著者

アーサー・K・バーンズ作 小尾芙佐訳 金森達絵

出版者

あかね書房

巻号頁・発行日

1972

著者

TAKADA JUN HOSHI MASAHARU NAGATOMO TSUNETO YAMAMOTO MASAYOSHI ENDO SATORU TAKATSUJI TOSHIHIRO YOSHIKAWA ISAO GUSEV BORIS I. SAKERBAEV ALEXANDER K. TCHAIJUNUSOVA NAILYA.J.

出版者

日本放射線影響学会

雑誌

Journal of radiation research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.337-344, 1999-12

被引用文献数

13 33 44

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Accumulated external radiation doses of residents near the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site of the former USSR are presented as a results of study by the thermoluminescence technique for bricks sampled at several settlements in 1995 and 1996. The external doses that we evaluated from exposed bricks were up to about 100 cGy for resident. The external doses at several points in the center of Semipalatinsk City ranged from a background level to 60 cGy, which was remarkably high compared with the previously reported values based on military data. INTRODUCTION A total of 459 nuclear tests were conducted by the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) between 1949 and 1989 at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS) of Kazakhstan, including 87 atmospheric, 26 on the ground, and 346 underground explosions1). The total release of the energy equivalent of trinitrotoluene (TNT) of about 18 Mt was eleven hundred times that of the Hiroshima atomic bomb. However, previous reports concerning the effects of radiation on residents near the SNTS based on data provided by the Defense Department of the former USSR2, 3) did not involve direct experimental data concerning the effective equivalent dose. They just measured some doses for particular settlements after some nuclear explosions. These did not indicate an integrated dose of the residents of all the explosions. The technique of thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD), which had been successfully applied in dosimetry for the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs4, 5), enabled us to evaluate the accumulated external gamma ray doses of all the nuclear explosions at specific places in the Semipalatinsk test site. The TLD technique is well-established not only for instantaneous exposure as in A-bombs (Hiroshima and Nagasaki)6) but also in prolonged exposure to natural radiation, which is used in dating7). Moreover, this technique was applicable for dosimetry studies of radioactive fallout as shown in studies of the Chernobyl accident8,9).

著者

Wei Feng Chun Meng Dou Niwa M. Yamada K. Ohmori K.

出版者

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

雑誌

IEEE Electron Device Letters (ISSN:07413106)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.3-5, 2014-01

被引用文献数

3

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The influence of random telegraph noise (RTN) in MOSFETs on drain current (Id) during the rise/fall edges of the pulsed gate voltage (Vg) cycle was investigated. We have revealed for the first time that the existence of RTN increases Id fluctuations under dynamic Vg by making a comparison between FETs with and without RTN. The initial trap occupation states before varying Vg, which are governed by the RTN profiles, significantly affect the Id values during the rise/fall edges of Vg. The revealed effects of RTN with different profiles on Id under dynamic Vg will be useful for designing ultrahigh speed circuits.

著者

Sekimoto S. Watanabe C. Minami H. Yamamoto T. Kashiwagi T. Klemm Richard A. Kadowaki K.

出版者

American Institute of Physics

雑誌

Applied physics letters (ISSN:00036951)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.18, pp.182601, 2013-10

被引用文献数

67 5

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Using a modified mesa structure of high-Tc superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ with a thin underlaying base superconductor (∼3 μm), the effective working temperature of the continuous and monochromatic terahertz emitter is extended up to 70 K, and the maximum power of ∼30 μW at 0.44 THz is achieved at the relatively high temperature of T b = 55 K in a low bias current retrapping region. The diverging behavior of the intensity occurring at 55 K in the low current regime without hot spot formation may provide us an important clue for the stronger THz radiation from intrinsic Josephson junction devices.

