著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.39-47, 2017-01-31

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On May 17 in 1990, WHO resolved to remove the name of homosexuality from ICD-10. In thefield of psychiatry, the recognition that homosexuality is “disease” (disorder, illness or psychosis) haschanged significantly in the past 20 years. The review (discrimination and prejudice) of regardinghomosexuality as perverted, abnormal and unhealthy, has been under review in the general societyas well. Both homosexuality and heterosexuality have been considered as one of ways of humansexuality. WHO declared in 1993 that “homosexuality is not subject to treatment in any sense”.Homosexuality has been progressively depathologized in the international community since the1990 ’s. The 21st century became an era when homosexuality is not regarded as pathological (ill orpsychotic). In this paper, we would like to clarify the location of sexuality problem in the 21st centurysociety by tracing the history of such change.

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.39-55, 2016-07-31

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What is sexuality ? It seems that the word sexuality in Japanese cannot be counted as a Japanesevocabulary. Some Japanese dictionaries refer to sexuality as something to do with the sexual.Something means essence, consciousness, physical action, representation, impulse, orientation,interest, capacity, appeal, expression or desire and so on. But what in the world is the sexual ?According to some dictionaries, the sexual means something connected with the state of being maleor female, the state connected with sex desire, something connected with both sexes, or somethingconnected with men and women. However, what does do this “sex” mean in the first place ? Commonsense in Japanese tells us that sex is “male and female essential”, instinct, lust, or intercourse. If so,what is the difference between the concept sex and the concept sexuality in Japanese ? Is the wordsexuality an euphemism for the word sex ? It seems that the concept sexuality is unnecessary inJapanese, and the concept sex will do in Japanese. This paper investigates whether or not it is thecase.

著者

野呂田 純一 椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学湘南総合研究所

雑誌

湘南フォーラム (ISSN:18834752)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.89-101, 2014-02

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.349-356, 2000-12-30 (Released:2009-10-19)

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.11-26, 2019-01-31

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There is a sociology of qualitative social research based on theoretical information from a Canadian sociologist Dorothy Smith’s sociology of institutional ethnography. Researchers using these approaches examine social problems, and explicate how these social problems are built up, and what social relations organize these problems. Several preparations are needed to practice these social researches. One of such preparations is to consider the terms (keywords) referred to in practicing social researches. The keywords of D. Smith, standpoint theory, institutional ethnography, ruling relations are selected. We will see “who is Dorothy Smith”, “what is the standpoint theory”, “institutional ethnography” ,and “what are ruling relations” as follows. These terms are sources of reference to practices of social researches based on institutional ethnography. We believe these keywords are useful as practical tools for social researches.

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.31-47, 2018-07-31

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This paper does not take voting against the UN resolution “36/... the death penalty” (A/HRC/36/L.6) at the 36th session of the Human Rights Council (in September 2017) as voting against the resolution condemning death penalty for homosexuality. By interpreting this resolution as the resolution of “the question of the death penalty”, this paper will examine implications for sexual orientation of the opposition of the Japanese government to this resolution through considering the Japanese government’ reasoning for casting a vote against this resolution in light of the fact that the Japanese government cast a vote against this resolution.

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.47-56, 2004-07-01

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Development in the 1970s was promoted on an economic growth basis. But objections to the economic growth basis have been raised since the latter half of 1970s. Development came into question in terms of global environment problem, local residents' campaigns, quality of life, the north-south problem and so on. The relation between developing countries' development and global environment conservation is one of the most crucial issues on global problems. Development problems have focused on 'poberty' from`environment and development' through humanist `social development'. In the meantime the concept of`human development' has been used in the international organizations. `Human development' took a turn into gender equality. No doubt`women in development' approach has been promoted since 1970s. In the 1990s,`gender and development' approach was adovocated instead of`women in development', and`the mainstreaming of gender' has been tackled. This paper attempts to examine the issues on the concept of women in`gender and development' approach.

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.113-124, 2004-02-01

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.21-41, 2003-07-01

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.69-79, 2002-02-01

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On June 26, in 2000 President Clinton announced at a historic White House ceremony that the international Human Genome Project and Cellera Genomics Corporation have both completed an initial sequencing of the human genome - the genetic blueprint for human beings. On the same day, the public and private groups that sequenced the human genome announced jointly that they have completed rough drafts of the human genome. President Clinton hailed the announcement as "the most important, most wondrous map ever produced by humankind." He said, "Today, we are learning the language in which God created life. We are gaining ever more awe for the complexity, the beauty, the wonder of God's most divine and sacred gift. With this profound new knowledge, humankind is on the verge of gaining immense, new power to heal. Genome science will have a real impact on all our lives - and even more, on the lives of our children. It will revolutionize the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of most, if not all, human diseases." The rough draft of the entire human genome is regarded as a first glimpse of the instruction book previously known only to God, and a powerful new tool to find cures for disease. On the other hand, there are worries over discrimination in education, employment, promotion, insurance contracts, marriage and so on because of gene diagnoses and gene treatments. The General Conference of UNESCO in 1997 adopted "the Universal Declaration on Human Genome and Human Rights" in order to ban such discrimination. Recently ethical problems concerning genes and the genome have been much discussed. These problems are concerned with eugenics, especially the issue of whether the new eugenics ethically allows gene enhancement. Should society be against this new eugenics or for it? This paper examines the argument about "the theory and ethics of genetic engineering society" by a philosopher of science.

