著者

大島 洋志

出版者

一般社団法人日本応用地質学会

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.113-128, 1968-09-01

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The author was engaged in the construction of the Yokohama line, from Higashi-Kanagawa to Kikuna, in Japanese National Railways as the engineering assistant headman of the Higashi-Kanagawa construction division. The work was executed without a hitch at March `68, however there are some grate difficulties from the constructional point of view. They were very important problems for the division to carry out safely near the Tokaido line, the largest artery for Japanese transportation, and to administer the amount of construction. Provided that mentioned to pure engineering problems, they were cleared that there were some soil mechanical problems in considerable wait. The geology in this area consists of alluvial sand and mud, diluvial sand, mud and loam, and pleistcene sandy mudstone. There were such difficulties as to difine the length of piles, to give consideration for the consolidation settlement and excavation for the reaseon of existence of deep soft ground, drowned valley, water saturated sand strata and etc... In this paper the author describes above mentioned engineering geological problems and feelings on this on this division in a few words

著者

Moussa SANE 山岸 宏光

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.6, pp.360-366, 2004-02-10 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

5

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多くの西アフリカ沿岸都市同様, セネガルの首都ダカールはいくつもの海岸災害を起こしやすい. その中で最も深刻な災害は海岸浸食である. ダカールの地質は主に第三紀火成岩とそれを覆う第四紀堆積物からなっており, 自然の過程に逆らった人間活動の結果, とくにそのような堆積物に覆われた地域が重大な浸食にあってきた.自然現象による海岸浸食は荒波の時期に絶え間なく続き, うねりと潮汐波の2つの波の形態によって起こる. 人間活動による海岸浸食への悪影響は, 粗末な都市計画と人口過剰の累積効果である. セネガルのほとんどの経済活動は, 活発な地域であるダカールに集中しており, 生計を立てるために多くの人々が移り住んでいる. このような過度の人口集中が建設ブームを引き起こ し, 砂浜や砂丘から砂を過剰に取り去ってしまった. その結果, 浸食と堆積のバランスが変化したために陸地の低下が始まり, 最終的に大規模な海岸浸食を引き起こした.

著者

遠藤 毅 石井 求

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.111-120, 1984-09-30 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 5

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The plain area in the east part of Tokyo, Musashino Terrace and Shitamachi Lowland, is underlain by Quaternary thick sediments. These sediments are divided stratigraphically into two groups, the lower is the Kitatama Formation and the upper the Tokyo Formation. The general strike of the Formations tends NNWSSE with a very low dip to the northeast. Upper layers of the Tokyo Formation are mainly composed of silt, sand and gravel, forming the aquifer system of artesian groundwater. According to the distribution of Tritium ratio in the groundwater, which of Musashino Terrace has mainly supplied from the surface water of the Tama River.Withdrawal groundwater from these aquifers has caused the lowering of groundwater level and the land subsidence all over the plain. The lowering of groundwater level and the land subsidence, however, which have continued half a century, rapidly taken favorable turns during recent about ten years due to restrictions of groundwater withdrawal.Recovering of groundwater level has not only brought about the favorable turn of the land subsidence, but also decreasing the spout of oxygen deficient air through water wells and the cracks of basements at the time of air pressure change or pnuematic work in the underground. It also has advanced the secondary storage of natural water soluble gas, which has reserved originally in the deep layers, the Kazusa Group, into gravel layers beneath the Yurakucho Formation.

著者

安部 明 岩田 博武 石川 正夫 西川 誠

出版者

一般社団法人日本応用地質学会

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.29-50, 1971-03-01

被引用文献数

1 2

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昭和45年7月1日の集中豪雨によって,千葉県の南部では,山地の崩壊と流出土砂によるダムアップがもたらす河川災害が発生した.この報告においては,山地の崩壊についての発生機構を現地における地形・地質の関連からあきらかにするとともに,河川災害が河川の中〜上流域に集中するにいたった,河川災害の発生機構について推論するものである.

