著者
市川 ひろみ
出版者
広島大学
雑誌
広島平和科学 (ISSN:03863565)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, pp.223-240, 2002

Military conscription was a part of modernization. In pre-modern times, a feudal lord was not able to use all of the people for military service. By introducing universal suffrage, a modern state was able to enforce people to exercise violence. A modern state attempted to control not only its people's behavior, but also their inner life. An army has functioned as a school of nations. Through training in an army, people were standardized and disciplined. Conscientious objection was a form of "deviation" from the state integration, and therefore objectors were severely punished until the end of World War II. After the horrible experiences of war and the Holocaust, conscientious objection is considered a basic human right and by the state guaranteed. Legislation makes conscientious objection no longer a form of "deviation." The system to integrate objectors in the German Democratic Republic was the construction units (Baueinheiten). Objectors were subjected to ill treatment and lifelong discrimination. Through their experiences, they organized peace movements and provided a vital nucleus for unofficial civil movements during the late 1980s. The state of GDR had failed to integrate objectors and driven them to estrangement. In contrast, the state of the Federal Republic of Germany succeeded in integration through the introduction of civil service (Zivildienst). The number of Zivis outnumbered that of conscripts in the army in 1999. There is now a new impact of objectors on society, because they have become an indispensable part of social welfare service. Now in FRG, soldiers in the army have the right and the duty to refuse a senior officers' order, when the order is inhuman or unlawful. Soldiers should act as citizens with their own responsibility. I would like to survey the transformation of conscription system in Germany, from the viewpoint of how the state has tried to integrate each individual.
著者
初瀬 龍平 野田 岳人 池尾 靖志 堀 芳枝 戸田 真紀子 市川 ひろみ 宮脇 昇 妹尾 哲志 清水 耕介 柄谷 利恵子 杉浦 功一 松田 哲 豊下 楢彦 杉木 明子 菅 英輝 和田 賢治 森田 豊子 中村 友一 山口 治男 土佐 弘之 佐藤 史郎 上野 友也 岸野 浩一 宮下 豊
出版者
京都女子大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2012-04-01

本研究の目的は、戦後日本における国際関係論の誕生と発展を、内発性・土着性・自立性の視点から、先達の業績の精査を通じて、検証することにあった。研究成果の一部は、すでに内外の学会や公開講座などで報告しているが、その全体は、『日本における国際関係論の先達 -現代へのメッセージ-(仮)』(ナカニシヤ出版、2016年)として集大成、公開する準備を進めている。本書は、国際政治学(国際政治学、政治外交史)、国際関係論(権力政治を超える志向、平和研究、内発的発展論、地域研究)、新しい挑戦(地域研究の萌芽、新たな課題)に分けた先達の業績の個別検証と、全体を見通す座談会とで構成されている。