution of field luminance, and that although luminance distribution that originates in the varying reflectance of walls and floors does not affect brightness to a great extent, the luminance distribution resulting from non-uniform lighting caused an interior to seem darker.

著者

小林 茂雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.637, pp.271-276, 2009-03-30 (Released:2009-11-24)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

5 7

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The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of vivid colored lighting on appetite for food. The experiments were carried out to observe subjects' evaluations of various dishes illuminated with vivid colored lights in a room assumed to be a restaurant. The results of the experiments are summarized as follows.1. Appetite tended not to decrease when the food was illuminated with colors similar to those of the food. It was thought that this was because the food color did not change to any great extent.2. Appetite for food with plural colors tended to decrease more than was the case for monochrome foods. It was thought that this was because the color balance of the food with plural colors was easily changed by the colored lights.3. Appetite tended to be maintained at a constant level when the temperature of the food corresponded to the warm/cool image of the colored lights. On the other hand, appetite tended to decrease when the above two factors did not correspond.4. When the food was illuminated with blue and green lights, the appetite of women tended to be lower than that of men.

著者

白壁 彦夫 碓井 芳樹 根来 孝 大橋 泰之 梁 承茂 韓 東植 松川 正明 小林 茂雄 丸山 俊秀

出版者

医学書院

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-25, 1986-01-25

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要旨 うまく二重造影すると,潰瘍性病変を変形でとらえるので,変形学が登場した.全体の変形は,胃,大腸など,それぞれに,また,局所の変形は全腸管に普遍的に使うことを,まず,述べた.そして,変形を使って検査,読影,診断するコツを全腸で比較した.更に,比較診断学の展開を虚血症候群について,X線所見の分析と総合の手法で行い,比較診断学の効果を述べた.二重造影法も,機能と二重造影のアベックの動きがある.

著者

小林 茂雄 中嶋 聡 小林 美紀

出版者

一般社団法人 日本デザイン学会

雑誌

デザイン学研究 (ISSN:09108173)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.2_103-2_110, 2014-09-30 (Released:2014-10-25)

参考文献数

24

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本研究は、視覚を完全に遮断した空間で協同造形作業を行う際、どのような対人協力行動やコミュニケーション効果が得られるかを実験的に検討した。幼稚園児から大学生までの被験者実験で得られた主な結果を以下にまとめる。 1)暗闇では明所の作業に比べ、声が大きく、発話量が増える傾向にあった。暗闇では初対面同士でも発話が増えることと、小学生以下の低年代の方が声が大きく発話が増える傾向にあった。 2)暗闇では明所に比べ、他者との協同作業が顕著に観察された。協同作業が、低年代では身体接触によって、高校生以上の高年代では言語によるコミュニケーションによって、より活性化されていた。 3)暗闇での協同作業は困難であったと被験者に評価されたものの、視覚が働かないことの非日常性による楽しさや、他者と躊躇なく関われるなどの対人行動に対する障壁の低さが言及された。

著者

早崎 峯夫 大石 勇 小林 茂雄 久米 清治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医師会

雑誌

日本獣医師会雑誌 (ISSN:04466454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.8, pp.417-418, 1973-08-20 (Released:2011-06-17)

参考文献数

8

著者

富田 弘美 中川 隆子 小菅 啓子 小林 茂雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本繊維製品消費科学会

雑誌

繊維製品消費科学 = Journal of the Japan Reseach Association for textile end-uses (ISSN:00372072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.12, pp.54-63, 1998-12-25

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

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社会人男性の生活場面における服装意識と生活意識の特徴及び関連性について20代と40~50代を対象に質問紙法により調査を行った.主な結果は次の通りである.<BR>(1) 服装意識について20代は職場では個性を重視した服装, 余暇では外出時の服装に関心がみられ, 40~50代は職場では規範意識を持ち機能的な仕事着を必要としている.<BR>(2) 生活意識について20代は家庭中心の人付き合いや積極的に余暇を過ごすなど個人を尊重している.40~50代は地域社会を背景とした人付き合いをし, 伝統的な社会ルールを受容している.<BR>(3) 服装意識と生活意識の関連性についてそれぞれ因子分析をした結果, 抽出された各因子の関連性を正準相関分析により解析した.職場の服装意識では規範性が低く, スーツ着用や仕事着の必要性に対して否定的な層は, 生活意識では余暇の過ごし方は積極的だが仕事に対しては消極的であった.また職場での服装の規範性が高く, 余暇の服装に興味の少ない層は, 生活意識では個人尊重や人付き合いの因子間に関連がみられ, いずれも消極的であった.さらに冠婚葬祭の服装や家庭での服装の因子は, 生活意識の個人尊重, 慶弔行事への考えの因子間に関連がみられた.

著者

中村 一樹 窪谷 直彦 小林 茂雄 中村 芳樹 乾 正雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. D, 環境工学 (ISSN:09150145)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1994, pp.1065-1066, 1994-07-25