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.23-42, 2001-02-01

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Various research programs in the "new" sociology of scientific knowledge emerged in the latter half of 1970s. British sociologists such as Barnes, Bloor, Mulkay, Collins and so forth were challenging the Mertonian functionalist sociology of science. The aim of the new sociology of scientific knowledge has been to investigate and explain the "contents" of scientific knowledge per se. Ethnomethodological studies of scientific practices were surrounded by the emergence of these "new" programs in social studies of science. Although ethnomethodological studies of science have often been understood without being distinguished from these "new" programs, it seems that ethnomethodological studies differ from these programs in their perspective on language, science and action. In spite of their commitments to a supposedly "radical" view of scientific knowledge, the new sociologies use some conventional social science terminologies and explanatory formulae, and seem caught in a trap concerning the usage of ordinary language in social science and philosophy. Garfinke's ethnomethodology appears to advocate a complete departure from these conventional views of language and science which the new programs have taken over. We will make sense of ethonomethodological studies of science by reviewing how ethonomethodology sees the "new" programs. In this paper we would like to leave a port to the sea of argumentation by regarding ethnomethodologist M. Lynch's studies of science as leading light. Ethnomethodology's agenda is, according to Lynch, to reconsider what it means to produce observations, descriptions and explanations of something "actual." Garfinkel's program is not interested in explaining scientific facts by reference to the social context of their production. The program does not try to construct comprehensive models of activities and institutions. Its objective is to examine how scientific works are produced from the disciplinary-specific Lebenswelt of scientific projects. The aim is not to explain "discovery" as a matter of "social construction" but to try to gain a better understanding of scientific work.

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.79-86, 1998-01-01

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It is clear that there was an intimate relationship between ethnomethodology and conversation analysis in the 1960's, but latter-day conversation analysis may or may not have much to do with ethnomethodology. In the 1960's H. Sacks, together with H. Garfinkel, was explicating "demonstrably rational properties of indexical expressions." Certainly conversation analysis investgates "indexical expressions" by describing recurrent sequential actions in conversation and specifying formal rules for generating their organizational features, but its purpose is to develop a grammar for conversation. However, Garfinkel's ethnomethodological program is to investigate "the uses of grammar" (the uses of language). The original purpose in ethnomethodological studies was not to construct a formal structure of practical actions but to examine how formal structures are used in and as local courses of practical actions. Latter-day conversation analysis is not necessarily incompatible with ethnomethdological studies, but professionalized conversation analysis seems different from ethnomethodological studies in essential ways. This paper attempts to search for a possibility of ethnomethodological studies of social institutions by examining "professionalized" conversation analysis from the (postanalytic) ethnomethodological standpoint.

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.27-43, 1997-01-01

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This paper attempts to explicate what ethnomethodological studies of science and mathematics are by considering chapters 8 & 9 of Making Sense of Ethnomethodology written by an ethnomethodological sociologist, E. Livingston. He is a leading expert in the field of ethnomethodological studies of science. He took his Ph. D in sociology at UCLA by writing The Ethnomethodological Foundations of Mathematics. His second book , Making Sense of Ethnomethodology, was written as a general introduction to ethnomethodology (EM below) , clearly presenting the features and purposes of studies in EM. EM tries to respecify the fundamental problems and methods of social science research in a radical way. Because of the technicalities of the EM's literature, difficulties in gaining access to EM's original studies and many misinterpretations of EM's studies, many professional sociologists do not seem to have a good understanding of the features and practices of EM. Dr. Livingston says, "I know of no academic discipline that suffered more at the hands of its expositors than ethnomethodology." With this in the background, the text of this book discusses many topics in EM studies, ranging from embodied settings, naturally organized ordinary activities and the problem of social order, including an introduction to conversational analysis, to the work of proving a theorem in Euclidean geometry. It provides a readable account of extended ethnomethodological studies. In Chapter 8 a statistics exercise is discussed and Chapter 9 is a self-contained introduction to EM. This chapter is said to be readable independently of the statistics exercise and to be central to the entire book.\n 本稿は,エスノメソドロジー的社会学者,エリク・リヴィングストンの著書『エスノメソドロジーを理解する』の第8章と第9章を素材にして,科学・数学のエスノメソドロジー研究とは何かを検討する試みである。彼は『数学のエスノメソドロジー的基礎づけ』でUCLAからPh. Dを取得した科学のエスノメソドロジストの第一人者である。『エスノメソドロジーを理解する』は,エスノメソドロジー(以下EMと略)へのわかりやすい一般的な入門書として書かれたものであり,EM研究の性質と目的を明確に,妥協せず紹介している。EMは,社会科学研究の基礎問題や方法のラディカルな再特定化を提示しているが,エスノメソドロジストの著作の専門性や,原型のEM研究に接触することの困難性,およびEM研究についての多くの誤解や曲解のために,一般の社会学者もEMの性質や実践を十分には理解できていないと思われる。「EMほど,解説者の手を通してひどい目に会ってきた学問分野を私は知らない」とは,リヴィングストンの言葉である。このような背景において本書のテクストは,具体的な場面・「自然に編成された普通の活動」・社会秩序問題からはじまり,会話分析入門を含んで,ユークリッド幾何学の定理の証明ワークの記述まで扱っており,広範なEM研究についての読みやすい説明を与えてくれるものである。そして本書の第8章は「統計学の練習問題」を論じており,第9章は自己充足的なEM入門であり,「統計学の練習問題」から独立して読むこともできる本書の中心部分なのである。

