著者

北村 暁夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.291-319,343, 1993-07-25 (Released:2017-07-01)

---

From the 1870s to the beginning of the First World War, numerous emigrants left Calabria, southern Italy, for the American countries. A large number of them were young single men who had worked in the agrarian sector in Italy. This article examinens the causes of the peasant emigration and its effects on rural areas in Calabria, using emigration statistics and contemporary surveys of agrarian inquiries. The emigration began in the northern part of the mountains of Calabria. Tha peasants of these areas traditionally participated in a subsistence economy supplemented by domestic industry and seasonal employment, especially in the plains, where the cereal latifondo was under cultivation. But when the decline in domestic industry and the consequent decrease in employment opportunities was accelerated by the agrarian crisis of the 1880s, many peasants were compelled to emigrate abroad as an alternative to traditional employment. Most emigrants eventually returned home and purchased a piece of lands. This disproves the contention that the emigration led to a general proletarialization of the peasants. While returnees with a lot of savings were able to become independent farmers, those who had not saved enough were forced to emigrate again, often permanently. In this way, the emigration charged the traditional subsistence economy and polarized the peasant structure of the area.

著者

諸田 實

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.475-476, 2001-11-25 (Released:2017-06-16)

著者

山口 彌一郎

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.50-58, 1955-08-20 (Released:2017-09-23)

著者

白井 泉

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1, pp.71-94, 2018 (Released:2020-05-26)

著者

下谷 政弘

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.126-129, 1986-05-25 (Released:2017-11-22)

著者

谷山 英祐

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.131-150, 2008-07-25 (Released:2017-07-22)

---

本稿の課題は,制度が経済発展に重要な役割を果たすという視点から,横浜居留地における生糸取引の制度を分析することである。その分析を通じて,経済史研究において重要なトピックであった『連合生糸荷預所事件』の経済的意義を明らかにした。開港直後から生糸輸出は急増したが,輸出が増大するにつれ日本産生糸の品質低下が問題となった。この品質低下の要因は,取引相手を騙すといった不正取引にあった。それに対処するために外国商館は「拝見」という検査制度とともに「私商標」を確立させたのであった。しかし,「拝見」という検査制度には,外国商館の恣意的な取引という問題が存在した。公的な裁判制度が確立していない時期において,これらの取引上の問題に対して生糸売込商は組織化することでそれに対応した。さらに,外国商館に変わり売込商が生糸検査・選別を行うことを目的として,生糸改会社や連合生糸荷預所が設立された。『連合生糸荷預所事件』で争われたのは,生糸検査によって生ずるプレミアムの分配であった。

著者

服部 春彦

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.514-533, 1991-11-25 (Released:2017-07-01)

著者

鴋澤 歩

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.125-148, 2001-07-25 (Released:2017-06-16)

---

The aim of this paper is to investigate the employment relationships of the civil servants (Beamte) in the Prussian State railway during the period from 1840 to 1870 when the German-Prussian railway system was under construction. Jurgen KOCKA's point about the close relationship between the 'pre-modern' bureaucracy and the 'modern' traffic sector in Germany deserves a thorough investigation. In this paper, the aim is therefore to investigate in detail the employment relationships of middle- and low-ranking civil servants in the Prussian State railways. The results of my social-historical examination of the 'exceptional' appointment of State railway civil servants indicate that the traditional systems of employment in the Prussian bureaucracy could not have been accepted by the railway sector without self-adjustment to a system that was more suitable to the introduction of the new technologies of the time. Contrary to KOCKA's view, the institutional problems of the early Prussian State railway could not be solved in the short term or without considerable friction; in addition it was necessary to seek assistance from outside the traditional bureaucratic system.

著者

内藤 隆夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.389-411,483, 2000-11-25 (Released:2017-08-14)

---

Hoden Oil Company grew through a strategy of merging other mining companies. Success in mining led to high profits, which led to high dividends, which caused the capital to increase and made possible mergers through the issue of stock, with an expansion of the scale of business as the end result. When Hoden Oil achieved mergers with refining and wholesale companies in a process known as daigodo (amalgamation), it became one of the leaders of the Japanese oil industry, on a scale rivalling Nippon Oil Company. Soon, however, its production rate of crude oil began to reach a ceiling, signalling that its growth strategy was coming to an end. However, the company continued to pursue the strategy of mergers, expansion and capital increase, until in 1909 the discovery of falsified accounts brought disaster. The next year saw the beginning of reforms known as naibu seiri. Professional managers were introduced and, most important, the growth strategy was changed to one based on gradual advances through technical innovations in mining.

