著者

古田 悦造

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

地理学評論 Ser. A (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.10, pp.663-673, 1985-10-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

29

---

Japanese agriculture in the Edo period substantially depended on the fish fertilizer. In every agrarian village in those days land was continuously cultivated without fallow and fertilizer application was necessary to maintain the soil fertility. As the grass fertilizer from woodlands was limited, a demand for fish fertilizer expanded. Sardine fisheries developed along the south and east coast of the Kanto District, where existed many wholesalers specialized in sardine fertilizers. Particularly such wholesalers in Edo and Uraga played a very important role in the distribution of the fish fertilizer. Uraga, located on a small bay of Miura Peninsula just across from Boso Peninsula, was an important port of transit, where wholesalers played a crucial role transferring dried sardines for Kamigata (Kyoto and its vicinities). Their activities, however, were subject to the influence of the larger wholesalers in Edo. The anther analized the transformation of trade areas of fish fertilizer wholesalers in Uraga during the latter half of the Edo period. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In the early Edo period Uraga wholesaler's collection area of sardines spread widely along the Pacific coast from the northernmost province of Mutsu to Izu Peninsula. In the mid-Edo period, however, it became restricted to some villages in Boso Peninsula. In the late Edo period a small fishing village of Katsuura in Kazusa Province of the Peninsula was the only place to supply Uraga wholesalers with sardines. 2. Competition with wholesalers in Edo was the main cause of the decline. When the new fishing gears (beach seine) appeared in Boso Peninsula, wholesalers in Edo were easily able to supply fishermen with fund reguired to materialize such advancement, thus expanding their control over the fishery. Uraga wholesalers being unable to compete with the Edo wholesalers in extending fund, their sphere of collection became restricted to minor fishing areas where primitive fishing gears such as pair boat lift net were still used. Furthermore, some feudal lords began to buy fish fertilizers for their peasants directly from producers. 3. While Uraga wholesaler's major market was Kamigata in the early Edo period, it shifted in the later period to the nearer districts such as Sagami and Owari Provinces (the present-day Kanagawa and Aichi Prefectures, respectvely). The central part of Sagami, where the fish fertilizer began to be used in the 1730s, became the market of Uraga because of its accessibility. As for the Province of Owari, the feudal lord preferred to use his ships carrying fish fertilizers on their return trips.

著者

古田 悦造

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.5, pp.408-426, 1990-10-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

76

被引用文献数

1 1

---

In Omi province, fish manure had been brought into use for the maintenance of soils since the early Edo period, and the kind of fish manure changed from sardine, to herring in the middle of the 18th century. This paper tries to investigate factors bringing about that change by focussing on the relationship between the production, distribution and consumption of fish manure. In other words, an attempt is made to clarify the regional structure of the nodal system connecting the fishing regions with the agricultural regions through the distribution of fish manure.The main results of this paper are summarized as follows:1) In agricultural regions in Omi province, dominant use of fish manure since the early Edo period was caused by the decrease of grass manure based upon the exploitation of new plowlands. Furthermore, the kind of fish manure changed from sardine to herring in the middle of the 18th century. This conversion was due to both the changes of economic conditions in the production regions of the fish manure and the introduction of new fishing manure in agricultural regions in Kanto district.2) Rapid exploitation of plowlands in Kanto district in the 18th century required great amounts of fish manure. Therefore, the quantity of the fish manure which was transported from Kanto to Kansai greatly decreased, and the fish manure for use in Omi province was transported from the remote Ezo area where the production of herring manure was dominant. In Omi province, fish manure was transported via Osaka-port or Yokkaichi-port in Ise province, from Kanto till the middle of the 18th century, and after that period through Tsuruga-port in Wakasa province from the Ezo area.3) Many wholesellers of fish manure were located in the southeast district in Omi province. This was because a large amount of fish manure was widely used in the southeast where tea production prevailed due to geographical conditions, i. e., moderate humidity, slope and height. Tea produced there was consumed in Hokuriku district.

著者

古田 悦造

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.20-29, 1985-06-25 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

13

---

During the Edo Era many fishermen emigrated from Kansai to Kanto District, especially for fishing sardines, and some of them formed fishing villages there. Main purpose of this paper is to clear the transformations of these areas and then to analize these factors. In particular, the auther paid attention to the following three points: the fishing method, the relationships between the fishermen and the wholesalers dealt with dried sadines as fertilizer, and the ways of getting the fishing or business informations.The summaries of this research are as follows:1. The transformations of fishing areas by fishermen emigrated from Kansai District are divided into three periods according to the heavy or poor catch: the developing period (1555-1677), the diffusing period (1678-1725) and the migrating period (1726-1815). In the first period, they were fishing along the rocky coast in Kanto District. In the second period, their fishing area expanded to the sandy coast as well as the rocky coast, and during the last period they migrated to the rocky coast again and formed their fishing villages.2. The shore seine in the sandy coast needed many fishermen and they were engaged in the various parts. Another side, in the rocky coast, the fishermen used the pair-boats lift net. Judging the fishing gears and the changes of the fishing areas, there are two types of areas. Namely, one is the shore seine type in sandy coast and the pair-boats lift net type in rocky coast.3. In the area of the former type, the fishermen came there in small groups and took the higher position among the fishermen. On the other hand, in that of the latter type the fishermen came there in large groups. The area of the latter corresponded with the collecing area of the wholesalers at Uraga in the easternpart of Miura Peninsula. Generally, the fishermen got the fishing or commercial informations in Kanto District from another fishermen who had come there before.

著者

吉田 敏弘 石井 英也 松村 祝男 吉田 敏弘 林 和生 小野寺 淳 小倉 眞 松村 祝男 小倉 眞 古田 悦造 林 和生 野間 晴雄 小野寺 淳 松尾 容孝 原田 洋一郎

出版者

国学院大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

---

文化財保護法や景観法に基づく文化的景観の保全事業実施にあたり、保全対象となる文化的景観の選定にあたっては、文化的景観のAuthenticityを学術的・客観的に評価する必要がある。本研究では、「一関本寺の農村景観」と「遊子水荷浦の段畑」を主たる事例として、景観の価値評価を試行し、次のような5つのステップから成る基礎調査が有効であると判断した。(1)明治初期地籍図などに記録された伝統的景観の特質の解明、(2)伝統的景観(地籍図)と現景観との精密な比較、(3)近代以降の景観変化の過程とメカニズムの解明(土地利用パターンや作物、地割など)、(4)伝統的な景観要素残存の背景を地域の社会・経済・文化的側面から考察、(5)現景観の活用可能性の考察と保全の方向性の提示。なお、上記の作業をヴィジュアルに活用するため、GISの導入と時系列統合マップの構築が有効であることも確認した

著者

古田悦造著

出版者

古今書院

巻号頁・発行日

1996