著者

Benseman T. M. Koshelev A. E. Kwok W.-K. Welp U. Vlasko-Vlasov V. K. Kadowaki K. Minami H. Watanabe C.

出版者

American Institute of Physics

雑誌

Journal of applied physics (ISSN:00218979)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.13, pp.133902, 2013-04

被引用文献数

55

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Stacks of intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) made from high-temperature superconductors such as Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi-2212) (BSCCO) are a promising source of coherent continuous-wave terahertz radiation. It is thought that at electrical bias conditions under which THz-emission occurs, hot spots may form due to resistive self-heating, and that these spots may be highly beneficial for the generation of high levels of THz power. Here, we perform an imaging study of the temperature distribution at the surface of BSCCO stacks utilizing the temperature-dependent 612 nm fluorescence line of Eu3+ in a europium chelate. The images directly reveal a highly non-uniform temperature distribution in which the temperature in the middle of the stack can exceed the superconducting transition temperature by tens of Kelvin under biasing conditions typical for THz-emission.

著者

Masami YONEYAMA Taro TAKAHARA Thomas C. KWEE Masanobu NAKAMURA Takashi TABUCHI

出版者

Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

雑誌

Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences (ISSN:13473182)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2012-0063, (Released:2013-05-10)

被引用文献数

28 68

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Purpose: To introduce, optimize, and assess the feasibility of a new scheme to rapidly acquire high-resolution volumetric neurographic images using a three-dimensional turbo spin-echo sequence combined with a diffusion-weighted pre-pulse called improved motion-sensitized driven equilibrium (iMSDE): Diffusion-prepared MR Neurography (D-prep MRN). Methods: In order to optimize the signal suppression of blood vessels and muscle at D-prep MRN, coronal lumbosacral plexus images were acquired in five volunteers at 3T, and the following parameters were examined: iMSDE gradient-strength (b-value) of 0, 2 and 10 s/mm2 (with the aim to suppress blood vessels) and iMSDE preparation duration (iMSDEprep-time) of 18, 50 and 100 ms (with the aim to suppress muscle signal). Subsequently, the feasibility of the optimized D-prep MRN sequence in visualizing the brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus, and cranial nerves was evaluated in 5 healthy volunteers. Results: A higher b-value of 10 s/mm2 was better in signal suppression of blood vessels, whereas an intermediate iMSDEprep-time of 50 ms provided the best compromise between suppression of muscle signal and minimization of signal loss of nerves. With these parameters, the normal nerve structures showed high signal intensity, while the blood vessels and muscles were effectively suppressed. The optimized D-prep MRN sequence clearly showed the three-dimensional trajectory of the brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus, and cranial nerves. Conclusion: D-prep MRN was introduced and optimized, and clearly showed detailed anatomy of the brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus, and cranial nerves. These results suggest that the D-prep MRN can be used for fast, high-resolution, volumetric imaging of the peripheral nervous system.

著者

Kane Gerald C. Fichman Robert G. Gallaugher John

出版者

ダイヤモンド社

雑誌

Diamondハーバード・ビジネス・レビュー

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.7, pp.72-85, 2010-07

著者

ジョン・C・リリー著 神谷敏郎 尾澤和幸共訳

出版者

NTT出版

巻号頁・発行日

1994

著者

C・ブラックリッジ著 藤田真利子訳

出版者

河出書房新社

巻号頁・発行日

2011

著者

Friedrich Beck John C. Eccles

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.2_95-2_109, 1998-06-01 (Released:2008-10-03)

参考文献数

52

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The question whether neural activities in the brain can be correlated with conscious action is as old as brain research itself. Even in view of the remarkable progress of neuroscience in recent years, the question is far from being settled. The difficulties arise from the fact that the qualia of consciousness connected with thoughts, emotions, free decisions, can hardly be reconciled with the concept of a causal, computer-like neural net. A new and intriguing view of the relation between brain and consciousness arises, however, if quantum processes play a decisive role in brain activity. The quantum state reduction, or selection of amplitudes, offers a doorway for a new logic, the quantum logic, with its unpredictability for a single event. Brain activity consists of a constant firing of neural cells, regulated by synaptic switches which establish the connections between neurons. Conscious action, e.g. intention, is a dynamical process which forms temporal patterns in some areas of the brain. We discuss how synaptic activity in the form of exocytosis of transmitter molecules can be regulated effectively by a quantum trigger based on an electron transfer process in the synaptic membrane. Conscious action is hereby essentially related to quantum state reduction.

著者

Patrick C. CABAITAN Hiromi YAMAMOTO Kazuhiko SAKAI

出版者

日本サンゴ礁学会

雑誌

Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies (ISSN:18830838)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.27-40, 2012 (Released:2013-03-22)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 7

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Coral communities at nine sites off the coast of Motobu, Okinawa, were examined 6 and 12 years after a 1998 mass coral bleaching event caused by anomalous seawater temperatures. Overall, mean coral coverage increased from 17% in 2006 to 28% in 2010 at these sites, although these percentages were lower than the coral coverage at a nearby reef at Sesoko Island. Some of the corals that had not recovered (the “losers”) at the Sesoko reef were found at some sites in the present study. Dominant coral taxa differed among sites, probably because of differences in the environmental conditions at the sites, e.g., the so-called massive-type coral Porites dominated at a protected site near a river, while branching-type Acropora was dominant at exposed sites. Acropora was one of the prominent short-term losers, but contributed significantly to coral coverage increases due to its fast growth at some exposed sites. Adjacent reefs, which may share similar environmental conditions, also showed some variability, possibly due to processes such as coral recruitment and post settlement survival, which acted on a smaller spatial scale. Multivariate analyses such as multidimensional scaling were more sensitive than univariate analyses. Overall, recruitment was low, especially at sites with high coral coverage, which implies that remnant corals may have contributed to the recovery of these reefs. Coral communities in this area are recovering and there has been no apparent shift to algae-dominated communities. The recovery of coral communities appears to be related to the life history traits of corals and environmental conditions.

