著者

青木 孝之 岡田 元

出版者

日本菌学会

雑誌

日本菌学会会報 (ISSN:00290289)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.jjom.H29-05, (Released:2017-11-18)

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2017 年7 月に中華人民共和国深圳で開催された「第19 回国際植物科学会議(IBC 2017)命名規約セクション」において採択された「国際藻類・菌類・植物命名規約 (ICN; 深圳規約 2018)」における改正点の概要について解説した.

著者

岡田 元三

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密機械 (ISSN:03743543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.6, pp.199-201, 1934-03-10 (Released:2010-02-16)

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音叉を檢査するには本文の様な方法は使はず記録紙に記録させて計算するのが普通であるが著者は記録させずに工場向簡易測定法としてオッシログラフ廻轉數で直接見て音叉振動歎を求めたので其例を此處に述べる.此方法の特徴は測定時間に制限が無く長い程精確に測定出來る.又長い記録紙を使ふ必要がないから経濟的である.又オッシログラフさへあればクロノグラフは要らないと云ふ特長もあるが缺點とも云ふべき點は記録式と違つて注意して見取る必要がある.實験結果から見ると斯う云ふ方法でも工場用としては差支ない程度の精度が得られる.又注意すべき點は音叉の電流斷績接點を調節すると振動數が違つて來る事で一度標準局で檢定してもらつても安心は出來ない.出來る事ならば時々は使用状態で檢査する必要がある.音叉に風が當ると不規則な振動を初める有様が廻轉鏡で時々刻々見られるが其爲箱に入れて使ふ様に出來て居る.クロノメーターや音叉は温度誤差が意外に大きいから精密實験をやるには時計も音叉も恒温槽に入れねばならぬ.

著者

岡田 元宏

出版者

日本生物学的精神医学会

雑誌

日本生物学的精神医学会誌 (ISSN:21866619)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.106-111, 2022 (Released:2022-09-25)

参考文献数

37

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注意欠陥多動性障害(ADHD)は,疾病概念と診断基準の変更も加わり,有病率の増加が報告されている。治療薬もメチルフェニデートとアンフェタミンなどの刺激性治療薬に加え,アトモキセチンとグアンファシンなどの非刺激性治療薬も加わり,治療者側の選択肢が広がってきている。グアンファシンは他のADHD治療薬とは異なり,カテコラミントランスポーターに対する親和性がなく,α2Aアドレナリンに対する選択的作動薬という点で,明らかに異なる薬力学的プロファイルを有する治療薬である。しかし,グアンファシンの病態生理は,グルタミン酸伝達系に偏りカテコラミン伝達に対する効果は解明されているとは言い難い。本稿では,グアンファシンの急性局所投与と亜急性全身投与を行い,眼窩前頭野・青斑核・視床のノルエピネフリン伝達とグルタミン酸伝達機構の変化を紹介し,ADHDの病態生理を概説する。

著者

岡田 元三

出版者

公益社団法人精密工学会

雑誌

精密機械 (ISSN:03743543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.6, pp.199-201, 1934-03-25

著者

岡田 元浩

出版者

The Japanease Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.46-62, 2011 (Released:2019-08-20)

被引用文献数

2 2

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Abstract: This paper compares Léon Walras’s and Marx’s thoughts on labour exchange, thereby illuminating the latter’s perspective that can lead to a forceful counterargument to the neoclassical principle of labour exchange, for which the former affords a foundation. Both Walras and Marx distinguish between labour ability as a factor of production and labour as its service, but exhibit a striking contrast in their explanations of the distinction. Walras’s distinction between ‘personal faculties’ and labour never attempts to reveal the peculiarities of the relationship they share. Walras essentially equates the relationship between the two with that between non-human factors and their respective services by stripping the former of human elements. This not only allows labour exchange to be incorporated into Walras’s general equilibrium system but also provides the groundwork for its neoclassical principle, which, on the basis of marginal theory, assumes work conditions to be determinable through the stylised market adjustment of the demand and supply of labour on each entrepreneur’s and worker’s maximisation behaviour. In contrast, especially in his pre-Capital writings, Marx underlines the worker’s subjectivity in deciding her labour performance. This implies that the type and intensity of time-unit labour varies depending on the worker’s will and the constraints upon it. Accentuating the particular characteristics of the relationship between labour power and labour in this way, Marx’s arguments lead to the invalidation of the neoclassical principle of labour exchange and rationalise the intervention of socio-political factors represented by the labour-capital class struggle in the determination of work conditions. Thus, this study focuses on the potential of Marx’s labour power-labour distinction independent of his exploitation theory-the basis of a weighty refutation of the neoclassical system. JEL classification numbers: B 13, B 14.

