著者

桐原 奈津 坂西 友秀

出版者

埼玉大学教育学部

雑誌

埼玉大学紀要 〔教育学部〕 教育科学 (ISSN:03879321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.55-80, 2003

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Sixty-eight female and 57 male undergraduate students were asked to fill in a questionnaire about their attitudes and responses toward sexual minorities (homosexual men, lesbians, and bisexuals). In Japan, many people have gender stereotypes. Gender stereotypes make students expect that both men and women will behave in line with their sexual roles. The attitudes and responses of the participants in this study toward the behavior of the minorities tend to be negative because of the large discrepancy between the expected behaviors patterns for sexual minorities and the actual patterns. We predicted that male and female students would attribute more negative traits such as indecisive, strange, and slender to the sexual minorities, and have negative reactions to them when they come out. The results were as follows: In general, male students have stronger tendencies to stress gender than female students, and were more negative to sexual minorities coming out. Participants tended not to recognize legal marriages between sexual minorities. The students with strong traditional orientations for male-centered human relations had more conservative attitudes toward the minorities than the students with weak traditional orientations. The results were discussed from the viewpoint of gender stereotypes and prejudice against minorities.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

埼玉大学教育学部

雑誌

埼玉大学紀要. 教育学部 = Journal of Saitama University. Faculty of Education (ISSN:18815146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.331-354, 2017

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This study is the first half of a series of studies. One of the purposes of this paper is to overview the historical transition process of discrimination and prejudice about race / ethnicity. The second objective is to show that the essential cause of discrimination and prejudice is not being in biological differences and features but social and cultural creation. Therefore, the contents and aspects of discrimination and prejudiceare changing dramatically according to the times. The first part (I) briefly traced the realities of race and ethnic discrimination and prejudice based on the slavery system and historical facts of black liberation. The abolition of slavery in the United States was attained at the end of the hardship as a result of overcoming the “racial conflict” and social movement. Nonetheless, even in the 1950s, the actual state of black discrimination was prevalent in society. The development of the civil rights movement clearly showed that race, ethnic discrimination, prejudice exists strictly in society. Even now at the time of the 21st century, discrimination and prejudice remain in front of us as a serious problem. In the discussion, first, in Chapter 1, we clarified the history of overseas racial / ethnic discrimination and prejudice according to the following contents. 1 Ethnic discrimination and prejudice in the world, (1) Introduction, (2) Slavery and racial discrimination, (3) Modern race discrimination and apartheid, (4) Racial discrimination education under apartheid, (5) Black image, (6) Classification of race, (7) Race ninth actuality, (8) The origin of race is the same, (9) Differences in physical characteristics by race, (10) Symbolized “Black man” Sambo. “In the second chapter, we examined historically the problems of racial / ethnic discrimination and prejudice in Japan, in relation to the Pacific War / Defeat. The contents of the discussion are as follows. 2 Ethnic discrimination and prejudice in Japan, (1) Discrimination and prejudice as “inaccessible people”, (2) Forced entrainment of Koreans and discrimination and prejudice, (3) Opening and “Caucasian” and “Black” stereotype, (4) Social background of the birth of a “mixed-blooded child”, (5)Survey on actual condition of ‘Mixed child’, (6) Schooling and racial discrimination and prejudice of ‘mixed-blooded child’.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

埼玉大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2003

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研究は、次の3点に焦点を当てて行った。(1)「人種ステレオタイプの経年変化を明らかにするために、1998年と2006年の学生の実験データを比較し、分析した。その結果、依然として多くの実験参加者は、伝統的な「人種」ステレオタイプを強く持っていた。「人種」デフォルメされた絵本「ちびくろさんぼ」の挿絵を5割の実験参加者が好み、ストーリーにふさわしい絵として選択した。また、1998年の実験では、年齢の高い社会人は学生に比べ、「人種」ステレオタイプを強く持つことが明らかになった。学生では、1998年と2006年の間に「人種」ステレオタイプの有意な減少は認められなかった。(2)日本における「人種」「民族」差別・偏見の歴史的背景を、社会心理学の視点から考察した。民族差別・偏見と民族のアイデンティティ形成の問題は、日本の旧植民地韓国における「創氏改名」を取りあげ分析を行った。また、日本の「黒人」差別の問題は、戦後の日本人女性とアメリカ人兵士の問に生まれた「混血児」問題を取りあげて分析を行った。(3)現代のマイノリティに対する偏見は、「障害者」に対する態度の調査を実施し分析を行った。ほとんどの学生は、自らはマイノリティに対して差別することはなく、偏見も持っていないと回答した。しかし、社会一般の人は、マイノリティに対して差別し、偏見を持つと回答する割合が高かった。これらの結果を統合し、心理-歴史的視点から、現代日本の「人種」「民族」ステレオタイプと偏見の形成過程と現状を報告書にまとめた。

