著者

小早川 達 後藤 なおみ

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.66-71, 2018-12-26 (Released:2019-01-25)

参考文献数

30

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One of the factors that affect the judgment whether signals received by receptors of different sensory modalities belong to the same event is synchrony perception among multiple types of sensory information. In this article, we introduce the simultaneity judgment (SJ) task in cross-modal combinations (especially olfactory-gustatory):(1) development of measurement system for SJ task using olfactory and gustatory stimuli, (2) SJ tasks for three cross-modal combinations (olfactory-visual, visual-gustatory, and olfactory-gustatory), and (3) SJ tasks for olfactory-gustatory combinations under match/mismatch conditions. Taste and odor are important components of flavor. The results of our studies suggested that there is a correlation among match/mismatch between taste and odor, oral referral, and temporal resolution of synchrony perception from the perspective of flavor perception.

著者

時田 みどり

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.163-172, 2017-09-30 (Released:2017-12-07)

参考文献数

53

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An ideal observer is theoretical device that performs a given task in an optimal manner provided the available information and some specified constraints. Comparing the performance of the ideal observer to that of a test observer in the given task, one can infer characteristics and/or deficit in a system of the test observer. Ideal observer theory has been applied to a wide range of problems, such as perception, object recognition, category learning, memory, attention, decision-making, and others. Recent application of Bayesian statistical theory enables us to investigate perceptual processes in more naturalistic and complicated scene and phenomena and to explore optical learning processes in many areas.Here I first summarize the basic concepts and logic of ideal observer analysis and then briefly describe an application to a simple perceptual task.

著者

浅野 倫子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.57-64, 2018-12-26 (Released:2019-01-25)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

1

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This article examines two types of nonarbitrary correspondences between apparently disconnected perceptual-cognitive entities—synesthesia and sound symbolism—the latter of which is a kind of crossmodal correspondence. First, the article describes the basic characteristics of these phenomena along with the similarities and differences between them. While both synesthesia and sound symbolism are intriguing matchings between different domains that are consistent over time, they differ in terms of their prevalence (rare vs. frequent) and idiosyncrasy (idiosyncratic vs. widely shared across individuals), and whether the concurrent is consciously experienced (conscious vs. not necessarily conscious). Although the similarities are often emphasized, the differences should never be neglected in the exploration of the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena. This article further discusses recent advances in these research fields, especially those showing a close relationship between language development and each of the two phenomena. Studies on synesthesia and sound symbolism should provide new insights into cognitive language processing.

著者

郷原 皓彦 佐々木 恭志郎 山田 祐樹

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.197-205, 2018-03-31 (Released:2018-06-16)

参考文献数

42

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We investigated whether the characteristics of autobiographical memory recalled by Japanese onomatopoeia are different from those recalled by non-onomatopoetic Japanese words with similar meanings. One hundred twenty participants were instructed to recall an autobiographical memory corresponding to the meaning of word cues, as well as answer a questionnaire containing 11 items associated with the recalled autobiographical memory. The word cues were eight onomatopoetic or non-onomatopoetic words of similar meanings. The results showed that the onomatopoeia-induced autobiographical memories were more recent compared to the non-onomatopoeia-induced memories. This suggests that the image information inherent in onomatopoeia helps people in recalling more recent autobiographical memories.

著者

岡部 望 吉村 浩一

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.83-88, 2007-09-30 (Released:2016-12-01)

被引用文献数

1

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For decades, the first author has engaged in making commercial films including animations and has obtained several rules of thumb concerning how to animate the characters smoothly and effectively. In Section One, it is pointed out that CRT and liquid crystal screens may produce different appearance for same source images. In Section Two, the function of animation's Obake, an ambiguous figure briefly inserted between two postures of an animation character, is examined. Japanese animations, especially TV anime, often contain one and two koma shoots. The rule and the reason for the proper use of the combination are introduced in Section Three. In Section Four, the problem of strobing, jerkiness in what should be a smooth movement of an image on a display, is pointed out. In Section Five, the authors emphasize the importance of taking the nature of audiences' minds into account when making animations. In Section Six, it is pointed out that the precise lip-synchronization would be unnecessary for the effective appearance in Japanese animations.