著者

鈴木 美穂 菊田 まりな 小笠原 知恵 杉山 大輔 蜂須賀 靖宏 濱口 幸司 岡田 元 大澤 幸雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床衛生検査技師会

雑誌

医学検査 (ISSN:09158669)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.29-36, 2018-01-25 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

4

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ゲル分離剤の代わりに新たな技術であるメカニカルセパレータを用いたヘパリン血漿分離用採血管BDバキュティナ®バリコアTM採血管の検討を行った。バリコアの特長は遠心分離時間が最短で4,000 G・3分間であること,血球と血漿の分離能に優れており,従来のゲル入り血漿分離用採血管に比べて保存安定性が改善されていることである。高速凝固管にて採血した血清を基準とし,従来品のゲル分離剤入りヘパリン採血管ならびにバリコアを比較した。血清と血漿2種の測定値の差は診断・治療に支障のない程度であった。保存安定性において血清よりも血漿が劣る項目はALP,中性脂肪であった。カリウム,LDは従来のヘパリン血漿採血管は不安定であったが,バリコアでは血清と同等の安定性であった。日常業務において,フィブリン析出は報告遅延やサンプリング不良に繋がるリスク要因の一つである。遠心時間の短縮とフィブリン析出問題を解消できるバリコアはTAT短縮や業務軽減に繋がる製品であると考える。

著者

岡田 元浩

出版者

The Japanease Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.25-45, 2016 (Released:2019-08-30)

被引用文献数

2 2

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Abstract: This study critically examines Léon Walras’s thoughts on labour in terms of pure, applied and social economics. In his theory of pure economics, Walras incorporated labour exchange into his general equilibrium system. He disregarded worker subjectivity towards labour performance and the resulting variability in the substance of labour. This neoclassicist bias emasculating the human traits of labour caused him to negate the distinctiveness of labour exchange and argue for its market determination. Thus, Walras assumed labour exchange to be ‘moral-free.’ In addition, Walras denied the influence of ‘moral’ factors in the scope of applied economics treating industries and contended that production activities, including the labour- management relationship, generally should be subject to free competition. However, Walras recognised a need for the state regulation of labour time. Nevertheless, he opposed the minimum wage system and denounced strikes for wage increases. Consequently, Walras adhered to his theory of labour exchange, incurring serious inconsistencies in his own arguments. Walras stressed that social economics dealing with distributional issues in light of justice represents ‘moral’ study. Under the profound influence of his father, Auguste Walras, Walras defended labour-based property rights and proposed land nationalisation. However, he justified the acquisition of capital profit as well as wages determined in a competitive market economy and denied a conflict between labour and capital. Hence, he substantially excluded labour exchange and the labour-capital relationship from the topics of social economics. In this manner, Walras advocated the market determination of labour exchange embracing its subsumption of production and distribution, and labour-management and labour-capital harmony. Therefore, Walras’s arguments in his trilogy allowed a moulding of the neoclassical principle of labour exchange. However, like his contemporary economists who advanced the same line of ideas, Walras enforced this step by playing down his own fair observations of the realities of industrial relations that were at variance with his theory. Thus, Walras’s trilogy reveals features of the formation of neoclassical thought on labour exchange. JEL classification numbers: B 13, J 01.

著者

岡田 元浩

出版者

The Japanease Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.21-40, 2012 (Released:2019-08-22)

被引用文献数

4 4

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Abstract: This paper re-examines W. S. Jevonsʼs thought on labour and elucidates its unique-ness and limitations. Jevonsʼs subjectivist approach penetrated his theory of labour, and he regarded pain as the measure of labour. In the first edition of The Theory of Political Economy, Jevons provided insights that could lead to the negation of the market determination of wages and other work conditions, thus offering a rationalisation of the interven-tion of socio-political factors in labour exchange. In doing so, Jevons distinguished himself from other neoclassical economists. However, Jevons lacked self-knowledge of the feature of his own theory. In addi-tion, he failed to provide a deeper perception of the distinctiveness of labour ex-change rooted in the variability of labour that depends on the workerʼs identity and the constraints imposed by the employer. Consequently, instead of advancing the an-ti-neoclassical perspective implied in his arguments, Jevons argued for the market determination of wages, similar to that of prices of non-human productive services and products, in the second edition of The Theory of Political Economy and other writings. Jevonsʼs opinions on real issues concerning industrial relations also demonstrated ambivalence. Jevons approved of union activities to shorten labour time and conced-ed the efficacy of legal measures in settling labour disputes. At the same time, he clung to his advocacy of the market determination of wages and harshly criticised strikes for a pay rise. Furthermore, Jevonsʼs dichotomy of ʻeconomicʼ and ʻsocialʼ mat-ters, expressed in The State in Relation to Labour, excluded labour-capital class strife and other socio-political factors from the scope of his economic study. This paper makes a thorough reappraisal of Jevonsʼs thought on labour, which has traditionally been construed as a transitional product from classicism to neoclassi-cism. JEL classification numbers: B 13, J 01.