著者

桐原 奈津 坂西 友秀

出版者

埼玉大学教育学部

雑誌

埼玉大学紀要 〔教育学部〕 教育科学 (ISSN:03879321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.121-141, 2003

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

埼玉大学教育学部

雑誌

埼玉大学紀要. 教育学部. 教育科学 = Journal of Saitama University. Science of education (ISSN:03879321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.1-17, 1990

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.105-115, 1995

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rights: 日本社会心理学会 rights: 本文データは学協会の許諾に基づきCiNiiから複製したものである relation: isVersionOf: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110002785269This study has the following two aims. First, it is aimed at investigating the effect of a victim's coping style with bullying with regard to resolving bullying problems. Second, it is aimed at exploring long term effects of bullying on a victim. The main results of the first part of this study were as follows: 1. The active reaction of victim's to the assailant increased the rate of improvement or complete resolution of the bullying problem. When a victim asked somebody (for example, his/her school mates, family, teacher, or all of the above) to help, the results indicated improvement or complete resolution. However, no resistance by a victim increased the possibility of continuing bullying. 2. Bullied experiences have long term influences on a victim in various ways such as physical, active, social, and psychological. In the second study, the victim's self-perception and his/her perception of other victims concerning the long term influence of bullying were compared. The victim's self-evaluation was significantly smaller than his/her evaluation of other victims. These results were analysed from victim's defensive attitude, and differences in perception between actor and observer.

著者

坂西 友秀 大沢 広子

出版者

埼玉大学教育学部

雑誌

埼玉大学紀要. 教育学部. 教育科学 = Journal of Saitama University. Science of education (ISSN:03879321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.15-38, 1989

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We hypothesized that picture books reflect authors' attitude and values common in our society. In order to test this hypothesis, we examined one hundred books. In 1987, among 5 libraries examined, these books were the most popular among children. We analysed the contents of these books, focusing on the sex roles assigned to characters.In general, both male and female characters were frequently assigned traditional sex roles, or had male-centric interpersonal relationships. The main results are as follows.1) Most frequently, the characters are animals which act like persons.2) Most of the leading characters are male.3) Most male adults are workers, and most female adults are housewives.4) In all the scenes, boys are playing outdoors. Though -in some scenes girls are playingoutdoors, in other scenes they are playing with dools in rooms.5) Generally, males use rough language, but females use polite language.we consider that the books clearly reflect the authors' attitudes and values towards sex roles, and discussed the way this could encourage sex discrimination.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

埼玉大学教育学部

雑誌

埼玉大学紀要 〔教育学部〕 教育科学 (ISSN:03879321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.73-95, 2002

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We conducted research on the interactions and relations between Japan and European countries from the 16th to 18th centuries by analyzing diaries, old writings, and old manuscripts with the following perspectives:1. The Japanese perspective on both Westerners and Blacks before National Isolation.2. The Japanese perspective on Blacks before National Isolation.3. The Japanese perspective on both Westerners and Blacks during the Era of National Isolation. Shogun Toyotomi Hideyoshi was very surprised and delighted to see the gorgeous parade of missionaries who were sent to Japan by the vice president oflndia in 1590 as the Portuguese delegation. In the late 16th Century, the Shogun banished foreign missionaries in order to eliminate their work in Japan, but he continued trade between Japan and Portugal. In general, foreign people who stayed in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries tended to give a poor impression to Japanese citizens. The Japanese watched them everywhere as they were very different from the Japanese. They looked strange to the Japanese, spat even in the houses, walked in the houses with their boots on, ate beef, and did many other things that appeared strange to the Japanese. Most Japanese considered Westerners to be ill mannered and prudish because much of their conduct conflicted with Japanese culture. People living in Nagasaki, which was one of the most important port towns at that time, feared the foreign traders would buy Japanese women and children to sell as slaves to other Asian and Western countries. Blacks were regarded as slaves, and looked down on as inferior people by the Japanese. The people of the port town might already have had ethnic stereotypes toward Blacks in the 16th century. It was not until the end of the Edo era that problems concerning trade, military, and foreign affairs become important psycho-historical background factors influencing relations between Japanese and Westerners.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

