著者

横澤 一彦

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.57-58, 2013-09-30 (Released:2016-12-01)

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.259-274, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-06-17)

著者

天野 薫 西田 眞也

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.232-236, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-06-09)

参考文献数

8

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While simple reaction time (RT) is known to be substantially affected by diverse stimulus parameters, subjective temporal judgments about the onset timing of stimulus are relatively accurate. Here we tried to find the neural correlates of RT and subjective temporal judgment by comparing MEG signals evoked by random-dot coherent-motion onset with these behavioral measures. For the same motion stimuli, participants performed both a simple RT task, and a simultaneity judgment task with respect to a beep. The effect of motion coherence was much smaller for the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) than RT. Changes in RT and PSS could both be predicted by the time when temporally-integrated motion responses crossed a threshold. The threshold was lower for PSS than for RT, suggesting that the brain assigns the time marker for timing perception prior to stimulus detection. Existence of temporally integrated neural signals in the brain will be discussed in light of recent literature.

著者

金山 範明

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.56-64, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-12-14)

参考文献数

27

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In recent years, the importance of tactile stimulation/haptics has increased in various research fields. Psychologists and cognitive neuroscientists have great difficulty controlling tactile stimulation in experiments, in contrast to visual and auditory stimulation. Unlike studies involving audiovisual stimulation, there is no standardized tactile stimulation device, such as a computer display or speaker, which can be purchased anywhere and then controlled easily by any personal computer. In this article, methods of controlling tactile stimulation using vibration, electrical stimulation, and touch on the various materials are introduced. The methods introduced do not completely overcome the difficulty of controlling tactile stimulation in experiments; therefore, psychologists must expend further effort to develop a standardized method. More active collaboration with engineering/robotics researchers and commercial companies will play an important role in this standardization.

著者

内藤 智之 林 隆介 渡辺 英治 白石 祥之 内藤 智之 眞田 尚久

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.28, 2022-09-30 (Released:2022-12-16)

著者

斎田 真也

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.64-69, 2004-09-30 (Released:2016-11-22)

被引用文献数

5

---

The eye movement patterns of the good readers, the skimmers who are normal readers but were instructed to read texts in the same speed as that of the good readers, and the normal readers, were investigated. The good readers and the skimmers had larger saccadic sizes and shorter fixation durations than the normal readers. This suggests that the good readers and the skimmers may have wider effective visual field in reading or may have just skipped the some words in scanning the text. To check the comprehension levels among those three subjects, the gist and detailed comprehension tests were done. The results of these tests indicate that the good readers had not lower scores than other subjects, which is different from almost all of the conclusions of past investigations. This means the good readers do not increase their reading speed by sacrificing the amount they understand from the text.

著者

繁桝 博昭

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.138-139, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-11-18)

著者

菅原 通代 片平 健太郎

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.38.5, (Released:2019-08-10)

参考文献数

18

---

Reinforcement learning models, which update the value related to a specific behaviour according to a reward prediction error, have been used to model the choice behaviour in organisms. Recently, the magnitude of the learning rate has been reported to be biased depending on the sign of the reward prediction error. A previous study concluded that these asymmetric learning rates reflect positivity and confirmation biases. However, another study reported that the tendency to repeat the same choice (perseverance) leads to pseudo asymmetric learning rates. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify whether asymmetric learning rates are the result of cognitive bias or perseverance by reanalysing the open data that the previous study obtained from two different types of learning tasks. To accomplish this, we evaluated multiple reinforcement learning models, including asymmetric learning rate models, perseverance models and hybrid models. The results showed that the choice data associated with positivity bias were also explained by the perseverance model with symmetric learning rates. Meanwhile, the data associated with confirmation bias were not explained by the perseverance model. These results suggest the possibility that either cognitive bias or perseverance could explain asymmetric learning rates depending on the contextual information of learning task.

著者

岡本 安晴

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.38.2, (Released:2019-06-21)

参考文献数

39

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The up-down method of adaptive psychophysical measurement uses binary response categories, e.g., “stronger” and “weaker.” This study proposes that ratings using three response categories, e.g., “stronger,” “do not know,” and “weaker,” or four response categories, e.g., “stronger,” “probably stronger,” “probably weaker,” and “weaker,” should be used instead. Simulation experiments showed that the proposed methods were superior to the standard up-down method. Comparisons were made with respect to the root mean square error (RMSE). First, in the case of two response categories, the RMSEs of estimates made using a stochastic model were smaller than those derived using the standard arithmetic method based on simple averaging, except in one extreme case. Hence, comparison of two, three, and four response categories was made with respect to estimates made using stochastic models. The RMSEs of estimates of the point of subjective equality using three or four response categories were smaller than those using two response categories. The RMSEs of estimates of model slope parameters, where a just noticeable difference was calculated as a ratio of the parameter, were smaller with three or four response categories than with two response categories, except in two extreme cases.

