著者
川口 恵美子
出版者
日本生活学会
雑誌
生活学論叢 (ISSN:24332933)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, pp.41-53, 1996-09-30 (Released:2021-03-29)

I hear that more than five hundred thousand women were widowed by the World War II in Japan, however only a thesis on them can't be found. Soldiers' deathes of that war were highly admired especially during the war, and they were deified as the national heroes in Yasukuni shrine. Therefore we call the war widows "Wives of Yasukuni", who were taken care of by nation then. Japan defeated in 1945, the war widows lost then honorable positions as well as compensations. In those days, they were still young; seventy percent under thirty five with two or more children on the average. Unfortunately, after the War, they were forced to make very hard livings especially till 1952 because of three factors mainly as follows. First, they were very short of the abilities to lead their independent lives. The second is the discrimination against the fatherless families "The same in an American Society", Lynn Caine told us in "WIDOW" in 1974. Last of all, they have borne the spiritual burden of the families of military personnel's who were thought to be responsible for the War. As things change, positions of the war-widows as between victims and helpers have changed under Japanese social circumstances.
著者
川口 恵子 伊東 田恵 太田 理津子
出版者
関東甲信越英語教育学会
雑誌
関東甲信越英語教育学会誌 (ISSN:21858993)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, pp.57-70, 2015 (Released:2017-07-20)
参考文献数
23

Academic writing has been traditionally viewed as impersonal, but recent corpus-based research has revealed that writers of research articles (RAs) in both scientific and social sciences use first-person pronouns in their RAs for constructing authorial identity. This research focuses on the use of first-person pronouns, powerful linguistic resources to convey an author’s voice. Using two corpora consisting of 21 RAs each by Japanese and native English TESOL researchers, we investigate how first-person pronouns are used to represent the authors in text. We also explore the factors that characterize the Japanese writers’ use of first-person pronouns by referring to the results of a survey conducted on 70 Japanese EFL teachers inquiring about the practice and perception of first-person pronoun use in RAs. The results indicate that the Japanese researchers use first-person pronouns less frequently in their RAs. The further analysis suggests that the low frequency of first-person pronouns may not be caused just by the researchers’ view of academic writing but that different factors such as consideration for the conventions practiced in the discourse community or research methods adopted may be related to the choice of first-person pronouns in RAs.
著者
川口 恵子 伊東 田恵 太田 理津子
出版者
芝浦工業大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2012-04-01

著者を指す第1人称代名詞(Iやwe等)が英語教育・工学という2つの異なる分野でどのように使用されているかを出版年代の観点も含め学術誌論文を分析した。各分野の主要学術誌2誌ずつより選んだ約250編が分析対象である。その結果、第1人称代名詞は工学系論文で最もよく使われており、英語教育分野では、日本人研究者の第1人称代名詞の使用頻度は英語母語話者研究者に比べ低いことがわかった。また、工学系論文では20年前と最近の論文での代名詞の使用頻度に差がなかったが、英語教育系論文では年代による差が見られた。大学英語教員に実施したアンケートより、第1人称代名詞の使用は様々な考えに基づいていることがわかった。
著者
川口 恵子 伊東 田恵 太田 理津子
出版者
関東甲信越英語教育学会
雑誌
関東甲信越英語教育学会誌 (ISSN:21858993)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, pp.57-70, 2015

Academic writing has been traditionally viewed as impersonal, but recent corpus-based research has revealed that writers of research articles (RAs) in both scientific and social sciences use first-person pronouns in their RAs for constructing authorial identity. This research focuses on the use of first-person pronouns, powerful linguistic resources to convey an author's voice. Using two corpora consisting of 21 RAs each by Japanese and native English TESOL researchers, we investigate how first-person pronouns are used to represent the authors in text. We also explore the factors that characterize the Japanese writers' use of first-person pronouns by referring to the results of a survey conducted on 70 Japanese EFL teachers inquiring about the practice and perception of first-person pronoun use in RAs. The results indicate that the Japanese researchers use first-person pronouns less frequently in their RAs. The further analysis suggests that the low frequency of first-person pronouns may not be caused just by the researchers' view of academic writing but that different factors such as consideration for the conventions practiced in the discourse community or research methods adopted may be related to the choice of first-person pronouns in RAs.
著者
出口 晃 川口 恵生
出版者
一般社団法人 日本老年医学会
雑誌
日本老年医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03009173)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.1, pp.148-149, 2018-01-25 (Released:2018-03-05)
参考文献数
3

在宅以外で行われている経管栄養の実態を知るため,特養,老健,介護療養型医療施設(介護型),医療型療養病床(医療型)入所者を対象とし,経管栄養患者数と胃瘻造設後の年数を2006年,11年,16年に調べた.経管栄養者の割合は,介護型・医療型で21.9~44.4%であり,特養・老健の4.4~11.7%よりも高かった.造設3年,5年以上経過者は最近5年間で17.4%,18.1%増えていた.経管栄養開始後長期間経過した者の受け皿である療養病床の代替が必要である.
著者
岩井 祥子 池田 華子 長谷川 智子 吉村 長久 飯田 悠人 川口 恵理 末次 仁美
出版者
京都大学
雑誌
若手研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2016-04-01

分岐鎖アミノ酸がストレス下の培養細胞に対し、細胞死抑制効果を持つこと、細胞内ATP濃度低下の抑制効果を持つこと、が明らかになった。また、分岐鎖アミノ酸を網膜色素変性モデル動物や緑内障モデル動物に投与することによって、視細胞変性や網膜神経節細胞死が抑制されることが明らかになった。網膜色素変性モデル動物では、分岐鎖アミノ酸投与によって、網膜の機能低下が抑制されることが明らかになった。分岐鎖アミノ酸は、小胞体ストレスの抑制や細胞内ATP濃度低下の抑制、mTORシグナルタンパクの活性化を介して、細胞死抑制効果を示していた。分岐鎖アミノ酸は、眼難治疾患の新たな治療法になる可能性がある。
著者
愛甲 哲也 川口 恵典
出版者
公益社団法人 日本造園学会
雑誌
ランドスケープ研究 (ISSN:13408984)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, no.5, pp.703-706, 2013 (Released:2014-05-08)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1

Knowing the factors considered by hikers in selecting their entrance and routes can be helpful for mountainous natural park managers. Mt. Tomuraushi in Daisetsuzan National Park used to be a remote destination that required hikers to make overnight trips to reach the summit. With easier access, there has been a recent increase in day trip hikers. This increase has raised certain concerns, such as soil erosion on the visitor trails, trampling of vegetation, and extension of bare grounds around campsites. We conducted questionnaire survey on hikers’ route selection and their reasons for choosing a specific route and trailhead to Mt. Tomuraushi. The results showed that hikers placed much value on scenery, availability of natural resources, and access and convenience of each route and trailhead. Important factors included conveniences, walkability and good scenery. More experienced hikers were found to be more likely to choose less convenient and less crowded trailheads than less experienced hikers.