著者

金堀 哲也 山田 幸雄 會田 宏 島田 一志 川村 卓

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.133-147, 2014 (Released:2014-06-13)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

6 2

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the viewpoint of a well-experienced baseball coach when evaluating batting skills using kinematics indices. Method: First, three baseball coaches evaluated sixteen baseball players in their own teams. The players were divided subjectively into a first superior (FG) group and a second superior (SG) group according to batting ability. Next, the hitting motion of all sixteen players was captured using a VICON system (9 cameras, 250 Hz). We measured the speed of the batted and pitched ball, or the timing of release by the pitcher, using three synchronized high-speed cameras (250 Hz). From these kinematics data, we calculated several kinematics indices for each batter, focusing especially on the indices for motion of the lower extremities and trunk. In contrast, a well-experienced expert coach who had never met these players evaluated the hitting motion of each player using only motion films without the above kinematics indices, and similarly divided them into FG and SG. The evaluation of fourteen players agreed between the team coaches and the expert coach. The FG and the SG each comprised seven players. We analyzed these fourteen players using the kinematics indices, and clarified objectively the differences in hitting motion between the two groups. Results & Conclusions: The speed of swing, batted ball speed and physical index were approximately the same in the two groups. However, players in the FG group showed a significantly longer distance of center of gravity migration in step than those in the SG group. This might have been attributable to the hip abduction movement on the pivot side on the basis of kinematics indices (p<0.05). Moreover, players in the FG group took more time in step, and swung in a shorter time after landing on the stepped foot, relative to the players in the SG group (p<0.05). These results suggest that the well-experienced expert coaches paid particular attention to the above hitting motion rather than the speed of swing, batted ball speed and physical index as coaching points.

著者

山田 幸雄 海野 孝

出版者

筑波大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2005

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定年退職を迎えた中高年者がスポーツ活動を行うことにより、自己に対する評価や自尊感情、家族や友人関係、共感性や他者に対する意識、あるいは体力に対する自信等がどのように変化するのかを明らかにすることが本研究の目的であった。被験者は中高年の男女合わせて27名であった。生涯スポーツとして、多くの人々がプレーしているテニスを題材にして研究を行った。10回のテニスの講習会を開催し、講習会の前と講習会が終了した後での変化について検討した。その結果、以下のようなことが明らかになった。1)億劫になりがちであった日常生活が積極的になる傾向が見られた。2)他人との関係を構築する力が大きくなる傾向が見られた。3)家族による会話が増加する傾向が見られた。4)身体のバランスがよくなり、怪我の防止に繋がることが明らかになった。5)肩こりや腰痛の軽減に効果が見られるようであった。6)体力の向上が見られた。これらのことから、中高年者がテニスというスポーツ活動を行うことは、家族を含めた会話が増加し、他人との関係においても積極的に振舞えるようになり、体力的にも自信とが持てるようになることが明らかになった。このことは、スポーツが定年後の人生を実り豊かなものにするための手助けになることを示しているものと考えられる。

著者

野中 由紀 安藤 真太郎 鳥屋 智大 山田 幸雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.275_2, 2016

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<p> 卓球競技においてカット主戦型は、攻撃型に比べて数が少ないが、女子では世界トップ50位以内(2016年5月国際卓球連盟発表)に12名がランクインするなど、近年徐々に増加傾向にある。国際大会上位進出には、カット主戦型攻略は必須の課題である。2016年世界卓球選手権大会(団体)では、ある世界ランク20位以内の攻撃型選手が、同ランク30位台、80位台のカット主戦型延べ3名と対戦し、1戦目勝利、2戦目敗北、3戦目勝利の結果であった。このように1大会において、幾度も、また同じ選手と対戦することが実際に発生するため、短期間での戦術変化が必要である。しかし、この点に着目した研究はあまり見られない。そこで本研究は、ある攻撃型選手が1大会中にカット主戦型と対戦した試合を抽出、野中ら(2016)の方法を用いて1試合ごとに分析・比較し、各試合の特徴、及び戦術変化を明らかにすることを目的とした。その結果、平均ラリー打球回数、使用技術、最終打となった技術で差は見られなかったが、使用するコースにおいて有意差が見られる結果となった。このことから、勝敗の要因や1大会中にすぐに実践できる戦術変化として、コースの選択が重要であることが明らかになった。</p>

著者

野中 由紀 安藤 真太郎 山田 幸雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.241-262, 2017 (Released:2017-06-22)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

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This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of the games played by every world top-level women chopper by studying 8 players (A-H) using notational game performance analysis. The games sample comprised 6 games per player, 48 games in total, from the 2013-2015 world championship and International Table Tennis Federation World Tour. Analysis items were the number of shots played per rally, the utilization, the winning and the losing ratios according to the classification of techniques, the utilization ratios of each techniques belonging to the classification. It also considered utilization ratios of various attacking combinations and the techniques used before an attack. The data obtained were processed using statistical methods such as Fisher's exact test and the Kruskal-Wallis test.  The main results were as follows: 1) In terms of the average number of shots played per rally, more losing rallies than winning rallies were observed. Furthermore, winning ratios for 1-3 shots of the rally were high, except for H while they were low for 4-9 shots. Winning ratios after 10 shots of the rally were high in 3 players, who had higher world rankings while they were low in other players. 2) The utilization of an attack was 16% of maximums. In addition, losing ratios for attack for a high-ranking player were less than 25% while they were high for other players. 3) The total percentages for the chop and the push were 81% of maximums and 62% of minimums. Moreover, some players mainly utilized the chop while others mainly utilized the push. 4) The utilization ratios of the various attack different for each player, and these could be classified into 5 types: Forehand counter loop drive (Fhdr), Backhand smash (Bsm), Forehand speed drive (Fsdr), Forehand smash (Fsm), and Backhand speed drive (Bsdr). 5) The utilization ratios for all players had more backhand chop (Bc) than forehand chop (Fc) and more backhand push (Bt) than forehand push (Ft), except for one player. This was considered to be common for all world-class choppers. 6) The utilization ratios of the technique used before an attack were different for each player, and these techniques could be classified into 3 types: the chop, the push, and the service before the attack.

