著者

澤井 和彦

出版者

日本スポーツ産業学会

雑誌

スポーツ産業学研究 (ISSN:13430688)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.263-273, 2011 (Released:2011-11-23)

参考文献数

49

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This paper presents a comparative institutional analysis of the endogenous and self-enforcing system of “Japanese company sports” and examines the characteristics of the design and problems of its transitions. The remarkable feature of the institutional design of Japanese company sports in the sports domain is the “institutional complementarity” with Japanese-style employment practices in the company domain, mediated by the company athletes who play games simultaneously as athletes in sport domain and as employees in the company domain. Such institutional interdependencies between two different domains also provide managerial resources to the National Sports Federation or top-league organization and greatly affect its institutional design. Thus, we can understand the company sports as an endogenous and self-enforcing equilibrium outcome of the game in both domains.    Because of this institutional complementarity, Japanese company sports can’ t be easily changed, according to what is known in Comparative Institutional Analysis as the “inertia” . For example, it is difficult to dismiss an employee who is a company athlete under the Japanese-style employment practice. However, in recent years, because of the slow economic growth and decreasing corporate profits, combined with the decreasing merits of Japanese-style employment practices, the benefit of company sports in the context of labor management has decreased significantly. By considering these factors, a transition to an alternative system of professional or community sport is planned. However, one issue involved with this transition is that although company sports bring great benefits, the transition involves risk for the athletes, as they must rebuild their careers in some way. The second issue is that for company sports, which are at the center of company costs, independent management as well as intellectual and personal management resources are not combined. The third issue is the adjustment of complementarity with the existing systems during transition.

著者

岡田 真平 齋藤 昇 澤井 和彦 出町 一郎 上岡 洋晴 武藤 芳照

出版者

身体教育医学研究編集委員会

雑誌

身体教育医学研究 (ISSN:13456962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.11-31, 2000 (Released:2009-04-16)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this research is to find out if there is a relationship between children's mind and everyday-life actions centered on playing.A questionnaire was handed out to the students above grade 3 and their parents of I school (Kanagawa prefecture) and K school (Nagano prefecture) on the children's everyday-life and their mind. The results were sorted out by sex and place into four groups: I school male, K school male, I school female, and K school female. Considering the difference in place and sex, the results were analyzed using the quantification theory type III and the relationships were examined.The patterns of children's everyday-life activities centered on playing was similar in each group even though the numbers of each activity differed among each place. The patterns were simplified to “playing inside⁄outside” “many⁄few friends” “contact⁄no contact with media” “yes⁄no conflicts”. The change in pattern according to grade was seen in all groups except for boys of K school. Through examinations of activity pattern and mind, the following relations were identified; “self-evaluations on exercise,” “self-evaluations on health,” “the level of irritation,” and “frequency of outbreak⁄strike.” From the results, there was no simple relation between the place children play (in⁄out) and their mind such as irritation and outbreak. This shows that when dealing with children's mind and body, it is effective to observe children's general everyday-life on a wide range scale.

著者

澤井 和彦

出版者

日本スポーツ産業学会

雑誌

スポーツ産業学研究 (ISSN:13430688)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.2_169-2_184, 2014 (Released:2014-11-21)

参考文献数

45

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This study uses property rights theory to comparatively analyze the institutional design of the spectator sports business by examining both a company basketball club and a professional basketball club of Japan’ s top basketball league, whose hometowns were adjacent to each other. Then we try to clarify the possibilities and problems of the institutional transition from a company club to a professional club. To evaluate the “property” (attributes of goods and services) in the spectator sports businesses, we administered a questionnaire survey to spectators attending home games of each club, in which we asked fans if their motivation consisted of “team attachment,” “player attachment,” “sports attachment,” and/or “community pride.” Employees and stakeholders of both clubs were interviewed to identify the assignment of property rights to utilize the value corresponding to the fans’ motivation.    Our results showed that company club fans showed significantly higher “player attachment,” while professional club fans showed significantly higher “community pride.” Moreover, despite the fans’ higher player attachment, the company clubs failed to efficiently utilize “player value” (an attribute of spectator sports that motivated fans via player attachment) because the required property rights actually belong to the parent company, which employs players as full-time employees of the main business, rather than as players. However, the economic advantage that company athletes gained from simultaneously performing a double role (top athlete and full-time employee) provided the company clubs more opportunities to recruit players than the professional clubs, whose budgets for player salaries were limited. In contrast, professional clubs had control over most of the property rights required to utilize the element “value for community resource,” (an attribute of spectator sports that motivated fans via community pride) although these rights were dispersed to stakeholders who had little incentive to engage in the community activities from a medium- and long-term perspective in the company clubs. More fans attended home games of the professional clubs than company clubs, and the utilization of the value for community resources was one factor behind this difference. Therefore, assigning property rights of the value for community resources and also the lack of human resources of business management in company club can be considered the key aspects of institutional design required by spectator sports businesses and the answer to the problem of successful institutional transition from a company club to a professional club.