著者

Donald M. Topping with the assistance of Bernadita C. Dungca

出版者

University Press of Hawaii

巻号頁・発行日

1973

著者

Estoque Ronald C. Murayama Yuji

出版者

University of Tsukuba, Doctoral Program in Geoenvironmental Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences

雑誌

Tsukuba geoenvironmental sciences (ISSN:18806252)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.3-8, 2012-12-28

著者

スティーブンT.ソニス ロバートC.ファジオ レスリーS.T.ファン著 島原政司 勝健一監訳

出版者

メディカル・サイエンス・インターナショナル

巻号頁・発行日

2004

著者

SASSY-PRIGENT C

雑誌

Diabetes

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.466-475, 2000

被引用文献数

9 242

著者

edited by Michael C. Ewing and Marian Klamer

出版者

Pacific Linguistics, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University

巻号頁・発行日

2010

著者

Bergsten C. Fred

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1273, pp.12-14, 2005-01-03

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今年は米国経済が成長を続けられるか、それとも経済運営に失敗して大きな痛手を被るのか。命運を分ける年となるでしょう。 米国政府は2005年のGDP(国内総生産)の成長率を3.5%と予想しています。私はそれを楽観的すぎるとは思っていません。米国経済は確実に生産性を上げており、金利の調節などの運営もうまくいっています。インフレーションの心配もなさそうです。

著者

Yamagata K Arai C Sasaki H Takeuchi Y Onizawa K Yanagawa T Ishibashi N Karube R Shinozuka K Hasegawa Y Chiba S Bukawa H

出版者

Nature Publishing Group

雑誌

Bone marrow transplantation (ISSN:02683369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.725-730, 2012-05

被引用文献数

25 6

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Oral mucositis (OM) is a frequent adverse effect of allogenic or autologous hematopoietic SCT. It results from direct toxic injury to the mucosal epithelial cells by the immunosuppressive regimen. Here, we compared the incidence and severity of OM between a group of 24 patients who received proper oral management during hematopoietic SCT and a group of 24 who did not. The oral management group received pre-hematopoietic SCT instruction on oral care and an oral examination in the clean room. Differences in the incidence and severity of OM between the two groups were examined statistically. OM was observed in 14 (58.3%) patients in the oral management group and 22 (91.6%) in the control group. The median of the OM score was 1 for the oral management group (range 0 to 3) and 2 for the control group (range 0 to 3). There was a significant difference in the OM score (P<0.05) and in the incidence of OM between the two groups (P<0.01). This study shows that oral management may decrease the occurrence of OM. Our results also suggest that it is important to include an oral management provider on the hematopoietic SCT team.

著者

Brouwer P. W. Racine E. Furusaki A. Hatsugai Y. Morita Y. Mudry C.

出版者

American Physical Society

雑誌

Physical review B (ISSN:01631829)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.014204, 2002-07

被引用文献数

32

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If the number of lattice sites is odd, a quantum particle hopping on a bipartite lattice with random hopping between the two sublattices only is guaranteed to have an eigenstate at zero energy. We show that the localization length of this eigenstate depends strongly on the boundaries of the lattice, and can take values anywhere between the mean free path and infinity. The same dependence on boundary conditions is seen in the conductance of such a lattice if it is connected to electron reservoirs via narrow leads. For any nonzero energy, the dependence on boundary conditions is removed for sufficiently large system sizes.

著者

Ileto Reynold C.

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.62-82, 1993-06

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この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

Daugsch A. Moraes C.S. Fort P. Park Y.K.

出版者

玉川大学ミツバチ科学研究所

雑誌

ミツバチ科学 = Honeybee science (ISSN:03882217)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.55-62, 2007-02 (Released:2011-03-05)

著者

by Brent C. Dickerson

出版者

Timber Press

巻号頁・発行日

1992

著者

Kaminski A. Rosenkranz S. Fretwell H. M. Mesot J. Randeria M. Campuzano J. C. Norman M. R. Li Z. Z. Raffy H. Sato T. Takahashi T. Kadowaki K.

出版者

American Physical Society

雑誌

Physical review B (ISSN:01631829)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.212509, 2004-06

被引用文献数

31 34

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One of the interesting features of the photoemission spectra of the high temperature cuprate superconductors is the presence of a large signal (referred to as the "background") in the unoccupied region of the Brillouin zone. Here we present data indicating that the background signal is a component of the photocurrent that is separate from the spectral function and is most likely due to strong scattering of the photoelectrons. We also present an analytical method that can be used to subtract the background signal.

著者

Kaminski A. Fretwell H. M. Norman M. R. Randeria M. Rosenkranz S. Chatterjee U. Campuzano J. C. Mesot J. Sato T. Takahashi T. Terashima T. Takano M. Kadowaki K. Li Z. Z. Raffy H.

出版者

American Physical Society

雑誌

Physical review B (ISSN:10980121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, pp.014517, 2005-01

被引用文献数

83 80

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We examine the momentum and energy dependence of the scattering rate of the high-temperature cuprate superconductors using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The scattering rate is of the form a + bomega around the Fermi surface for under-and optimal doping. The inelastic coefficient b is found to be isotropic. The elastic term a, however, is found to be highly anisotropic for under-and optimally doped samples, with an anisotropy which correlates with that of the pseudogap. This is contrasted with heavily overdoped samples, which show an isotropic scattering rate and an absence of the pseudogap above Tc. We find this to be a generic property for both single-and double-layer compounds.