著者

岡野 健人 藤川 大祐

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育工学会

雑誌

日本教育工学会研究報告集 (ISSN:24363286)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2023, no.2, pp.274-279, 2023-07-21 (Released:2023-07-21)

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ChatGPTをはじめとする大規模言語モデルを利用した生成AIが注目を集めている.活用のためには,その性質を理解し利点と欠点を考慮した上で使用するといった,生成AIリテラシーを身に着ける必要がある.本研究では,ChatGPT APIを用いて独自データ活用型生成AIチャットボットを製作することが可能なプログラムを作成し,学習者がチャットボットの製作を通して生成AIリテラシーを学ぶ教育実践デザインを検討した.

著者

久保寺 章 岡野 健之助

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.210-218, 1960-12-25 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

5

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The seismic waves due to the great nuclear explosions in the central Pacific Ocean (Bikini Atoll) in June and July 1958 were recorded by routine seismographs at the Abuyama Seismological Observatory of Kyoto University.The remarkable result was that we found a new kind of wave-group which has the following properties on the records of long-period seismograph. The wave in this group is of a period 9 to 1 minute and its propagation velocity is about 300m/s. The arrival time is about 3 hours later than that of seismic P-wave. These properties are similar to those of the microbarographic oscillations produced by the nuclear explosions, and the phenomena can hence be attributed to the effect of atmospheric pressure fluctuations upon the inertia mass of the seismograph.

著者

岡野 健之助 木村 昌三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震. 2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.361-374, 1996-11-23

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

5 1

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We propose a new idea for the crustal movements associated with past great Nankai earthquakes in Shikoku and the surrounding region, Southwest Japan. This study makes clear that the movements are not due to the oblique subduction of the Philippine sea plate, but due to superposition of strong seismic shaking to the uppermost crust in a compressional stress state in the E-W direction. The ground of this idea is as follows: at the time of the 1707, 1854 and 1946 Nankai earthquakes the Kochi plain subsided and the Muroto and Ashizuri peninsulas uplifted, whereas old documents show that the Kochi plain did not subside at the time of the 1605 Nankai earthquake and therefore no uplifting of the peninsulas is inferred because it is based on a set of subsidence of the Kochi plain and uplifting of the Muroto peninsula appearing at the time of the 1707, 1854 and 1946 Nankai earthquakes. This is explained by the reason why the 1605 (Keicho) earthquake was not accompanied with strong shaking of the ground owing to the tsunami earthquake. Next, because the uplifted peninsulas have anticline axes of the N-S direction, from unconsistency in stress direction it is difficult to attribute the uplifting to the subduction in the NW direction of the Philippine sea plate. On the other hand, it is easily explained that the uplifting was caused by the stress in the EW direction enhanced by strong seismic shaking. Tosa bay, which spreads between the Muroto and Ashizuri peninsulas, is characterized by depression. To be able to explain this depression is not by the elastic rebound theory, but by our idea. The undulation in the forearc zone composed of anticlines (peninsulas) and wide depressions (bays), which range alternately along the Japan island arc, can not also explained by the elastic rebound theory. In addition, we consider that the compressional strain variation in the NW direction of the ground surface observed at present in Shikoku does not result from the oblique subduction in the NW direction of the Philippine sea plate, but it is recovering the overdisplacement of the ground surface caused by the coseismic movement (2-3m at the ground surface) in the SE direction of the Muroto promontory by reverse faulting of the 1946 earthquake. Moreover, this study shows that unconsistency in directions of P axes between the 1946 Nankai earthquake and mantle earthquakes presently occurring in Shikoku and its vicinity is succesfully explained by taking account of constraint of the displacement in the direction along the Japan island arc.

著者

岩間 雄亮 岡野 健太郎 徳山 英利

出版者

社団法人 有機合成化学協会

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.9, pp.926-934, 2013-09-01

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

6

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This review focuses on synthetic studies on mersicarpine that has a characteristic skeleton including seven-membered cyclic imine fused with indoline and δ-lactam. After a brief discussion of structural features and proposed biogenesis of this compound, several synthetic efforts toward construction of mersicarpine core are described. Total syntheses of mersicarpine are described including Kerr’s racemic synthesis utilizing a formation of seven-membered cyclic imine from α-hydroxyketone prepared by oxidation of indole, racemic syntheses of the Kerr’s synthetic intermediate by Zard and Han, the first enantiocontrolled total synthesis by Fukuyama based on the construction of seven-membered α-hydroxyimine by autoxidation of azepinoindole, and the second enantiocontrolled synthesis by Tokuyama employing a DIBALH-mediated ring-expansion reaction of cyclic ketoxime fused with indole.