著者

ゴラム サルワル A. K. M. 伊藤 利章 高橋 英樹

出版者

日本花粉学会

雑誌

日本花粉学会会誌 (ISSN:03871851)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.15-34, 2006-06-30

被引用文献数

3

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光学顕微鏡(LM)・走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)・透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)により,スノキ属Vaccinium内に認められている30節のうち18節,合計37種の花粉形態を観察し,本属花粉形態の多様性の概要を明らかにした.SEMによる花粉の溝間極域の外壁模様とLMによる花粉形態計測値の類似性を基にして,各種が置かれている属内分類体系について評価した.四集粒花粉の溝間極域の外壁表面模様は,種類により微細いぼ状模様〜しわ状模様〜平滑模様と変異し,しわ状模様単位にはさらに「二次的な模様」:不明瞭〜微細で明瞭な縞模様があり,縞模様単位は更にビーズ状にくびれているものがあった.外壁模様は大きく7型に分けられ,1-3型はさらに12亜型に分けられた.花粉形態形質はスノキ属内で現在認められている節分類と明瞭に連関している訳ではなかったが,類縁関係に有意義な情報を与え,属内の分類学的な問題にも新しい見方を与えてくれた.アクシバ節のアクシバ花粉ははっきりした微細いぼ状模様(6型)を持ち花粉サイズも本属では最小であり,花粉形態形質は本種をスノキ属から分類する考えを支持する.地理分布と対応した四集粒サイズと花粉外壁模様の若干の差違が認められた.一般的に新世界産スノキ属種は花粉サイズが大きく,外壁模様は粗しわ状模様〜粗しわ状-平滑模様とまとまっている.一方で,旧大陸産種はサイズがより小さい傾向があり,外壁模様は微細いぼ状模様〜しわ状模様〜平滑模様とより広い変異を示す.

著者

Nakazawa K. Toko K. Saitoh N. Yoshizawa N. Usami N. Suemasu T.

出版者

Electrochemical Society

雑誌

ECS journal of solid state science and technology (ISSN:21628769)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.11, pp.Q195-Q199, 2013-08

被引用文献数

17

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Low-temperature (350°C) crystallization of amorphous Ge films on SiO2 was investigated using Al-induced layer exchange (ALILE) process. Thicknesses of Ge and catalytic Al layers were varied in the range of 30–300 nm, which strongly influenced the ALILE growth morphology. Based on the study, the Ge thickness was adjusted to 40 nm while the Al thickness was adjusted 50 nm. This sample satisfied both of the surface coverage of polycrystalline-Ge and the annihilation of randomly oriented Ge regions. Moreover, the enhancement of the heterogeneous Ge nucleation improved the (111) orientation and the grain size. As a result, the area fraction of the (111)-orientation reached as high as 97% and the average grain size as large as 70-μm diameters. This (111)-oriented Ge layer with large-grains promises to be the high-quality epitaxial template for various functional materials to achieve next-generation devices.

著者

Ito K. Skibsted E.

出版者

Elsevier Inc.

雑誌

Advances in mathematics (ISSN:00018708)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.248, pp.945-962, 2013-11

被引用文献数

8 10

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In this paper we study absence of embedded eigenvalues for Schrödinger operators on non-compact connected Riemannian manifolds. A principal example is given by a manifold with an end (possibly more than one) in which geodesic coordinates are naturally defined. In this case one of our geometric conditions is a positive lower bound of the second fundamental form of angular submanifolds at infinity inside the end. Another condition is an upper bound of the trace of this quantity, while a third one is a bound of the derivatives of part of the trace (some oscillatory behaviour of the trace is allowed). In addition to geometric bounds we need conditions on the potential, a regularity property of the domain of the Schrödinger operator and the unique continuation property. Examples include ends endowed with asymptotic Euclidean or hyperbolic metrics.

