著者

濱田 信夫 藤田 忠雄

出版者

Osaka Urban Living and Health Association

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.51-61, 2001-03-30 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

(社)大阪生活衛生協会

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.89-96, 1999-05-30 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

18

---

Fungal and yeasty contamination in bathrooms was studied using the swabbing method. The average number of fungi was larger on the ceiling and upper parts of the wall than that of the floor and lower parts of the wall. In the upper parts of the bathroom, Cladosporium was the predominant fungi in both summer and winter, followed by Exophiala, Aureobasidium, Phoma and Acremonium. In the lower parts of the bathroom, Exophiala was predominant, and represented around 80% of all fungi. Rhodotorula was the predominant yeast in all parts of the bathroom. Cladosporium, more than Exophiala, Rhodotorula and others, seemed to affect the dirtiness of bathrooms. Additionally, the growth rate of each type of fungus on the walls of the bathroom were compared after cleaning. It was observed that the number of fungi after 2 months was less than half that of pre-cleaning.Ventilation was effective in reducing fungal and yeasty contamination. The effects of moisture on fungal contamination was more remarkable in the upper parts of the bathroom than in the lower parts, including the floor. The effects of cleaning were distinctly recognized on the floor, because the frequency of cleaning the floor is much higher than that of the upper parts of the bathroom.

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

Osaka Urban Living and Health Association

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.5, pp.343-350, 2006 (Released:2006-10-19)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

---

A review was undertaken of fungal contamination in indoor environments. Fungal contamination of house dust in carpets and tatami-mats during the summer seemed to have decreased compared to thirty years ago, unlike contamination in winter. Recently, excessively dry indoor environments have been found in the upper stories of condominiums. On the other hand, bathrooms are still the rooms most severely contaminated by fungi. Especially in bathrooms without windows, ventilation and dehumidifying equipment are essential for eliminating fungal contamination.Air-conditioners and washing machines as new sources of fungal contamination were discussed. Contaminated air-conditioners discharge fungal spores in their output and may promote fungal allergy in users. In the last ten years, manufacturers have attempted to improve the design to reduce fungal contamination. The interior of automatic-type washing machines can become contaminated by mold with dark hyphae. The concentration of mold and dirt was most severe in the upper part of the spine tube and seemed to parallel the quantity of surfactant adhering to the surface of the spine tube. Detergent is thought to promote fungal contamination in washing machines. Effective treatments are thus important for controlling fungal contamination in washing machines, including usage of nutrient-free detergent.

著者

濱田 信夫 森 義明

出版者

Osaka Urban Living and Health Association

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.3, pp.139-144, 2003-05-30 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

---

Change of fungal and bacterial counts inoculated to towel and subjected to treatment by clothes dryer or natural sun-drying was examined. No significant difference was found in sterilizing effect on fungi and bacteria by drying of towel in the sun or in the shade. Sterilizing effect on C. cladosporioides and P. digitatum was higher in towel sun-dried in summer than in winter, and in towel dried by clothes dryer at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. E. coli as well as T. rubrum seems to be killed with loss of moisture in towel regardless of temperature at which towel is dried.

著者

濱田 信夫 中村 正樹

出版者

Osaka Urban Living and Health Association

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.6, pp.365-371, 2005 (Released:2005-12-07)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

---

Three kinds of fungi were cultured on various media (including different 30 surfactants, anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, and cationic surfactants) and a comparison of their growth was made. The growth of all three fungi was inhibited by anionic, amphoteric, and cationic surfactants. In particular, no colonies of these fungi were found on 0.25% of these surfactants and only small colonies were found on 0.05%. On the other hand, although two fatty acid-amide type nonionic surfactants inhibited the growth of the three fungi, no inhibition on the their growth was found on media including other nonionics. For example, fatty-acid ester type nonionics promoted the growth of all three fungi. In particular, Scolecobasidium constrictum, a dominant fungus in washing machines, grew well on media including polyoxyethylene-alkylether nonionic surfactants, in contrast with Cladosporium cladosporioides, a common fungus in indoor environments. Fatty-acid amide type surfactants were noticed for their potential to be exploited in detergent for fungus-free washing machines.

著者

濱田 信夫 藤田 忠雄 中村 正樹

出版者

Osaka Urban Living and Health Association

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.85-90, 2002-05-30 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2

---

The sterilizing effects of laundry detergent and oxygen and chlorine bleach on fungal spores were examined. Bleach did not appreciably kill spores of common fungi such as Penicillium and Cladosporium species in water at 25°C, but, increase in water temperature accelerated the sterilizing effect of bleach. Hot water, higher than 30°C, with bleach was effective for killing fungal spores.Bleach is more effective than detergent for washing cloth samples contaminated with the species of Cladosporium used in 25°C water, although fungal spores are not effectively killed. Fungal mycelia are more sensitive to bleach than their spores, so mycelia on fabric are bleached more easily than their spores.