著者

天野 潤 平松 優佳 早川 直彦 加藤 基浩 岡野 健 木下 春喜 岡崎 彬

出版者

The Japanese Society for the Study of Xenobiotics

雑誌

薬物動態 (ISSN:09161139)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.6, pp.1199-1212, 1993-12-30 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

31

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The metabolites of rG·CSF present in the serum were investigated in rats after intravenous administration of 125I-rG·CSF at the dose of 10μg/kg, or nonlabeled-rG·CSF at the dose of 100-400μg/kg. 1. Using gel filtration on the Superose 12 column, most of the radioactivity in rat serum at 30min after administration of 125I-rG·CSF was eluted at a point corresponding to molecular weight of 19kd, this point was the same as that of intact-rG·CSF. The radioactivity was immunoreactive with anti-rG·CSF antibody and showed biological activity against NFS-60 cell lines. At 2 and 6h after administration, the radioactivity present in the serum was eluted from the column at a point corresponding to molecular weight of 46kd and 19kd. The radioactivity corresponding to 46kd showed immunoreactivity, but was biologically inactive. 2. The SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that most of the radioactivity in the serum present at 30min after administration of 125I-rG·CSF was detected at a point corresponding to intact-rG·CSF (molecular weight of 19kd). The radioactivity was also detected at a point corresponding to molecular weight of 19kd and 5kd at 2h, 19kd, 14kd and 5kd at 6h after administration. 3. The chromatofocusing using Mono-P column showed that most of the radioactivity in the serum was focused at a point corresponding to isoelectric points of 5.8 and 5.5 at 30min after administration of 125I-rG·CSF, these points were related to monosialo-rG·CSF and disialo-rG· CSF, respectively. At 2 and 6h after administration, the radioactivity showing immunoreactivity was newly found at a point corresponding to isoelectric points of 5.2 and 4.5. 4. During immunoblotting of serum samples after administration of nonlabeled-rG·CSF, the presence of a band corresponding to molecular weight of 19kd was found in all sampling times after administration. Beside the band of 19kd, only bands at a point corresponding to molecular weight of 5kd and 14kd were detected at 6h after administration. 5. Based of the fact that only an intact form of rG·CSF exists at early stage after intrave nous administration of rG·CSF, and since 2h the metabolites which have not biological activity appeared in the serum, we have concluded that an intact form mainly participate in hematologic activity of rG·CSF in vivo.

著者

加藤 基浩 天野 潤 岡野 健 平松 優佳 木下 春喜 岡崎 彬

出版者

The Japanese Society for the Study of Xenobiotics

雑誌

薬物動態 (ISSN:09161139)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.6, pp.1213-1218, 1993-12-30 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3

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To evaluate the role of the kidney in the elimination of rG·CSF, the pharmackinetics of rG·CSF was studied in rats upon removal of one (1/2-nephrectomized rat) or of two kidneys (nephrectomized rat). Plasma concentrations of rG·CSF were measured by enzyme immunoassay method. 1. The elimination half lives of rG·CSF in nephrectomized and 1/2-nephrectomized rats, which were 4.85h and 1.llh respectively, were longer than those in sham operated rats given rG·CSF 10μg/kg intravenously. Total nephrectomy and 1/2-nephrectomy resulted in 70% and 30% reduction of total body clearance of rG·CSF in rats, respectively. 2. The result suggested that the kidney is the major elimination site of rG·CSF.

著者

木村 昌三 岡野 健之助

出版者

日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学論集 (ISSN:03858545)

巻号頁・発行日

no.40, pp.187-195, 1992-12-15

被引用文献数

6

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四国の中央構造線周辺地域に発生する地震の震源を再検討した上で, その震央ならびに深さ分布を求め, 構造線との関係について考察している。深さが5 kmより浅い地震の多くは構造線の南側にのみ観測されている。震源の深さ分布のずれからも, これは構造線を境にして南側(三波川変成帯)の上昇を示唆する。深さ8〜18 kmの地震では燧灘における活動が目立ち地形との関連が印象的である。下部地殻には地震が観測されないので, 23 kmより深い地震はすべて最上部マントル内のものであるが, この北傾斜で分布する地震は, 四国西部では構造線の制約を受けず構造線を越えて中国地方へ連続した分布を示す。しかし中東部では構造線の制約を受けて北側での活動は極めて低く, しかもその分布は中国地方に想定されるモホ面直下に水平に分布する。これらの地震を発生させる主圧力の方向は, 地殻内地震ではほぼ東西, マントル地震では南北である。