著者

猪間 英俊

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.150-156, 1975-09-30 (Released:2010-06-04)

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This report refers to some geotechnical experiences about the shaft work in Enasan-tunnel that is lately completed.They contain following topics.(1) location of the shaft(2) geotechnical investigation fer design and operation(3) a boring for drain and attendant works(4) excavation in distress(5) cracks in lining due to 440 m-fault gouge

著者

根岸 正充 中島 巌

出版者

一般社団法人日本応用地質学会

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.47-57, 1993-06-10

被引用文献数

6 1

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Large rock falls in scale such as sliding,toppling and buckling have occurred frequently in the slope of columnar joint structure in welded tuff at Sounkyo Gorge in Hokkaido. In this work, the fracture mechanism of sliding was elucidated by considering theoretically the crack propagation problem along a columnar joint and the crack propagating behaviors had been monitored over two years by the acoustic emission method. Practically, the reaction on an outside column was determined on the basis of the observational results of the internal temperature gradient. Moreover, the stress intensity factor caused by the reaction was calculated by applying the formula on a double cantilever beam. From this calculated results, it was seen that the crack propagated along a columnar joint corresponding to a decrease in the fracture toughness caused by stress corrosion or an increase in the temperature gradient. The sliding of column is generated by a decrease in the cohesive area due to the crack propargation. The acoustic emission activity due to the crack propagation fluctuated in response of the seasonal changes of rock temperature and reached the peak in June when the temperature gradient became steepest. This seasonal fluctuation of the acoustic emission activity proved the validity of the theoretical consideration on the crack propagation along a columnar joint.

著者

遠藤 則夫 木宮 一邦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本応用地質学会

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.101-114, 1987-09-25 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

5 9 5

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Weathering crust of granitic rocks in the middle part of Abukuma Mountains are divided into five classes, fresh granites, weathered granites, “masa” A, “masa” B and reddish “masa”, according to the weathering degree. Fresh and weathered granites are distributed limitedly and narrowly along large rivers, and “masa” A, “masa” B and reddish “masa” cover extensively all over the area. The thick weathering crusts are distributed restrictedly on the low relief surfaces. The boundary surfaces between weathered granites and “masa” is parallel to the plane connecting the swells of low relief surfaces, and is nearly horizontal. These facts suggest that the weathering crusts of the middle part of Abukuma Mountains are fossil weathering crusts in which were formed from middle Miocene to early Pleistocene.Clay minerals produced from biotite during the weathering process, were identified by X-ray diffraction examination. The experiment revealed that fresh biotite was first altered into intergradient chlorite-vermicurite, and then changed into interstratified biotite or kaolinite.Gibbsite exists only along the land surface. This fact suggests that gibbsite has been produced under the present conditions after the current surface was formed.

著者

中筋 章人

出版者

一般社団法人日本応用地質学会

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.5, pp.250-255, 2005-12-10

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1 3

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「ハザードマップ」とは, 一般的に「災害予測図」とよばれるように, 災害の危険予測情報が表示されていなければならない.この点からすると, 現在一般市民に配布されている土砂災害関係の防災マップは, 「土砂災害ハザードマップ」ではなく「土砂災害危険箇所マップ」である.土砂災害ハザードマップの研究と実用化が遅れている理由は, 技術的には火山のような噴火災害と比べ災害履歴に乏しく, 水位や流速で被害規模がほぼ決まる洪水災害と比べ発生要因が複雑であることが原因である.つまり土砂災害は, 対象箇所での災害履歴が少ないうえに降雨要因のみならず, 地形や地質要因, さらに複雑な土質や地下水要因が絡み合っていることが災害発生予測を困難にしていると考えられる.さらに, 平成13年4月1日に施行された「土砂災害防止法」では, 新たな危険区域の設定手法が提示されるに至ったが, いろいろ状況が異なる斜面や渓流に対して, 全国一律的に機械的な危険区域設定手法をとろうとしている点に問題がある.このような土砂災害ハザードマップの技術的課題に加えて, その有効利用方法にも大きな問題がある.平成16年9月末に三重県宮川村で発生した豪雨災害は, 事前に精度の良い土砂災害危険箇所マップが配布されていたにもかかわらず, 避難勧告の遅れなどで多くの犠牲者を出した.この災害では, あらためて自治体の災害に対する意識や経験の少なさから来る「防災力」の弱さと土砂災害危険箇所マップを用いた事前避難訓練の重要性が浮き彫りとなった.本論では, 「なぜ土砂災害ハザードマップができないのか」に加えて土砂災害危険箇所マップが災害時に「なぜ利活用されなかったのか」についても考察した.