埼玉大学教育学部

雑誌

埼玉大学紀要. 教育学部. 教育科学 = Journal of Saitama Univerity. Faculty of Education. Science of Education (ISSN:03879321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.73-95, 2002

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We conducted research on the interactions and relations between Japan and European countries from the 16th to 18th centuries by analyzing diaries, old writings, and old manuscripts with the following perspectives:1. The Japanese perspective on both Westerners and Blacks before National Isolation.2. The Japanese perspective on Blacks before National Isolation.3. The Japanese perspective on both Westerners and Blacks during the Era of National Isolation. Shogun Toyotomi Hideyoshi was very surprised and delighted to see the gorgeous parade of missionaries who were sent to Japan by the vice president oflndia in 1590 as the Portuguese delegation. In the late 16th Century, the Shogun banished foreign missionaries in order to eliminate their work in Japan, but he continued trade between Japan and Portugal. In general, foreign people who stayed in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries tended to give a poor impression to Japanese citizens. The Japanese watched them everywhere as they were very different from the Japanese. They looked strange to the Japanese, spat even in the houses, walked in the houses with their boots on, ate beef, and did many other things that appeared strange to the Japanese. Most Japanese considered Westerners to be ill mannered and prudish because much of their conduct conflicted with Japanese culture. People living in Nagasaki, which was one of the most important port towns at that time, feared the foreign traders would buy Japanese women and children to sell as slaves to other Asian and Western countries. Blacks were regarded as slaves, and looked down on as inferior people by the Japanese. The people of the port town might already have had ethnic stereotypes toward Blacks in the 16th century. It was not until the end of the Edo era that problems concerning trade, military, and foreign affairs become important psycho-historical background factors influencing relations between Japanese and Westerners.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.105-115, 1995-12-15 (Released:2016-12-04)

被引用文献数

4

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This study has the following two aims. First, it is aimed at investigating the effect of a victim's coping style with bullying with regard to resolving bullying problems. Second, it is aimed at exploring long term effects of bullying on a victim. The main results of the first part of this study were as follows: 1. The active reaction of victim's to the assailant increased the rate of improvement or complete resolution of the bullying problem. When a victim asked somebody (for example, his/her school mates, family, teacher, or all of the above) to help, the results indicated improvement or complete resolution. However, no resistance by a victim increased the possibility of continuing bullying. 2. Bullied experiences have long term influences on a victim in various ways such as physical, active, social, and psychological. In the second study, the victim's self-perception and his/her perception of other victims concerning the long term influence of bullying were compared. The victim's self-evaluation was significantly smaller than his/her evaluation of other victims. These results were analysed from victim's defensive attitude, and differences in perception between actor and observer.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.53-63, 1997-09-30 (Released:2016-12-13)

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In the first study, subjects of two groups read a news item reporting about an 'infant murder' with experts comments. One group received comments stressing the intent of the infant to commit murder (Intent comment), the other, comments emphasizing parents' responsibility for taking care of the child (Parents comment). Subjects of the control group read the item without comments. Each subject of the three groups was randomly assigned to receive either the high or low source credibility conditions (Credibility conditions). The main effects of comments, and comments × source credibility interaction effects were significant. In the low source credibility conditions, comments had no effects on subjects' causal judgments. However, in high source credibility condition, Intent comment made subjects attribute the strongest responsibility to the infant of the three comments conditions. In the second study, subjects read the news with Intent comment paired with Parents comment. They made intermediate attributions between Intent comment and Control conditions. Importance of source credibility of mass media and expert comment focusing on intent of the person concerned were discussed.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

埼玉大学教育学部

雑誌

埼玉大学紀要. 教育学部 = Journal of Saitama University. Faculty of Education (ISSN:18815146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.155-182, 2019