著者

宮地 弥生 山 祐嗣

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.21-26, 2002-09-30 (Released:2016-11-18)

被引用文献数

1

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As a way to investigate false memory in the laboratory, the DRM paradigm (Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm; Roediger & McDermott, 1995) has received much attention recently. This study was conducted to make 15-word Japanese lists which induce false memory of critical nonpresented words (CNWs) at high probabilities for the DRM paradigm. In experiment 1, we made 30 candidate lists each consisting of 12 words from Umemoto (1969)'s word association test and tested the false recall rates of CNWs. In experiment 2, we added 3 more words, to make 15-word lists, to each of the 16 lists which induced false recall at high probabilities in experiment 1, and tested the false recall rates of CNWs. Then in experiment 3, we changed some words in the 8 lists that induced false recall of CNWs at low probabilities in experiment 2 to improve the false recall rates, and again tested the false recall rates of CNWs. Finally we could propose 12 lists of 15 Japanese words that induce false memory at high probabilities (average: 70%, range: 38〜88%).

著者

板口 典弘

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.191-193, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-06-05)

著者

小原 宏基 川合 悟

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.214-226, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-06-09)

参考文献数

106

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Despite numerous Vertical–Horizontal Illusion (VHI) studies conducted since that of Adolf Fick in 1851, VHI has yet to attain a uniformly accepted consensus due to conflicting conclusions. As a result, a re-examination of VHI was undertaken focusing on contact position of a vertical (mast) line on a horizontal (base) line, orientation of the VHI stimulus, and viewing conditions, i.e., monocular vs. binocular-vision. In pseudorandom fashion on a computer, 35 adults adjusted mast lines of varying length and contact position in reference to a 50-mm base line to the same perceived length as the base line. The Point of Subjective Equality (PSE) was measured over 168 trials (two trials of 7 contact positions×4 orientations×3 viewing conditions). Perceived lengths were significantly affected by contact position in an M-shaped manner (Marma et al., 2015) rather than V-shaped (Künnapas, 1955a), and PSE was shorter when the baseline was horizontal rather than vertical, confirming the anisotropy in vertical–horizontal axis (Künnapas, 1955a).

著者

村上 郁也 天野 薫

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.161-163, 2019-09-30 (Released:2019-12-10)

参考文献数

14

著者

三浦 麻子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.123-131, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-11-18)

参考文献数

19

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This article explains the basic features of survey, which is one of the major research methods in psychology, its pros and cons, and the points to be considered when conducting it. In particular, it focuses on Web surveys, which are becoming more common nowadays. It explains how the data obtained by Web surveys from broader generals are likely to be different from those obtained by conventional and convenient method, which inviting people close to the researcher, such as university students, to participate. The author hopes that this paper will provide the readers with a basic knowledge of web research and help them to select appropriate situations for survey data collection from among the various phases of psychological research.

著者

丹野 義彦 浅井 智久

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.43-46, 2010-09-30 (Released:2016-12-01)

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With the development of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies and Evidence-Based Practice, the American Psychological Association and the British Psychological Society are large umbrella organization under which clinical psychologists cooperated with the researchers of psychonomic science. The benefits of cooperation between clinical psychology and psychonomic science in Japan are discussed, taking an example of the study of schizotypal personality traits (schizotypy). A perspective that situates schizophrenia on a continuum implies that a cognitive psychological approach to the schizotypal personality in the general population could be useful to understand schizophrenia. The establishment of abnormal psychology in Japan is proposed, which will interface clinical psychology practice with academic psychology.

著者

中島 定彦

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.137-142, 2019-09-30 (Released:2019-12-10)

参考文献数

77

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Kaolin clay intake is generated in rats by a variety of nausea-inducing treatments, including rotation (motion sickness), irradiation, and administration of emetic chemicals such as lithium chloride, copper sulfate, ritonavir, recreational drugs (e.g., morphine, apomorphine, nicotine, and ethanol), and various anti-cancer drugs (e.g., cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil). Recent studies conducted in my laboratory have shown that kaolin clay intake is also generated in rats by running in an activity wheel or swimming in a water bucket, suggesting that these activities induce visceral discomfort similar to nausea. This finding is consonant with the fact that, similar to emetic treatments conventionally employed in conditioned taste-aversion studies in rats, running and swimming act as unconditioned stimuli to establish avoidance of a paired taste.