著者

戸邉 勇人 千木良 雅弘 土志田 正二

出版者

一般社団法人日本応用地質学会

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.66-79, 2007-06-10

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

3 6

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1972年,愛知県小原村では豪雨により花崗岩類の崩壊が多数発生した.われわれはその被災地で崩壊の分布・密度に対する岩相と降雨量の影響を数値的に検討した.5時間で約200mmの降雨を受けた同一地域であるにもかかわらず,花崗岩地域の崩壊密度は293/km^2であり花崗閃緑岩の値(13/km^2)を一桁以上上回った.また,花崗岩地域では降雨量増大とともに崩壊密度の増大が認められたが,花崗閃緑岩地域では認められなかった.航空レーザー測量を約3km^2の範囲で行い,空中写真と対比し,この災害時だけでなくそれ以前に発生した崩壊も抽出した結果,崩壊密度の差がこの災害以前から存在し続けていたことがわかった.これらの差は,岩相間で風化帯構造が異なることによると推定される.花崗岩地域ではD_H〜D_M級の硬質なマサがもっとも広く分布し,それらは斜面表層部に明瞭な緩み前線を伴っていたため,崩壊しやすかったと推定される.また,一部の花崗岩にはマイクロシーティングが発達し,崩壊発生を助長していた.一方,花崗閃緑岩地域ではD_L級のマサが広く分布し,それは強風化しているが,明瞭な緩み前線を伴っていなかったため,崩壊数が少なかったと推定される.

著者

木宮 一邦

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.120-129, 1991-08-10 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

嘉門 雅史

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.216-225, 1990-12-25 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

13

著者

猪間 英俊

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.286-295, 1981-09-30 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1 2

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In excavation of the Kan'etsu tunnel, rock burst occurred expectedly. Especially for about 1 year since July 1980, many broken pieces of rock had sprung out frequently. Rock burst should be classified into sometypes, such as springing of rocks, cracks on face without springing of rocks, and only breakdown noises onface or in bed rock. Those types seem to be a series of forms of rock burst. Some examples of occurenceprocess of rock burst are shown in figure-3, -4, -5, -6.From our experiences of rock burst, it may be pointed out that those forms of rock burst have somecharacters. They are as follows:(1) It occurred even under small overburden.(2) It occurred in the formation of quartz-diorite, but not of hornfels.(3) It occurred mostly at face, and few at backward and side wall.(4) The existence of specific areas where rock burst occurred was recognized in the tunnel.(5) At the areas with inflow of ground water, it did not occurred.(6) It was related greatly to joint, fractured zone and so forth.(7) The sizes of brocken rock pieces were various, but the shapes of them were all generally flat.(8) It was closely related with working cycle of tunnel excavation.Some investigations including measuring of initial stress in bed rock and its change during tunnel excavation, core discing in the horizontal bored and sampled core, acoustic emission survey, rock properties tests, andtemperature measuring of face and sidewall, were carried out at the rock burst areas.As a result, significant informations on the behavior of bed rock related with tunnel excavation and onthe relation between rock burst and working cycle of excavation, were obtained.The rock mass at the rock burst areas was elastic and high brittleness. And rock burst seemed to beclosely related to geological weak zone of bed rock.For a countermeasure against rock burst, it was adopted as a keystone of tunnel excavation that many rockbolts were installed in working face. The tunneling method that we adopted by utilizing the above mentionedinvestigations of bed rock and analysis of our experiences of rock burst, may be appraised proper.It is useful that the system of acoustic emission survey is composed completely in order to control tunnelexcavation work at the rock burst areas.