著者

KRAUS H. K

出版者

日本保険医学会

雑誌

日本保険医学会誌 (ISSN:0301262X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, pp.84-97, 1991-12-15

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皆さん、次に要約を致します。生命保険におけるスクリーニングは、査定の必要条件で一般の選択過程で十分機能する道具です。逆選択は排除しなければなりません。これは、保険申込者および保険者の双方の側で、平均余命を縮めるどんな欠陥についても、等しい知識を必要とします。スクリーニング技術は、医学的に十分明示され、一般の臨床および医療のルールに従います。さらにスクリーニング・パラメーターは、保険の目的に対して、年齢グループによる疾患のパターンに従うべきです。スクリーニング・パラメーターからの予後の推論は、臨床医学的観察とルールを共に考慮する限りにおいては、道理にかなうものです。HIV-抗体試験は、スクリーニング法の新しい範囲で、継続的な科学的フィールドバックを必要とします。遺伝学的試験は、生命保険スクリーニングにはまだ使用されていませんが、生命保険医学は、リスク分類における遺伝学的試験の将来の役割の可能性を承知していなければなりません。敏感な性格のスクリーニング技術は、秘密厳守やカウンセリングを含めたインフォームド・コンセントのように扱うために、非常に特別なルールを必要とします。最後に一言申し上げます:慎重に前進しましょう。御静聴ありがとうございました。

著者

船越 和正 K. Funagoshi

雑誌

人文論究 (ISSN:02866773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2/3, pp.65-80, 1976-09-05

著者

T.Z.K.

出版者

公益社団法人日本船舶海洋工学会

雑誌

造船協会雑纂 (ISSN:03861597)

巻号頁・発行日

no.192, pp.139-141, 1938-03

著者

Baba M. Toh K. Toko K. Hara K.O. Usami N. Saito N. Yoshizawa N. Suemasu T.

出版者

Elsevier B.V.

雑誌

Journal of crystal growth (ISSN:00220248)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.378, pp.193-197, 2013-09

被引用文献数

5 1

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BaSi2 epitaxial films were grown on Si(111) substrates by a two-step growth method including reactive deposition epitaxy (RDE) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). To enlarge the grain size of BaSi2, the Ba deposition rate and duration were varied from 0.25 to 1.0 nm/min and from 5 to 120 min during RDE, respectively. The effect of post-annealing was also investigated at 760 °C for 10 min. Plan-view transmission electron micrographs indicated that the grain size in the MBE-grown BaSi2 was significantly increased up to approximately 4.0 μm, which is much larger than 0.2 μm, reported previously.

著者

Nakamura K. Toh K. Baba M. Khan M. Ajmal Du W. Toko K. Suemasu T.

出版者

Elsevier B.V.

雑誌

Journal of crystal growth (ISSN:00220248)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.378, pp.189-192, 2013-09

被引用文献数

9 4

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Al or B layers of a few hundreds of nm in thickness deposited on BaSi2 epitaxial films on Si(1 1 1) substrates were annealed at different temperatures, and the diffusion coefficients of Al and B were evaluated using secondary ion mass spectrometry with O2+. We also investigated the effect of post annealing (850 °C, 10 min) of BaSi2 films on the diffusion coefficients. It was found that both the lattice diffusion and the grain boundary diffusion were decreased by the post-annealing. The plan-view transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the grain size was increased from approximately 0.2 to 0.6 μm by the annealing, and the X-ray diffraction intensities also increased. The activation energies of lattice and grain boundary diffusions in the post-annealed BaSi2 are 0.63 eV and 0.58 eV for Al, and 4.6 eV and 4.4 eV for B, respectively.

著者

by K. Yamamoto

出版者

Niwa

巻号頁・発行日

1873

著者

Benseman T. M. Gray K. E. Koshelev A. E. Kwok W.-K. Welp U. Minami H. Kadowaki K. Yamamoto T.

出版者

American Institute of Physics

雑誌

Applied physics letters (ISSN:00036951)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.02, pp.022602, 2013-07

被引用文献数

107 8

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Stacks of intrinsic Josephson junctions in high-temperature superconductors enable the fabrication of compact sources of coherent terahertz radiation. Here, we demonstrate that multiple stacks patterned on the same Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ crystal can—under optimized conditions—be synchronized to emit high-power THz-radiation. For three synchronized stacks, we achieved 610 μW of continuous-wave coherent radiation power at 0.51 THz. We suggest that synchronization is promoted by THz-waves in the base crystal. We note that synchronization cannot be achieved in all samples. However even in these cases, powers on the 100-μW scale can be generated.