著者

濱田 信夫 井原 望 石木 茂

出版者

日本菌学会

雑誌

日本菌学会大会講演要旨集 日本菌学会第53回大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89, 2009 (Released:2009-10-30)

---

一般住宅の浴室の壁面に、4年間貼り付けておいたシリコンについて、その汚染カビに対する次亜塩素酸の効果を調べた。シリコンのカビ汚染は表面から0.5mmまでの部分に主に見られた。カビ汚染したシリコンを1%の次亜塩素酸溶液に1分間浸した場合、表面殺菌はできても、内部の多くのカビは殺菌できず、汚れも依然として多く残存した。汚染カビとしては、Exophiala, Phoma, Scolecobasidium、Cladosporiumなどの暗色のカビが検出された。さらに、10分間浸した場合も、汚れは完全にはなくならなかった。また、ほとんどのカビは死滅するが、しばしば、Phomaだけが生き残こり、その汚れもPhomaによることがわかった。Phomaの胞子は、ExophialaやScolecobasidiumなどの胞子に比較して次亜塩素酸に対する感受性は高いが、胞子が被子器(Pycnidium)に内蔵されているため、殺菌するのが難しいことが分かった。Phomaによるカビ汚染は、シリコンにおいて最も除去しにくいものであるといえよう。この汚染カビは、Phoma herbarum で、ExophialaやScolecobasidiumと同様に、石鹸やシャンプーを栄養とするカビであり、柔らかいシリコン内部で生育し、子器を形成することがわかった。 一般住宅の浴室の樹脂壁やタイルの目地部分にはカビ汚染が多い。ふき取り調査によって、シリコンと軟質樹脂とセメントを比較した場合、一般にセメントにはCladosporiumがより多く、シリコンではPhomaがより多いことがわかった。シリコンの場合には、シリコン内部で多く生育しているPhomaがシリコン表面にも多くの胞子を放出すると思われる。シリコンは一旦カビ汚染すると、除去するのが難しく、予防の重要性が認識された。

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

Osaka Urban Living and Health Association

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.131-138, 2004 (Released:2005-01-27)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

4

---

The distribution and composition of dirt on the interior of washing machines were examined. Dirt accumulated most at the bottom of spin tubs with large aluminum die-cast flanges and accumulated in constant weight in other parts. Dirt consisted of mold, textile fiber and zeolite, added to detergent as a water softener. Zeolite was a main component of dirt adhering to the interior of washing machines. Mold hyphae were present more in the upper part of the interior, and large amounts of textile fibers were contained in dirt from other parts of the interior. Weight of dirt on the spin tub increased with increasing of length of use, which differed from the quantity of surfactants on the interior. Environmental factors affecting mold contamination in automatic-type washing machines were also studied. As regards factors related to nutrients, no correlation was found between recycling of bath water and mold contamination in washing machines. However, the quantity of surfactant adhering to the washing machine interior was found to promote mold contamination. Ways of controlling mold contamination in washing machines are also discussed.

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

九州ルーテル学院大学

雑誌

紀要visio : research reports (ISSN:13432133)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.77-92, 2014-12-03

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

Osaka Urban Living and Health Association

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.161-167, 2005 (Released:2005-06-07)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2

---

Eight varieties of fungus were cultured on various media containing different surfactants and their rates of growth compared. All eight fungi grew on media containing sodium oleate, a sodium fatty acid used in soap, and some species of Scolecobasidium, Exophiala and Torula also grew on media containing AE, a non-ionic surfactant used in synthetic detergent. Unlike the other fungi, Scolecobasidium grew faster on media containing AE than on that containing sodium oleate. Similarly, unlike in washing machines using soap, Scolecobasidium was dominant in washing machines using synthetic detergent. On the other hand, all 8 fungi grew on media containing 0.01% of the anionic surfactants LAS or ABS. The fungal flora of washing machines using synthetic detergent was therefore thought to be determined by non-ionic surfactant and not by anionic surfactant.

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

Osaka Urban Living and Health Association

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.108-113, 2005 (Released:2005-04-08)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

9

---

Four kinds of fungi were cultured on various media, including different surfactants, and their growth was compared. Cladosporium cladosporioides and Aureobasidium sp., which are common fungi in indoor environments, were inhibited by detergents, especially synthetic detergent. On the other hand, Scolecobasidium sp. and Exophiala alcalophila, the dominant varieties inside washing machines, were not inhibited. Moreover, growth of the latter two fungi was promoted even on media containing 0.25% of detergent. Scolecobasidium sp. and E. alcalophila are thought to utilize detergent as a nutrient, and to be adapted to the environmental conditions inside washing machines.