著者

吉川 恵也 朝倉 俊弘

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.145-159, 1981-03-30 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 2

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In pure geology, displacement and direction of faults are important concerns. On the other hand, forconstruction and maintenance of tunnels, the conditions of fractured rock and fault clay caused by faultsare taken seriously. However these faults often bring trouble to tunnel construction, since they have extensivescale, secondary faults, and form wide fractured zones in many cases. In such cases, if possible theyare kept away from the tunnel route and if the route crosses them unavoidably it is often difficult toexcavate through them.In this paper, we will first describe the outline of the problems in survey, design, construction, andmaintenance of railway tunnels in fractured zones. Next, we will report the examples of the geological surveysfor the Rokko Tunnel and the Shin-Kanmon Tunnel. The former crosses many faults in the Rokkomountains and the latter crosses the fractured zone under the straits of Kanmon. We also will report theexample of the seismic prospecting for the Shin-Sasago Tunnel in order to foresee where the tunnel crossesthe fractured zone.In addition, we will describe the construction methods to excavate through the fractured zone for theRokko Tunnel and Shin-Kanmon Tunnel. The Mukaiyama Tunnel was constructed by NATM, and thegreater convergence of the tunnel section was measured in the fractured zone even though rock bolts wereadded.At last, we will report the case in which the Inatori Tunnel was damaged by a seismic fault.

著者

伊藤 俊方 小松原 岳史 佐藤 修

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.22-30, 2004-04-10 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

6 6

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新第三紀以降の地層が厚く分布する北部フォッサマグナ地域の深層地下水は, 化石海水を起源とするNa-Cl型地下水で代表される. 高濃度のNa-Cl型地下水が地下浅所にまで上昇してきていることもあり, 地下水の電気伝導度などを測定することにより活断層などの地質構造の把握に寄与できる.天水とほとんど混合していない強塩化物泉のCl-濃度は, 地質時代を遡るにつれて減少し, δ18Oは大きくなる傾向がある. したがってCl-濃度とδ18Oを測定することによって, どの時代の化石海水に由来したものかが想定でき, 温泉湧出母岩を判定する場合に活用できる可能性がある.

著者

川越 健

出版者

一般社団法人 日本応用地質学会

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.335-346, 2021-02-10 (Released:2021-05-02)

参考文献数

18

著者

守随 治雄

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.23-33, 1984-03-30 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

15

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The Rock block slide occurred at Hitotsu-tsubota, Showa-mura, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan is found in an almost flat area topographically. Therefore, it seems to be the good field to investigate the geological factors led the rock to block slide except the landform factors.The present paper shows the mechanism of the rock block slide occurred in this area using geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological data obtained in this work. In this process it seems to be very important to analyses strata with interformational folding from geotechnical and mineralogical method. Especially on the characteristics of clayminerals and quality of groundwater, associated with the sliding and/or bed rocks should be studied in detail.

著者

大井 幸雄

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.88-97, 1980-06-30 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

20

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There exist some layers of earth, found principally in Japan's cities, which react with and absorb oxygen in the air, Workers have died of asphyxiation when excavating these strata.An effective way of preventing this kind of accident is to check before operations begin whether or not the area has been analyzed for oxygen absorbing layers.The reason for this phenomena lies in the chemical properties of the soil.This report demonstrates that the presence or absence of oxygen absorption soil can be determined by following chemical tests on soil samples to be taken during geological surveys:1. Test for redox potential2. pH test3. Detremination of oxygen absorption by the Buret method4. Analysis of ferrous and sulfur ionsIn addition, the report shows that in those cases where the taking of samples is difficult, analysis of the oxygen content of gas that escapes from the borehole during gas permeability testing is also effective.