著者

内田 好治 舟橋 弘晃 澤井 和彦 間野 義之

出版者

Japan Society of Sports Industry

雑誌

スポーツ産業学研究 (ISSN:13430688)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.2_195-2_206, 2020 (Released:2020-04-20)

参考文献数

27

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Opposing clubs involve not only sports competitors but also economic partners that are likely to influence fan behavior. Therefore, it is important to understand rivalry in team sports to ensure the financial viability of the leagues and teams. However, much of the study on rivalry in sports has focused either on professional or high-level men’s collegiate team sports in the US. The research in this study explored the perceptual rivalry of a Japanese professional sport club’s supporters against other clubs and the reasons for the rivalry. Data were collected via an email survey of the official fan club members of Alvark Tokyo, a Japanese professional basketball team in the B.League (N=377). Respondents were asked to rank up to five of the biggest rival clubs in the B.League first division and assess their subjective intensity of rivalry on a 100-point direct rating scale (RP). Next, they were asked to answer the reasons for their rivalry perception, based on 17 rivalry element items. The intensity of the rivalry against each club was calculated as the average value of the RP. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the differences in the reasons why each club was recognized as the biggest rival. The Chiba Jets was selected as the biggest rival team (RP=84.0), followed by the Tochigi Brex (RP=82.1), the Ryukyu Golden Kings (RP=61.2), the Kawasaki Brave Thunders (RP=56.0), the Seahorses Mikawa (RP=27.4), and the Sunrockers Shibuya (RP=16.9). The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that the reasons for supporters’ perception of rivalry differed significantly across the six clubs. The empirical results suggested that the rivalry against other clubs may be amplified by the overlapping of conditions such as comparable competitiveness, geographical proximity, and historical relationships. Some practical implications are provided.

著者

石川 勝彦 束原 文郎 舟橋 弘晃 横田 匡俊 澤井 和彦 長倉 富貴 中村 祐介 岡本 円香

出版者

日本スポーツ産業学会

雑誌

スポーツ産業学研究 (ISSN:13430688)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.2_207-2_215, 2022-04-01 (Released:2022-04-17)

参考文献数

22

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The present study investigated how academic performance and athletic performance were related to the results of athletic students’ getting a job offer from companies which are preferred by college students in job hunting. One thousand seven hundred thirty-nine student athletes were surveyed regarding the result of job hunting, the difficulty of entrance exam of university, national/private university, getting a scholarship, classification of entrance exam, academic performance (GPA), athletic performance, and gender. Results showed that the difficulty of entrance exam of university is the most effective factor relating to the results of getting a job in companies preferred by college students. In particular, the effects of academic performance and athletic performance on job hunting were not common to all participants, but were limited to the universities with the highest admission difficulty.

著者

伊藤 かさね 高井 ろみた 大嶋 鴻太 中原 亜莉沙 布施 佑馬 森田 修司 澤井 和彦

出版者

日本スポーツ産業学会

雑誌

スポーツ産業学研究 (ISSN:13430688)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.3_257-3_267, 2022-07-01 (Released:2022-07-23)

参考文献数

17

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In recent years, regional migration has become an important policy theme in Japan from the perspectives of correcting the concentration of population in Tokyo and regional revitalization. Based on the previous studies, not only public policies and institutions but also the “social capital” of the destination region and migrants are considered important to promote migration and support migrants. On the other hand, fans and supporters of community-based professional sports clubs have high social capital, suggesting that they may play a new public role as social public goods. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the use of J. League clubs to promote immigration and support immigrants. Based on interviews with people who have immigrated to rural areas and people involved with J. League clubs, etc., it was considered that the following elements are important to promote and support migration: “community” and “human resources” to connect migrants to local informal networks, and “place” and “content” to expand such opportunities. In particular, the problem is how to procure communities and human resources with “bridging social capital”. On the other hand, it was suggested that supporters of J. League clubs and their communities have bridging social capital, which could be a potential management resource for the development of migration support mechanisms. Based on the above findings and analysis, the authors proposed a “J. League Clubs’ Authorized Welcome Café”, operated in collaboration with J. League Clubs, supporters, and local governments to promote regional migration and support migrants at the “Sports Policy for Japan 2020”, a conference on sports policy conducted by university students held in November 2020. The café will be a “place where anyone can stop by casually”, including not only soccer fans but also local residents and prospective immigrants. If the social capital of J Club supporters can function as a “bridge”, such cafes have the potential to reach a wide range of people. One of the important findings of this study is the potential of J-club fans/supporters to become a management resource for the community when viewed from the perspective of social capital. These findings may be applicable not only to the promotion of migration, but also to the solution of various local issues.

著者

澤井 和彦

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.381-387, 2004-03-10

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The purpose of this study is to research the variety of sport activity and sport image among the students in University of Tokyo, and to investigate its semantics in their lifestyle. We categorized the students to four types by the club that they belonged, such as, 1) students who belong to the official sport club of university, 2) students who belong to unofficial sport club of university, 3) students who belong to non-sport club and 4) students who do not belong to any clubs. As the result, we could find that each category possibly related to the different pattern of their sport image, lifestyle and gender, which meant that sport was variously imaged, accepted and used by students as the resource of their person systems.

著者

澤井 和彦 高橋 義雄

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.457-468, 2005-03-10

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The purpose of this study is 1) to describe the allocation of sports resources at the University of Tokyo as the institution including some economic units and their rules, and 2) to investigate the merits and demerits of resource allocation using the Peer-to-Peer Networks through development and operation of the on-line reservation system for sport facilities. Basically, sports resources are allocated by re-distribution system in the organization of the University of Tokyo and ""The Univ. of Tokyo Athletic Association"" which is independent organization usually called ""Undou-kai"". The university decreased their re-distribution costs by making the part of their management cost internalized in the organization and moralistic communication of ""Undou-kai"", whereas the ""Undou-kai"" also decreased their costs to maintain their membership by making their operating cost internalized in the organization of the university. However, the number of students who belong to unofficial sport clubs is three times more than students who belong to the official sport club of ""Undou-kai"", which that the re-distribution system by university authorities and ""Undou-kai"" is unfair or inefficient for the students. We also investigated the possibility to make the distribution fair or efficient by Peer-to-Peer Networks using on-line reservation system for sport facilities.

著者

澤井 和彦

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.52, 2001-08-10