著者

Abavare Eric K. K.

巻号頁・発行日

2011

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Thesis (Ph. D. in Science)--University of Tsukuba, (A), no. 5952, 2011.12.31

著者

Mekada Kazuyuki Koyasu Kazuhiro Dobrotvorsky Andrei K. V. PANOV Victor I. ZHOLNEROVSKAYA Elena ODA Sen-ichi

出版者

Biogeographical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biogeography : international journal of biogeography, phylogeny, taxonomy, ecology, biodiversity, evolution, and conservation biology (ISSN:13450662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.41-49, 2001-08-01

被引用文献数

1

著者

Koyasu K Takayanagi T Natsume A Maeda H Kubo K Johgahara T Hanamura H Nakagaki H Kameyama Y Noguchi T

出版者

歯科基礎医学会

雑誌

歯科基礎医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03850137)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.5, 2003-09-01

著者

QIAN P.-Y. LAU S. C. K. DAHMS H.-U. DOBRETSOV S. HARDER T.

雑誌

Marine biotechnology (ISSN:14362228)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.399-410, 2007-07-01

参考文献数

117

著者

Eto R. Murata A. Uchiyama Y. Okajima K.

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Energy policy (ISSN:03014215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, pp.260-268, 2013-07

被引用文献数

8

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This study examines the effects of the inclusion of the co-benefits on the potential installed capacity of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) projects with a linear programming model by the clean development mechanism (CDM) in India's power sector. It is investigated how different marginal damage costs of air pollutants affect the potential installed capacity of CCS projects in the CDM with a scenario analysis. Three results are found from this analysis. First, large quantity of IGCC with CCS becomes realizable when the certified emission reduction (CER) prices are above US$56/tCO2 in the integrated Northern, Eastern, Western, and North-Eastern regional grids (NEWNE) and above US $49/tCO2 in the Southern grid. Second, including co-benefits contributes to decrease CO2 emissions and air pollutants with introduction of IGCC with CCS in the CDM at lower CER prices. Third, the effects of the co-benefits are limited in the case of CCS because CCS reduces larger amount of CO2 emissions than that of air pollutants. Total marginal damage costs of air pollutants of US$250/t and US$200/t lead to CER prices of US$1/tCO2 reduction in the NEWNE grid and the Southern grid.

著者

Kwang-Pil Ko Sue K. Park Jae Jeong Yang Seung Hyun Ma Jin Gwack Aesun Shin YeonJu Kim Daehee Kang Soung-Hoon Chang Hai-Rim Shin Keun-Young Yoo

出版者

日本疫学会

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20120232, (Released:2013-06-29)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

15 59

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Background: Gastric cancer, the most common cancer in the world, is affected by some foods or food groups. We examined the relationship between dietary intake and stomach cancer risk in the Korean Multi-Center Cancer Cohort (KMCC).Methods: The KMCC included 19 688 Korean men and women who were enrolled from 1993 to 2004. Of those subjects, 9724 completed a brief 14-food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Through record linkage with the Korean Central Cancer Registry and National Death Certificate databases, we documented 166 gastric cancer cases as of December 31, 2008. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs.Results: Frequent intake of soybean/tofu was significantly associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer, after adjustment for age, sex, cigarette smoking, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and area of residence (P for trend = 0.036). We found a significant inverse association between soybean/tofu intake and gastric cancer risk among women (RR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22–0.78). Men with a high soybean/tofu intake had a lower risk of gastric cancer, but the reduction was not statistically significant (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.52–1.13). There was no interaction between soybean/tofu intake and cigarette smoking in relation to gastric cancer risk (P for interaction = 0.268).Conclusions: Frequent soybean/tofu intake was associated with lower risk of gastric cancer.