著者

釜井 俊孝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本応用地質学会

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.6, pp.282-291, 2013-02-10 (Released:2014-02-28)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2 4

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2011年東北地方太平洋沖地震によって,仙台市緑ヶ丘4丁目では造成地盤地すべりが発生した.ここでは,約1年間にわたる地すべり変動(地表傾斜,地中傾斜),地表地震動,間隙水圧の精密動的観測結果を報告する.この斜面では,本震から10~11か月後まで,地山を巻き込む重力性の斜面変動が継続した.しかし,地中傾斜は盛土下底のすべり層で最大であり,盛土全体の地すべりが,今回の斜面変動の主体である.地中傾斜の地震応答は,すべり層や亜炭層など地盤内の弱層で最大となり,それよりも上部の盛土では増幅率が小さくなる傾向が認められた.この弱層による免震効果は,弱層の層厚や地震の震央距離によって異なり,地すべりの構造が,地震応答に強く影響を及ぼしている.過剰間隙水圧は最大水平地動速度にほぼ比例して増加した.この関係から,80 cm/sを越える強震動によって,過剰間隙水圧の増加によるすべり層強度の喪失が発生し,地すべりに至ったと推定される.また,すべり層における局所破壊が成長し,より規模の大きい地すべり変動に発展する過程が観測された.今回のような精密動的観測は,強震時における地すべりの挙動を知るうえで,基礎的な知見を提供するものとして重要である.

著者

松山 一夫 武田 康人 下田 昌宏 高村 光一 小野 高志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本応用地質学会

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.6, pp.273-279, 2011 (Released:2013-03-31)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2 1

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八丈島における地熱調査は, 東京電力(株)により1984年度から開始され, 1989年度からは(独)新エネルギー・産業技術総合開発機構(NEDO)による地熱開発促進調査が行われ, 東山南部地域に300℃以上の高温地熱資源が存在することが確認された. この地熱開発促進調査の結果を受けて, 東京電力(株)では地熱発電所立地地点調査を行い, 1995年度に3本の調査井を掘削して蒸気生産に成功し, 発電所建設を経て, 1999年3月25日に営業運転を開始した. 現在, 生産井1本により平均出力2,000kWの発電を安定して継続しており, 八丈島のベース電源として利用され, 地熱発電所の運転により従来の内燃力発電と比較して, 二酸化炭素の排出量が約4割削減されている. 一方, 八丈町は, 地熱発電所の建設と並行して1992年度から温泉開発を進め, 4つの町営有料温泉利用施設を建設し, その利用者は年間約17万人である. また, 冬季間, 地熱発電所の余熱を利用して発電所周辺の温室ハウスへ熱供給を行っている. 本報告は, 八丈島における地熱開発の経過, 地熱資源の分布状況および地熱利用の現況について述べる.

著者

清水 欣一

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.51-78, 1966-06-01 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

29

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Unit area discharge of groundwater, Z of typical groundwater basins in Chugoku-Shikoku District was computed, and the relation between Z and their hydrogeological conditions was inspected. The results are as follows:(1) It seems that there is a mutual relation between Z of confined and unconfined groundwater of Shikoku Setonaikai coastal plain areas, Hirusenbara area and Misato area and Y value. Value, Y is a ratio of total annual precipitation in the catchment area of groundwater basin to the area of groundwater basin.(2) It is also noted to be some mutual connections between Z of Shikoku Setonaikai coastal plain areas and the degree of development of aquifer, especially of gravel bed.(3) Apparent unit area discharge of spring, Z of the North-West area of Mt. Daisen Volcano and Kusama Karst areas shows a linear zonal relationship with discharge average of spring in “Z-Q-n/A” diagram (Fig. 7).(4) Though land-subsidence by over-pumping has not been occurred in Shikoku Setonaikai coastal plain areas, Z of these areas shows higher value than that of typical land subsidence areas in Japan such as Tokyo downtown area, Osaka sea-side area and Niigata coastal plain area. Salt-water intrusion has been occured in some coastal aquifers of Shikoku Setonaikai coastal plain areas. From above results, the author insists to be of importance to compare Z of various groundwater basins with their hydrogeological conditions for the evaluation, further development and the conservation of groundwater resources.