著者

岡野 健之助 木村 昌三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.361-374, 1996-11-23 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

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We propose a new idea for the crustal movements associated with past great Nankai earthquakes in Shikoku and the surrounding region, Southwest Japan. This study makes clear that the movements are not due to the oblique subduction of the Philippine sea plate, but due to superposition of strong seismic shaking to the uppermost crust in a compressional stress state in the E-W direction. The ground of this idea is as follows: at the time of the 1707, 1854 and 1946 Nankai earthquakes the Kochi plain subsided and the Muroto and Ashizuri peninsulas uplifted, whereas old documents show that the Kochi plain did not subside at the time of the 1605 Nankai earthquake and therefore no uplifting of the peninsulas is inferred because it is based on a set of subsidence of the Kochi plain and uplifting of the Muroto peninsula appearing at the time of the 1707, 1854 and 1946 Nankai earthquakes. This is explained by the reason why the 1605 (Keicho) earthquake was not accompanied with strong shaking of the ground owing to the tsunami earthquake. Next, because the uplifted peninsulas have anticline axes of the N-S direction, from unconsistency in stress direction it is difficult to attribute the uplifting to the subduction in the NW direction of the Philippine sea plate. On the other hand, it is easily explained that the uplifting was caused by the stress in the EW direction enhanced by strong seismic shaking. Tosa bay, which spreads between the Muroto and Ashizuri peninsulas, is characterized by depression. To be able to explain this depression is not by the elastic rebound theory, but by our idea. The undulation in the forearc zone composed of anticlines (peninsulas) and wide depressions (bays), which range alternately along the Japan island arc, can not also explained by the elastic rebound theory. In addition, we consider that the compressional strain variation in the NW direction of the ground surface observed at present in Shikoku does not result from the oblique subduction in the NW direction of the Philippine sea plate, but it is recovering the overdisplacement of the ground surface caused by the coseismic movement (2-3m at the ground surface) in the SE direction of the Muroto promontory by reverse faulting of the 1946 earthquake. Moreover, this study shows that unconsistency in directions of P axes between the 1946 Nankai earthquake and mantle earthquakes presently occurring in Shikoku and its vicinity is succesfully explained by taking account of constraint of the displacement in the direction along the Japan island arc.

著者

木村 昌三 岡野 健之助

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.4, pp.461-470, 1998-03-13 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

28

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The source region of the 1946 Nankai earthquake is examined based on the recent studies of microearthquakes, focal mechanisms and the crustal structure in Shikoku, southwest Japan as well as the aftershock distribution just after the main shock. Although it is generally known that an aftershock distribution is nearly equal to the fault zone and the source area of tsunami, such an agreement has not been recognized in the case of the 1946 Nankai earthquake. In the present study, we point out the misinterpretation about the aftershock area and the focal plane in the previous works, and give a new interpretation indicating good agreement among the aftershock distribution, source area of tsunami, crustal movements, disaster area and fault region. In the previous works, the defect of the observation network in the west of Shikoku and the east of Kyushu was not taken into consideration on the estimation of the aftershock area. Furthermore, the focal plane was not properly estimated owing to misunderstanding of the crustal movements and the source area of tsunami. Since the focal plane exists in the focal layer in the uppermost mantle, we consider that the aftershocks occurred only in this layer and the crustal earthquakes were induced by stress release due to the occurrence of the main shock. Our microearthquake observations show that this layer has a thickness of about 5km from the west of Shikoku to the western part of the Kii peninsula and from the Median Tectonic Line in the north to the Nankai Trough in the south.

著者

木村 昌三 岡野 健之助

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.213-221, 1995-08-25 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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We examine the decreasing of seismic activity which occurred in Shikoku, and the Wakayama and Tanba districts prior the 1946 Nankai earthquake, southwest Japan. Considering the effect of the Second World War, the seismic observation for that period by the Japan Meteorological Agency was not in sufficient conditions. Thus, the idea of seismicity lowering on the area has not been generally accepted, notwithstanding some studies on the subject were previously presented. This study proves however the lowering was not caused by the insufficient seismic observation. We give an explanation for the cause of lowering of seismicity. We also showed that the crustal seismic activity in Shikoku in terms of earthquake occurrence gradually decreased with time after the 1946 earthquake. The decrease in seismicity could be anticipated to continue till the next Nankai earthquake in the above mentioned districts. Accordingly, the lowering of seismic activity is expected as a precursor of the great Nankai earthquake, in particular in the Wakayama district where the usual seismic activity is comparatively high compared to other districts.