著者

松尾 博一 山田 幸雄 増地 克之 松元 剛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.353-367, 2019-06-17 (Released:2019-06-25)

参考文献数

31

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The purpose of this study was to extract current issues associated with the understanding of tackling techniques taught by college football coaches in Japan. The goal was to acquire fundamental information for a coaching method that would promote safe and effective tackling techniques. A total of 99 college football coaches from Japan (mean age 36.7±0.5 years) took part in the study. A questionnaire was conducted in order to understand key points that were considered important in their coaching methods. The results and observations can be summarized as follows. 1. Tackling techniques taught by football coaches in Japan often lead to concussions. This is due to coaching methods that focus heavily on tackling techniques with high concussion risks, and placing no importance on HUT-based tackling. In addition, their understanding of the “Hit” phase and “HUT” varies, leading to a greater possibility of teaching tackling with a high risk of concussion. 2. Regardless of factors such as age, the position taken as an active player, the instructor’s income, and coaching qualifications, coaches who do not have much player or coach experience have an increased tendency to teach tackling techniques associated with high risks of concussion and injury. 3. In order to prevent concussions and promote safer tackling coaching in Japan, it is crucial for coaches who have little experience in playing or coaching to have access to appropriate information and education opportunities, and for coach certification programs to be improved.

著者

松尾 博一 山田 幸雄 増地 克之 松元 剛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.665-677, 2017 (Released:2017-12-19)

参考文献数

32

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The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the Heads Up Tackling program for defensive players and its influence on safety and performance. Head impacts in football players are directly associated with brain and spine injury, and have been proposed to be associated with injuries such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Therefore, improvement of safety has been a challenge in American football, from the perspective of injury prevention. In 2012, USA Football, the national governing body for amateur American football in the USA developed the Heads Up Football (HUF) program which included “Heads Up Tackling” (HUT), a set of new guidelines for tackling. HUT has been attracting attention in the context of safe tackling through a new coaching methodology. Although in Japan so far, there have been no reports of football-related chronic injuries caused by head impacts, many concussions occur in football games. Therefore, it seem necessary to identify a methodology for teaching tackling techniques in order to reduce the risks of head and neck injury. A number of studies have focused on coaching intervention in relation to safety, and for reducing head impact exposure and injury. However, no reports have focused on the impact of these efforts on athletic performance during a game. If it could be confirmed that HUT reduces the risk of injury in football games without decreasing athlete performances, it would be a useful resource for instruction on tackling skills. Here, 4 matches in the Japan top league (X-league) 2014 and 2015 season were analyzed, before and after HUT intervention was executed in the preseason of 2015. A total of 166 coded tackles were compared in terms of “tackling characteristics”, “amount of injuries”, “effectiveness of tackling”, and “loss of yards” to examine the effect of HUT techniques on “safety” and “effectiveness”. The results revealed that (1) the frequency of “head down” tackling was significantly lower after HUT intervention, (2) the “amount of injuries” was reduced after HUT intervention, (3) there was no effect on the “effectiveness of tackling” in games, (4) “loss of yards” was reduced after HUT intervention, and (5) HUT appeared to reduce the risks of injury in football games, without decreasing tackling performance.

著者

鳥屋 智大 遠藤 愛 野中 由紀 山田 幸雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.247_1-247_1, 2016

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<p> 現在、男子テニスのダブルスの世界ランキングにおいて、日本人選手は200以内に1名も入っておらず、ダブルスの強化が課題となっている。ダブルスでは、サービス、ネットプレー、コンビネーションなどが重要であると言われているが、これらの要素について具体的なデータは乏しい現状にある。そこで、ダブルスにおいて最初にみられるサービスとネットプレーによるコンビネーションに着目し、世界の現在(World群)と過去(Past群)のトップ選手、現在の日本(Japan群)のトップ選手を対象に、その特徴および日本のダブルスの課題を明らかにすることを目的とした。その結果、① World群の特徴は、Iフォーメーションからペアによるネットプレーのコンビネーションであった。② Japan群の特徴は、雁行陣によるストロークとネットプレーによるコンビネーションであった。③ Past群の特徴は、雁行陣からペアによるネットプレーのコンビネーションであった。④日本のダブルスの課題として、第2サービス時のポイント獲得率を上げ、ネットプレーミスを減らし、状況によって様々なフォーメーションを使い分けることの必要性が示唆された。</p>

著者

山田 幸雄 松本 光弘 内山 治樹

出版者

筑波大学体育科学系

雑誌

体育科学系紀要 (ISSN:03867129)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.175-179, 2005-03

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ジタル技術の革新によって情報・著作物等のコピー、改変、融合等が高度かつ簡便に行えるようになった。しかも、そうして作成された新たな情報や著作物はインターネットなどのネットワーク技術を用いて、低コストで ...

著者

窪田 辰政 佐藤 優果 山田 幸雄

出版者

筑波大学体育センター

雑誌

大学体育研究 (ISSN:03867129)

巻号頁・発行日

no.35, pp.129-130, 2013-03

著者

山田 幸雄

出版者

筑波大学体育センター

雑誌

大学体育研究 (ISSN:03867129)

巻号頁・発行日

no.35, pp.99-100, 2013-03