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This paper has clarified the current situation of depopulated local communities through interviews and case studies. This paper also used the individual case studies as an analysis material to illustrate the regional change and the painful situation today. In order to maintain the local community, it was demonstrated based on the cases that the creative power of young people and the autonomous group (Seinen Dan) activities rooted in the area are essential. Furthermore, the youth deepens their own inner world through their autonomous collective activities and interaction with residents in the community. In the discussion, they suggested that by acting in the local area, they formed their own social identity and grew mentally.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

埼玉大学教育学部

雑誌

埼玉大学紀要. 教育学部 = Journal of Saitama University. Faculty of Education (ISSN:18815146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.135-154, 2019

著者

坂西 友秀 尾崎 啓子 吉川 はる奈 細渕 富夫

出版者

埼玉大学教育学部

雑誌

埼玉大学紀要. 教育学部 = Journal of Saitama University. Faculty of Education (ISSN:18815146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.49-67, 2016

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In this paper, we report the every day life of the studentes and the educational practices of the teachers in Vourrela School Home (corectional education facility) which locaed near the Helsinki . A purpose of this report is to offer a Finish document about correctional education to examine juvenile problems, correction education, and school education in Japan. In Finland, they does not have the Juvenile Act, and there is not the concept of “the fear criminal”, too. The age of legal adulthood is 18 years old, and the young age division is different from Japan, A basic idea of the correction education is to let a child come back to the normal life through education of improvement, the rebirth of himself. Daily work of the home is to aim at making a normal life through taking a class (education) at school and the communal living in the dormitory in facilities. The dormitory of home is completely equipped with a private room while being based on cooperative living. The Schoool Home respects human rights and independence of each student. It is common not only in a correction educational facility to make much of the human rights of the child and small individual guidance, but also in an elementary school, in a junior high school, and in a high school. Furthermore, the respect for human rights is the base of education, which is common to North European welfar state. There seem to be fact that most children were treated to enter this facility by delinquency. Although Finland is a country of the welfare, the problem of youth is an important social problem. Though juvenile problems often occurs, there is much less number of the people of confinement of Finland than that of Europe and America. Until end of the World War II, a confinement rate of Finland was approximately 4 times of other Nordic countries, and there was no difference in confinement rate in Finland and in European countries. After having joined the Nordic Council in 1956, the confinement rate of Finland (to a population of 100,000 the confinement number of people) decreases throughout.The confinement rate is not proportional to the number of the outbreak of the crime of the country simply. It is strongly related with a confinement rate of the country to guarantee democracy, economic equality, cultural equality and enough social welfare services. The confinement rate of Japan is approximately equal to that of Nordic countries, but after the early 1990s, the confinement rate of Japan increase steadily. When I think about correction education of Japan, it is necessary to pay more attention to the factors concerning the respect for human rights, an economic difference, improvement of social welfare and the gender equality. Both correctional education and school education of Finland offer a useful viewpoint to us. For the general consideration, I examined correction education of youth from two viewpoints of social welfare and the comeback to normal life.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.4, pp.403-414, 1994-12-30 (Released:2013-02-19)

参考文献数

31

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In a first study, teachers were asked to nominate the students who had either egoistic or altruistic charachteristics in their thinking and behavior in their everyday lives. The students chosen by the teachers completed the questionnaires concerning egoistic or altruistic thinking and behavior. The major findings were as follows; 1. Considerable discrepancies were found among the chosen students. 2. As for self-evaluation, the “egoistic students” considered themselves to be less egoistic than did the “altruistic” and “other students”. These results could be seen as reflecting the immaturity of the psycho-social skills of the egoistic students as compared to the altruistic students. The second study was carried out to prove the above assumption. Questionnaires about the social and psychological skill of the students were distributed to the teachers. After analysing the results, the assumption proved to he accurate. The results also indicated that it was more difficult for the teachers to discover the underlying causes behind the behaviors of “egoistic” students than those behind the “altruistic” students.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

埼玉大学教育学部

雑誌

埼玉大学紀要. 教育学部 = Journal of Saitama University. Faculty of Education (ISSN:18815146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.85-119, 2015