著者

神前 裕 時 暁聴 松井 大 新保 彰大 藤巻 峻

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.60-77, 2015-09-30 (Released:2015-12-26)

参考文献数

115

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Throughout the history of research on animal learning, it has been widely acknowledged that the temporal relationship between events exerts a critical influence on the acquisition of a conditioned response. Until more recently, however, no explicit and systematic studies had investigated how animals learn the temporal relationship itself. In this article, we first review some basic functions of temporal information in classical conditioning. We then focus on one influential learning theory, temporal coding hypothesis, which posits that animals can automatically encode temporal relationships between events and express learned behaviour through integration of multiple temporal relationships acquired across contexts. After reviewing basic results supporting the temporal coding hypothesis, we present an alternative explanation of some temporal coding-like phenomena on the basis of AESOP model combined with the potentially different contributions of motivational and sensory US representations in higher-order conditioning. In a second article (Fujimaki, Shimbo, Matsui, Shi, & Kosaki, 2015), we will discuss interval timing in operant conditioning and neural substrates of timing behaviour.

著者

氏家 悠太

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.88-93, 2018-12-26 (Released:2019-01-25)

参考文献数

49

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The McGurk effect is a well-known illusion that demonstrates the influence of visual speech on voice perception (McGurk & MacDonald, 1976). This effect has robustness, but also diversity. In this paper, we review results of previous studies regarding two topics on diversity of the McGurk effect: cultural differences between Japanese and English speakers (e.g., Sekiyama & Tohkura, 1991; Sekiyama, 1994), and the difference between individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and neurotypical individuals (e.g., de Gelder, Vroomen & van der Heide, 1991). The differential gaze patterns toward a speaker’s face between the cultures seem to account for the cultural differences of the McGurk effect, but not for the difference between neurotypical and ASD. Although further investigations are required to clarify why McGurk effect is weaker in ASD population, I argue that atypical multisensory integration in ASD population would be the most promising account currently available.

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.195-222, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-05-18)

著者

藤木 大介

出版者

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.43-44, 2002-09-30 (Released:2016-11-18)

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This study investigated comprehension processes of Japanese sentences which included an adjective-noun phrase. Specifically, we examined whether evaluation of a consistent semantic relation between an adjective and a noun in a sentence of reading material was suspended until the argument structure of the sentence was constructed. Twenty-three participants read two types of sentences: acceptable sentences that contained a plausible adjective-noun phrase, and unacceptable sentences that contained an implausible adjective-noun phrase. In comparison with the acceptable sentences, phrase-by-phrase reading time for the unacceptable sentences was prolonged not only at the position of adjective-noun phrase but also at the position of the verb that constructed the propositional representation of the sentence. This result suggests that evaluation of a semantic relation of an adjective-noun phrase is postponed until the coherent argument structure is constructed.

著者

松元 健二 松元 まどか 村山 航 出馬 圭世

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.164-170, 2011-03-31 (Released:2017-04-15)

参考文献数

20

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The prefrontal cortices play important roles in cognitive control of behavior. The medial prefrontal cortex guides actions on the basis of the representation of action-outcome contingency, because many neurons represent action-outcome contingency when represented information is examined in a visually cued go/no-go task with asymmetrical rewards with reversals. Also, the medial prefrontal cortex evaluates the correctness of actions on the basis of classifying the outcome of actions, because both success- and failure-responsive neurons were observed in an action-learning task. On the other hand, the lateral prefrontal cortex regulates the relationship between actions and rewards by comparing the values of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, because the lateral prefrontal cortex shows the activity corresponding to the undermining effect of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation in a task that could be voluntarily engaged in. Both the medial and lateral prefrontal cortices may interact to link between goal-directed behaviors and intrinsic motivation through the cortico-basal ganglia loops.

著者

Tadasu Oyama Eiko Osaka Akiko Kamada Yoshiko Motoki Chiyo Onzuka

出版者

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.38.1, (Released:2019-06-21)

参考文献数

12

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Initials of first names of men and women were compared across different countries (Japan, USA, Germany, and South Korea) and different periods (Japanese adults in 2006, and college students in 2008 and 2017). Results suggested a trend in which the letters, “J,” “R,” and “T” are more popular in men than in women, and that “A,” “C,” “E,” and “M” are more popular in women than in men, whereas popular first names differ among countries and change across periods even within the same country (Japan). The phonetic sounds of the initials popular for men give a “hard” impression, and those of the initials popular with women are perceived as “soft.”

著者

Akiyoshi KITAOKA

出版者

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.232-234, 2014-03-30 (Released:2016-12-01)

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Lady Gaga's fourth CD album ARTPOP, designed by American pop artist Jeff Koons, adopted one of my illusion works, namely, Hatpin urchin, as the main inside design. This occurrence was significant for the study of visual illusion in the following three senses: first, it drew people's attention to visual illusion; second, the chosen illusion was novel; and third, for the first time in its history, visual illusion was recognized as ubiquitous.

著者

森川 和則

出版者

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.109-111, 2014