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

Osaka Urban Living and Health Association

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.6, pp.237-246, 1989-11-10 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

8

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

(社)大阪生活衛生協会

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.5, pp.295-303, 2007 (Released:2007-10-09)

参考文献数

14

---

The fungal flora in the house dust of dwellings was examined in both the winter and summer of 2006. The xerophilic fungi, Aspergillus restrictus and Wallemia, which grow in house dust, were markedly abundant as well as Cladosporium and Penicillium. The average numbers of fungi detected were larger in tatami dust than in carpet dust or in flooring dust. Floor materials, for example whether the carpet was wool or synthetic, affected the fungal contamination of house dust. Fungal contamination was found to be less on upper floors, in houses located on flat land than on the first floor or on sloping land. More fungal contamination was detected in older dwellings of 26 years or more than in newer ones of 25 years or less. The fungal count in the house dust of rooms with daily use of air-conditioning in summer and heating in winter was about half of that in rooms rarely heated or air-conditioned. Factors removing moisture from the room atmosphere and floor were thought to reduce the fungal contamination of house dust.

著者

濱田 信夫 阿部 仁一郎

出版者

大阪市立環境科学研究所

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2009

---

日本でもヨーロッパでも、いずれの浴室のカビも遺伝子的に非常に近縁であったが、野外から採取されたいずれの種の株とも異なっていた。一方、野外から採取された株について、界面活性剤の培地で培養を試みた。その結果、野外から採取した株の中に、その培地で生育するものが見つかった。野外の界面活性剤を利用できる特性を元来持っていた株が、浴室などの洗剤を使う水回りという新しい環境を得て繁殖しているのが、浴室のカビと言えよう。

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

九州ルーテル学院大学

雑誌

紀要visio : research reports = Visio (ISSN:13432133)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.77-92, 2014-12-03

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.25-48, 2003-03-25 (Released:2010-11-18)

---

This paper analyzes the process of the Kawasaki strike, which lasted from December 1947 to July 1948, Nishiyama Yataro, later president of Kawasaki Steel, was the director of the steelworks divisions of Kawasaki Heavy Industries. The main operation was in the Fukiai district of Kobe. Nishiyama faced corporate restructuring in a tug-of-war between the management and the radicalized union at Fukiai.The militant union demanded so large a role in management as to infringe on corporate leadership. The national labor federation, Sanbetsu, which was organized by the the Japan Communist Party, and the steel industry arm of Sanbetsu, Zentetsuro, were behind this labor movement. The union had won contracts (labor agreements) along the Sanbetsu model and was influenced by the communist fraction. Japan Federation of Employers' Association, Nikkeiren, identified the Kawasaki strike as a crucial struggle with the enemy, which it identified as communism.In this strike, Nishiyama organized staff and workers to fight the militant agitation that had taken over the union. During the struggle, the membership of the militant “first” union declined, and the membership of the cooperative “second” union rapidly increased. Thus, he broke the radical union and succeeded in formating a new and loyal union.Moreover, this paper points out that this strike marked a turning point for relations between management and union. In 1949, Nishiyama won new labor agreements to keep the industry peace and raise productivity. And he lead Kawasaki Steel, turning it into a major integrated iron and steel production in the 1950s.

著者

濱田 信夫 宮脇 博巳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.49-60, 1998-04-25 (Released:2017-05-25)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

1

---

Far more studies on lichens as bioindicators of air pollution have been done in Europe and North America than in Japan. It is therefore necessary to grasp the background of European scicnce in this field in order to perform these difficult studies. Such studies shoud help to clarify the comprehensive influence of many air pollutants on lichens, and recent changes in the environmental situation. Remarkable studies carried out in Europe over the last 30 years, and recent reports, including those on acid rain, are reviewed. The authors discuss how to actually perform studies of lichens in Japan, based on their investigations in and around Osaka City.

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

Osaka Urban Living and Health Association

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.124-130, 2004 (Released:2005-01-27)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

7

---

Microbiological flora on the interior of automatic-type washing machines were examined in 24 homes. Mold contamination as well as general bacteria and yeast were higher in the upper part of the spin tub than in other parts. Of molds contaminating washing machine interiors, Exophiala and Scolecobasidium, which have dark hyphae, were predominant, followed by Torula and Cladosporium. Dirt found in the upper part of the spin tub was darker than in other parts, similar to the distribution of mold. Dirt suspended in washing water seemed to derive chiefly from the upper part of the spin tub. Suspended dirt was thought to be fragments from the old hyphae of mold grown on the interior of washing machines. Yeast contamination was comparatively higher in new washing machines while mold contamination was higher in old machines. Microbiological “succession” was also found to be present in washing machines. Cleaning of washing machines is generally ineffective for killing spores and eliminating hyphae of molds, ways of cleaning washing machines are also discussed.

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

九州ルーテル学院大学

雑誌

紀要visio : research reports = Visio (ISSN:13432133)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.81-94, 2013-12-03

著者

濱田 信夫

出版者

九州ルーテル学院大学

雑誌

紀要visio : research reports = Visio (ISSN:13432133)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.23-34, 2005-07-31