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

The Japan Sociological Society

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.188-205, 1994-09-30 (Released:2009-10-13)

参考文献数

16

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本稿は, EM (=エスノメソドロジー) 研究の達成業績に関する主張点を理解することを目的に, EM研究の方針と方法についてのガーフィンケルの議論を検討する試みである。EM研究と伝統的研究 (=形式的分析的社会学) が, 通約不能に代替的な社会学として対照的に識別される!それは, 社会学的研究が問題とする不朽の普通の社会における/としての (in and as) 秩序現象の産出やその説明=叙述可能性に対する強調点が異なるからである。従ってEM研究と伝統的研究における方針と方法を比較することで, EM研究の方針と方法が弁別的に明示されることになる。さらにまたEM研究というものが, 局所的に産出された, 自然にそして相互反映的に叙述可能なラディカルな秩序現象として, 秩序トピックを再特定化しており, そのことにはもっともな理由があるのだということが理解されるはずである!というのも再特定化された秩序現象には, 秩序産出のための通約不能で非対称的に代替的な二つのテクノロジーが有るからである!ラディカルな秩序現象のEM研究が見出しているのは, こうした二つのテクノロジーが, 自然に叙述可能な秩序現象を産出しているワークなのである。このような理解を通して, EM研究が社会学的研究にどのように寄与しているかを考察してみることにする。

著者

江原 由美子 樫村 志郎 西阪 仰 藤村 正之 山崎 敬一 山田 富秋 椎野 信雄 坂本 佳鶴恵

出版者

東京都立大学

雑誌

総合研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

1990

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初年度においては文献研究と研究計画の決定のための研究活動をおこない、第二年度においてはその研究計画に基き調査を実施した。最終年度においては、それらをもとに、研究成果を論文化することを主要な課題とし、研究報告書の作成に着手した。本研究の性格上、収集したデータの分析は、今後も継続して行われると思われるが、報告書作成段階において得られた知見を以下に挙げる。第一に、対面的相互行存状況においては、状況内にある参与者の身体(視線、顔、身体の向き、参与者相互の身体配置等)が相互行存進行の上で非常に重要な意味をもっていること。第二に、特定の制度的文脈においては、特定の相互行存的特徴がみられること.第三に、特定の制度的文脈において発生する会話トピックには、一定の範域があり、その範域をコントロールしようとする参与者の実践がみられること。第四に、それらの特定の制度的な文脈における相互行存の特徴は、相互行存参与者の、「協働的達成」として成立していること。これらの知見は、社会秩序それじたいが、行存者の「協働的達成」として成立していることを明らかにしている。社会秩序の「協働的達成」のための身体技術に関しては、その一部を報告書において明らかにしたが、今後さらに詳細な研究が必要である。

著者

椎野 信雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.23-42, 2001-02

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Various research programs in the "new" sociology of scientific knowledge emerged in the latter half of 1970s. British sociologists such as Barnes, Bloor, Mulkay, Collins and so forth were challenging the Mertonian functionalist sociology of science. The aim of the new sociology of scientific knowledge has been to investigate and explain the "contents" of scientific knowledge per se. Ethnomethodological studies of scientific practices were surrounded by the emergence of these "new" programs in social studies of science. Although ethnomethodological studies of science have often been understood without being distinguished from these "new" programs, it seems that ethnomethodological studies differ from these programs in their perspective on language, science and action. In spite of their commitments to a supposedly "radical" view of scientific knowledge, the new sociologies use some conventional social science terminologies and explanatory formulae, and seem caught in a trap concerning the usage of ordinary language in social science and philosophy. Garfinke's ethnomethodology appears to advocate a complete departure from these conventional views of language and science which the new programs have taken over. We will make sense of ethonomethodological studies of science by reviewing how ethonomethodology sees the "new" programs. In this paper we would like to leave a port to the sea of argumentation by regarding ethnomethodologist M. Lynch's studies of science as leading light. Ethnomethodology's agenda is, according to Lynch, to reconsider what it means to produce observations, descriptions and explanations of something "actual." Garfinkel's program is not interested in explaining scientific facts by reference to the social context of their production. The program does not try to construct comprehensive models of activities and institutions. Its objective is to examine how scientific works are produced from the disciplinary-specific Lebenswelt of scientific projects. The aim is not to explain "discovery" as a matter of "social construction" but to try to gain a better understanding of scientific work.