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Ishigaki Island is located in Okinawa prefecture. A few decades ago, Okinawa prefecture was independent country from Japan as Ryukyu Kingdom. Ryukyu was established in the fifteenth century. The emperor of Ryukyu Kingdom visited the king of Ch’ing of China and took an oath to subordinate to him. China was the Suzerain of Ryukyu Kingdom. The king of Ryukyu pay a tribute to the Edo Shogun, Ieyasu TOUGAWA, too. TOUGAWA Shogun (General TOKUGAWA) forced Satsuma feudal clan, feudal lord Shimazu, to attack the Ryukyu kingdom, and to force obedience to Tokugawa Shogun. This is why Ryukyu king took a long journey to Edo as a ceremonial tribute paid to the Tokugawa court. The Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) changed the fate of Ryukyu conclusively. After the war, Japan reigned the Ryukyu kingdom. Japanese government in Meiji era incorporated the Ryukyu kingdom into Japanese country, which was newly called Okinawa prefecture. In nineteenth century, Japanese Army invaded the northern part of Asia, and expanded the Japanese colonies. In the middle of the nineteenth century, Japanese army power were declined, and defeated everywhere in the whole area of East Asia. Allied force, especially American troops concentrated their attack to the main land of Japan. Japanese government and Army had no equipment to protect the main land against the Allies. Okinawa was the first battle field, and ultimate most important protect wall for the government to keep time for defending Japanese mainland. Unconditional surrender of Japan, Okinawa had been conquered by Allies, America, till 1972. Japanese government realized the return of Okinawa prefecture to Japan. After the World War II, people of the islands and demobilization soldier suffered economic distress and difficulty of everyday life. Development of the “Yaeyama Islands” and pioneer emigrants began at that time. In spite of destruction by the war, traditional culture of Ryukyu are now inherited, succeeded and enriched by the youth. Though the life of the youth in islands aren’t so easy, they enjoy their everyday life and make efforts to create attractive activities. Now, the problem of the territory of Senkaku Islnds has been occurred between Japan and China. It is inevitable for us to know the historical processes profoundly, if we want to understand deeply the local reality, today.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

埼玉大学教育学部

雑誌

埼玉大学紀要. 教育学部. 教育科学(IV) = Journal of Saitama University. Science of education (ISSN:03879321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.45-99, 1997

著者

千葉 悦子 岩崎 由美子 浅野 かおる 坂西 友秀

出版者

福島大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2008

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国際結婚が日本と比較して20年遅れる韓国において、結婚移民者に対する社会的統合策に大きく転換した社会的背景と施策の有効性について、全羅北道鎮安郡・長水郡多文化家族支援センターの事例調査分析をとおして考察した。韓国文化への適応教育や韓国語学習など同化主義的性格が濃いものの、母国語の講師・通訳等の就労の場づくりや営農やコンピューター等の技能習得による就労自立支援、遠隔地に居住する者への訪問教育など結婚移民者のニーズにもとづく学習・指導援助が積極的に展開され、結婚移民者農山村への定住に寄与していることが明らかとなった。

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

埼玉大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2000

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研究の第部では、15世紀から19世紀末までの西洋人と黒人に対する日本人の人種ステレオタイプに関する歴史的、心理的過程について検討した。港町に住む人々は、16世紀にはすでに黒人に対する人種ステレオタイプをもっていたかもしれない。貿易、軍事、海外の事件に関わる諸問題は、江戸時代の末になって初めて、日本人と西洋人との間の関係に影響を及ぼす重要な心理、歴史的背景要因になった。明治末期から、心理学専門の学会誌として発行された「心理研究」をとりあげ、内容分析を行った。その結果、日本民族・人種の改良を説く「優生学」的な論文が多く出されており、人種や民族への関心が極めて強かったことがわかる。西洋人に対する憧憬と侮蔑の二面をもちながら、西洋人並みに日本民族を優良化することが重要課題であった。研究の第二部では、セクシャル・マジョリティのセクシャル・マイノリティに対する態度と反応を吟味した。異性愛者は、同性愛者特にホモ・セクシャルの人に対して強い否定的な感情を抱く割合が高かった。また、日本人の成人の人種ステレオタイプと偏見を、絵本の挿絵から抜き出した(ちびくろ)サンボに対する彼等の反応を分析することによって明らかにした。つまり黒人の子どもに対しては、知的ではなく、文化的でもなく、責任感もないといった印象を強くもっている人が多かった。これらの研究は、今日、多くの日本人が、マイノリティや人種集団に対してステレオタイプや偏見をもっていることを示唆するものである。