著者

奥山 剛 藤田 晋輔 林 和男 鈴木 滋彦 大谷 諄 岡野 健

出版者

名古屋大学

雑誌

総合研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

1990

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最近の木造住宅は、省エネルギ-と、室内環境制御装置の導入によって、ますます気密化が進んでいる。一方、室内には無機材料が多用されるようになっている。このような住宅は将来増加の一途をたどることは明らかな状況である。住宅内のラドンの問題は、北欧やカナダ・アメリカでは大きな問題としてとりあげられているが、日本では、ここ5〜6年の間に、放射線安全工学の分野でとりあげられるようになったばかりである。放射線、特に低レベルの放射線に対する人間の健康への影響は不明な点が多いが、複合的な環境汚染が進むなか、木造住宅内のラドン濃度を低くおさえるための基礎的な調査が必要と考え、本総合研究を組識した。二年間にわたり、北海道から鹿児島まで12名の研究者に協力をいただき合計28の建物のラドン濃度を通年測定した。結果を要約すれば以下のとおり。1).全体としてみると、木造住宅はRC造住宅よりラドン濃度は低い。RC造住宅の新築のものに特に高いレベルのものがみられた。2).木造住宅では、床下及び地下室の濃度が高く300Bq/m^3を越える場合がある。そして、1階、2階と上階へいくに従って低くなる。このことから、木造住宅の最大のラドン発生源は床下地面であり、それは居室へと拡散していく。3).床下ラドン濃度は、一般に冬に低く、高温多湿となる夏期に高い。4).床下ラドン濃度は、床下地面の防湿施工によって低下する。5).床下換気口の適切な配置は床下ラドン濃度を低下させる。6).室内の空気が滞溜する押入れなどでは高いラドン濃度を示す。特にRC建物では1200Bq/m^3を越える場所がみられた。以上から、無機建材が用いられ換気が少なくなれば室内ラドン濃度が上昇することが明らかで、将来の日本の住宅もラドン対策が必要。

著者

友松 昭雄 岡野 健 浅野 猪久夫

出版者

東京大学大学院農学生命科学研究科附属演習林

雑誌

東京大学農学部演習林報告 (ISSN:03716007)

巻号頁・発行日

no.73, pp.p263-275, 1984-01

被引用文献数

1

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A lot of Ezomatsu trees (Picea jezoensis) and Todomatsu trees (Abies sachalinensis) grown in the Hokkaido experimental forest of the University of Tokyo were damaged by the No.15 typhoon in 1981. By the features of the trees in the forest they were classified into three types of damage: a) stem-broken, b) uprooted, and c) survived standing. Twenty-five number of trees of Ezomatsu and Todomatsu, of which diameter were as shown in Table 1, were collected for investigation of wood quality and bending properties. Observation of existence of compression failure, decay, and stain and measurement of bending properties were carried. Results of the observation and the bending tests were discussed in related to the type of damage and summarized as follows. 1. Neither significant difference of specific gravity in air dry nor that of annual ring width was found among stem-broken, uprooted, and survived standing trees. Three fourth of the stem-broken trees of both Ezomatsu and Todomatsu fairly showed decay in the center part of the logs. Consequently the decay will be a cause of stem-broken. 2. Compression failure was observed in the stem-broken trees of three fourth of Ezomatsu, two fourth of Todomatsu, respectively. It was also observed in the uprooted tree of only one fourth Ezomatsu and one fifth of Todomatsu, respectively. But with the case of Todomatsu the failure seemed to be formed by the impact when the tree was uprooted. In the survived standing trees no trace of compression failure was observed. It was observed that compression failures were often around knots and extended tangentially and fairly deeply through radially. 3. No significant difference of bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending, and absorbed energy in impact bending was observed among the type of damage when test specimens were prepared free from any defects such as compression failure. The values obtained in this research were likely to be identical with those of references, which were absolutely free from any defect or any damage by typhoon. Though little change of modulus of elasticity in bending, compression failure decrease bending strength and absorbed energy in impact bending. Consequently, sawn timber from stem-broken and also uprooted provided with compression failure must not be used as a structural member in construction.