著者

ドンゼ ピエール=イブ

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.3, pp.407-423, 2011-11-25 (Released:2017-05-19)

---

本稿では,服部時計グループを事例として,日本における高精度時計の大量生産の成立過程を,戦時期から1950年代を中心に,その前史たる戦前期の状況にも言及しながら分析する。1920年代以降,服部時計による小型時計生産は拡大をとげたが,生産されたのはスイス時計の模倣品であり,またその生産において,同社は中核部品と工作機械をスイス等の国外に依存していた。敗戦後,同社は軍需品生産の経験を持つ大卒エンジニアを採用し,互換性部品に基づく高精度時計の大量生産を目指した。同社や関連の企業は,産官学の連携に基づく共同研究の成果にも支えられ,1950年代半ばに,部品の互換性と,中核部品や工作機械の国産化を実現した。これにより同社は,技術的な対外依存から解放された。1956年に同社が開発した腕時計(Marvel)は,互換性に基づく大量生産品であるにもかかわらず,スイス製品並みの高い精度を誇り,1970年代に同社がクォーツ革命という製品革新を実現するまで,同社の国際競争力を支えた。

著者

鈴木 勇一郎

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.6, pp.614-616, 2009-03-25 (Released:2017-07-22)

著者

峰岸 純夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.113-116, 1986-05-25 (Released:2017-11-22)

著者

秋山 謙藏

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.6, pp.629-646, 1935

著者

本位田 祥男

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.4, pp.357-373, 1934

著者

斯波 義信

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.411-419, 1979-01-10 (Released:2017-11-24)

著者

阿部 重雄

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.340-352, 1952

著者

橋口 勝利

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.3, pp.249-271, 2016 (Released:2018-11-25)

著者

チャウドゥリ K. N. 川勝 平太

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.1-16, 1985

---

This paper argues that the transition from pre-modern trade to post-Industrial Revolution trade in Asia and indeed in the world generally incorporated a fundamental change in its causation. Pre-modern trade was essentially derived from socially-determined demand arising out of cultural habits and interpretations, but of course, the force of demand operated through market forces and relative prices. Nineteenth-century international trade, on the other hand, was founded on the supply and the production side of the world economy. The fundamental changes in the system of economic production based on the application of machinery and the capitalist organisation made movements of industrial raw materials, food stuffs, and even manufactured goods appear as induced effects of the needs of producers to keep production going. In the pre-modern period, the thinking of merchants and others involved in the business of distant trade, was overwhelmingly influenced by demand factors. This is far removed from the present-day situation in which international trade is primarily a function of the relative distribution of technological endowments. In the earlier period, the technology of production had stabilised itself over many centuries and was treated as if it was a constant. The force of change and the opportunity for accumulating wealth came mainly from shifts in demand and an improvement in the institutional arrangements of economic exchange which lowered costs. There is little disagreement among historians that Asia's inter-regional trade underwent a profound change between 1800 and 1900. The transformation touched both the direction and the composision of goods exchanged. The payments mechanism itself gave rise to induced changes and brought into being the famous trian gular commercial relations between India, China, and Britain, which developed into a true multilateral systems of trade and payments mechanism during the second half of the nineteenth century. Imperialism as an economic force fused together with its political manifestations to form the most powerful historical phenomenon of the time.

著者

大田 由紀夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.156-184,282, 1995

---

It is well known that the copper cash minted by successive Chinese dynasties circulated throughout East Asia. However, the actual patterns of circulation have not been fully researched. This article approaches the subject by referring to the movement of currency in the Japanese Medieval period. There were two periods, from 1215 to 1225 and in the 1270s, when copper cash circulated actively in Japan. On both occasions this was because of large outflows of copper cash from China after it had been banned and was therefore not in demand, in northern China under the reign of the Chin dynasty in the first case and in Chiangnan region under the reign of the Yuan dynasty in the second case While the introduction of the copper cash from China encouraged a remarkable development of the market economy in Japan, it also disturbed the established political and social order. After this, the movements of Chinese currency continued to have a great influence on Japanese currency, as when the early Ming seclusion policy led to a decline in the inflow of copper cash into Japan. Furthermore, the fact that Chinese copper cash only became a principal currency in Japan when it ceased to be a means of payment to and by the state in China, clearly shows that the circulation of Chinese copper cash in Medieval Japan did not signify the incorporation of Japan into the internal Chinese currency system.

著者

永島 剛

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.3, pp.354-356, 2009