著者

岡田 元浩

出版者

The Japanease Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.138-140, 2011 (Released:2019-10-28)

著者

岡田 元浩

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.93-95, 2009 (Released:2019-06-22)

著者

河野 良太 岡田 元浩

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.36, pp.152-154, 1998 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

岡田 元浩

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.33, pp.174, 1995 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

岡田 元浩

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.32, pp.28-39, 1994 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

26

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This paper expounds the characteristics of both D. Ricardo's and K. Wicksell's theory of monetary economy. By comparing them, we find a clue to the re-examination of the history of macroeconomics from classical economists to J. M. Keynes.Wicksell, a pioneer of 20th century's macroeconomics, had a great respect for Ricardo's view of prices, and regarded it as the starting point of his own theory, in spite of his several criticisms of it. Indeed, Ricardo's view anticipated that of Wicksell more than Wicksell realized. We can cofirm this in Ricardo's comment on the relation of interest to price movements and the role of the banking system in it. While Wicksell is often referred to as a forerunner of Keynes, we are apt to take Ricardo merely as a proponent of Say's law and quantity theory of money, and hence the founder of ‘classics’ as Keynes said. But, after the above consideration, we ought to revalue Ricardo's view, and place it in the origin of the stream of thought which developed, via Wicksell's theory of price fluctuations, into Keynes's General Theory.

著者

杉山 忠平 岡田 元浩

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.31, pp.164-165, 1993 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

北村 龍二 西尾 順太郎 岡田 元

出版者

日本小児口腔外科学会

雑誌

小児口腔外科 (ISSN:09175261)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.76-79, 1995-05-31 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

5

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Cationic soap have a strong sterilizing action and few side effect in regularly using concentration. And so, it is generally in use for a sterilizer and a disinfectant. High concentrated cationic soap, however, have a strong corrosional action, and some dead cases caused by this disinfectant were reported. We experienced an iatrogenic accident of corrosion of oral mucosa caused by high concentrated benzethonium chloride.A case report: The patient was a 3 month-old baby. At plastic surgery of lip, we disinfected intraoral mucosa, by mistaken, with 10% benzethonium chloride solution. At postoperative 1st day, the patient had a fever of from 37.8° to 38.5°C, and his tongue was swelling and per os was a little. At 3rd day, it was found that widespread oral membrane were errosive and/or necrotic; hard and soft palate, upper alveoler and lower molar part, and lower part of left side tongue. His fever was at 38°C leveled, activity was poor, face color was pale and limbs were cold. Additionally, he had severe diarrhea.

著者

兼子 直 岡田 元宏 朱 剛 金井 数明

出版者

てんかん治療研究振興財団

雑誌

てんかん治療研究振興財団研究年報

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.91-100, 2004-11

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熱性けいれん(FS),全般てんかん熱性けいれんプラス(GEFS+),乳児重症ミオクロニーてんかん(SMEI)はそれぞれ発熱と関連して発症するけいれん性疾患であるが,臨床症状・重症度・予後・薬剤に対する反応性などが著しく異なる。これらの疾患に対する遺伝子診断法を確立するために,今回以下の研究を行った;A)熱性けいれんに対する5cM単位でのゲノムワイド連鎖解析,B)SMEI及び辺縁型SMEI(SMEB)にたいするナトリウムチャネル遺伝子変異解析,C)GEFS+/SMEI/SMEBにおけるSCNIAミスセンス変異に関する遺伝子型一表現型相関に関するメタ解析,D)上記疾患の候補遺伝子に対するゲノムワイド包括的変異解析。結果として,SMEI/SMEB患者に高頻度(44.8%)にSCNIA変異を認め,その頻度はSMEB群(25.9%)よりもSMEI群(61.30/a)に多く,truncation変異はSMEI群にのみ認めた。上記の結果はSMEBはSMEIと遺伝学的に同一の疾患である事を示唆した。SCNIAのミスセンス変異はGEFS+/SMEI/SMEBのいずれの表現型も取りえたが,SMEI/SMEBを生じる変異は遺伝子中のポア形成領域に高頻度に認められ,またポア形成領域のミスセンス変異はより臨床症状が重篤である傾向を示した。また研究Dでは上記疾患患者より新規遺伝子刃こおける病的意義の疑われる変異を認めた。GEFS十やSMEIで原因となる遺伝子変異が不明であるものが末だ多数にのぼり,今後とも新規責任遺伝子の探求が必要と考えられる。今後より多くの症例を集め,これまで既知の責任遺伝子の変異の種類や局在,それぞれ遺伝子変異の質的意義(機能解析など)などを解析して遺伝子型一表現型相関をより一層明らかにしていく一方で,新たな責任遺伝子とその機能を明らかにしていくことにより,FS/GEFS+/SMEIのより精度の高い遺伝子診断の設定が可能となると考えられる。兼子直ほか8名による執筆