著者

久保島 吉貴 大崎 久司 沢田 知世 折口 和宏 吉原 浩 岡野 健

出版者

東京大学大学院農学生命科学研究科附属演習林

雑誌

東京大学農学部演習林報告 (ISSN:03716007)

巻号頁・発行日

no.103, pp.243-306, 2000-06

被引用文献数

3

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東京大学農学部附属千葉演習林牛蒡沢産の86年生のスギの材質試験を行った。結果の概要を以下に示す。1)各物性値の半径方向の変動(髄→樹皮方向)は,多くの場合,以下のa)のような傾向を示した。一部はb)のような傾向であった。a)・髄付近では大体の場合,安定あるいは増大,一部極大値があった。・心材部あるいは心辺材境界部分で極大値が存在した。・辺材部では減少した。b)髄付近から心材部にかけて安定していた。2)本実験に用いられた丸太には直径が約30cmまたは50cmの2種類存在したが,太さによって物性値の半径方向の変動のパターンが変わっているとは言えなかった。3)各物性値と密度ならびに弾性率との相関関係を表2に示す。多くの場合密度や弾性率と相関関係が認められた。Properties of 86-year-old sugi wood (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) planted at Gobozawa in Tokyo University Forest in Chiba were tested. Five logs were used. The tests and the measured properties were as follows: 1) Soft X-ray measurement: density variation in the radial direction 2) Static bending test: Young's modulus, proportional limit, bending strength, and bending work 3) Impact bending test: absorbed energy in impact bending 4) Compression test: Young's moduli in longitudinal (L), radial (R), and tangential (T) directions, proportional limits in L, R, and T-directions, and longitudinal compression strength 5) Torsion test: shear moduli of the LT and LR-planes 6) Shear test: shear strength of the LT-plane 7) Hardness test: hardness of the RT, LT, and LR-planes 8) Shrinking test: percent shrinkage in the L, R, and T-directions The results were as follows: 1) The patterns of variation of the measured wood properties in the R-direction (from pith to bark) mainly followed pattern (a) but some cases followed pattern (b). a) Around the pith: the values of the properties increased or did not change in most cases, and sometimes had peaks. Heartwood region, and boundary between heartwood and sapwood: the properties exhibited peaks. Sapwood region: the properties decreased. b) They were stable at the pith and heartwood regions. 2) The pattern of variation did not change with the diameter of the logs. 3) The wood properties were related to density and moduli of elasticity at the 1% or 5% significant level in almost all of the cases.

著者

岡野 健太郎 徳山 英利 福山 透

出版者

天然有機化合物討論会

雑誌

天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

no.48, pp.175-180, 2006-09-15

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(+)-Yatakemycin (1), which was isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces sp. TP-A0356, is an antitumor antibiotic that has a characteristic dienone cyclopropane ring found in duocarmycins and CC-1065. Among them, 1 has been shown to exhibit the most potent activity, and therefore has attracted a great deal of attention. The first total synthesis along with the revision of its structure and determination of the absolute configuration has recently been reported by Boger and co-workers. Herein, we describe an efficient total synthesis of 1 utilizing our copper-mediated amination for the construction of all five aryl-nitrogen bonds, allowing us to conduct a sub-gram-scale preparation of 1 in 16% overall yield over 17 steps (longest linear steps from the known starting compound 6). Synthesis of the left segment 3 commenced with dibromination of 6. Removal of the TFA group, and subsequent oxidation provided dihydroisoquinoline 7, which was readily converted to the cyclization precursor 9. The first amination reaction of 9 afforded indoline 10 with retention of the other bromo group. After conversion to the dehydroamino ester 12, the second amination was performed to provide dihydropyrroloindole 13. The Ns group and benzyl ester in 13 were then converted to Fmoc group and a methanethiol ester, respectively. Finally, an Fmoc-directed, regioselective demethylation was performed with BCl_3 to furnish the left segment 3. Our amination also proved to be highly effective for the construction of the middle segment 4. Cleavage of (S)-epichlorohydrin (18) with 2,6-dibromophenyllithium species 17 provided chlorohydrin 19, which was then converted to amination precursor 21. The crucial aryl amination took place smoothly to give tetrahydroquinoline 22. After Mizoroki-Heck reaction with a dehydroalanine derivative 23 and removal of the nosyl group, bromo group was introduced regioselectively. The second amination reaction at the sterically hindered position was achieved by using a stoichiometric amount of CuI to furnish the middle segment 4. The right-hand segment 5 was also prepared in a straightforward manner by using the aryl amination strategy. Three segments thus obtained were assembled to complete the total synthesis. After coupling of the middle segment 4 with the right segment 5, TBS ether 32 was converted into the mesylate 33. Subsequent hydrolysis provided 34, which was subjected to the condensation conditions with 3 without isolation. Two benzyl groups were then removed with BCl_3, in the presence of excess pentamethylbenzene as a scavenger of benzyl cation. Finally, spirocyclopropanation was carried out according to Boger's conditions to furnish (+)-1, which was identical in all respects to the natural product.