著者

和田 有史

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.149-153, 2019-09-30 (Released:2019-12-10)

参考文献数

20

---

Taste perception is determined by multiple factors. The sensation of taste includes gustation, olfaction, other organ functions and interactions among them, and not only such sensory information but also physiological, social and cultural contexts. Recent findings on the response of taste receptors to high salt stimuli might provide psychological insight on strong salty taste as a multisensory perception. Many studies have shown that subjective taste intensity is enhanced by odors that are congruent. Some reports have suggested that subjective taste is more strongly enhanced by retronasal than by orthonasal odor detection. Differences between the two routes include the direction of airflow accompanying breathing. Thus, the kinetic sensation of breathing might be a determining factor for odor-induced taste enhancement. As well as effects of multisensory perception on taste, preference and palatability on food are not just determined by multisensory perception, but other multiple factors such as physical condition, cultural difference, learning, and the effect of heuristics on risk perception.

著者

増田 尚史 藤田 知加子 小河 妙子 Joyce Terry 川上 正浩

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.254, 2014-03-30 (Released:2016-12-01)

著者

渡邊 恵太

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.117-118, 2017

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<p>The need for the design of human interaction arose since the relationship between human manipulation on tools and their response had become ambiguous along with the developments of tools and machines. The goal of human interface design is transparency. The transparency is a condition in which a user can concentrate to solve a target problem, without being aware of the tool itself, and the tool feels like a part of the user's body. However, the realization of the transparency has been only discussed as idealistic theory, and the design methods have not been discussed enough. In this paper, we introduce "dummy cursor experiment" and "sense of self-ownership." We also consider transparency of tools, extension of body, and differences between the animation for expression and the animation for manipulation on user interface design.</p>

著者

小川 時洋 廣田 昭久 松田 いづみ

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.167-171, 2008-03-31 (Released:2016-12-01)

---

Twenty-four male participants studied five consonant alphabets. They then performed an Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) that combined a recognition judgment (old vs. new) and a valence judgment (pleasant vs. unpleasant). Faster and more accurate responses were observed when old judgments and pleasant judgments share a same response key than when old judgments and unpleasant judgments share a same response key. These results indicated that the studied items were associated with a positive evaluation. The results were discussed in terms of related phenomena, such as a mere acceptance effect. Some theoretical implications about the relationship between memory and affect were also discussed.

著者

黒田 敏数

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.34-42, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-12-14)

参考文献数

19

---

Operant conditioning has not been well adapted to social behavior despite a growing interest among behavior analysts. This is due in part to technological limitations in measuring social behavior, especially in real time. This paper presents a summary of three of the present author’s attempts to adapt computer vision technologies to the study of social operant behavior of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Experiment 1 examined whether the location of a single zebrafish in a three-dimensional (3D) space could be tracked in real time. In Experiment 2, locations of two zebrafish were tracked simultaneously. A transparent partition was placed between the two fish to aid in their identification. A food reinforcer was delivered when the two fish approached one another across the partition. Experiment 3 examined whether it is possible to track multiple fish without such a partition. Results of these three experiments were promising, suggesting that computer vision can be useful in the study of social operant behavior.

著者

国里 愛彦

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.50-53, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-12-14)

参考文献数

12

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Computational psychiatry is an interdisciplinary field that applies computational approaches to the research of mental disorders. The four types of generative models used in computational psychiatry and the benefits of using generative models were explained. As an example of computational psychiatry research, a latent cause model in the return of fear was explained. Latent causal models are generative models of the process by which organisms infer latent causes from observed data, and can explain fear conditioning. As the future challenges in computational psychiatry, the making open of data, analysis codes, and materials and methods for accumulating knowledge about computational psychiatry were discussed.

著者

須藤 珠水 茂木 健一郎

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, 2003

著者

山上 精次

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.71-83, 1989-03-31 (Released:2016-11-11)

被引用文献数

1

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There exists a considerable literature on the early development of visual perception, but much less research on the development of eye movement per se has been reported. This paper reviews the basic research on the early development of the saccades and smooth pursuit movements of the eye. The following topics are discussed: the developmental changes in saccadic latency, the existence of slow saccades and multiple saccades during the early stages of development, and the problem of whether neonates can pursue moving targets smoothly or not. Research on the developmental changes in smooth pursuit eye movements during childhood are also reviewed, and it is pointed out that less quantitative research has been done with children than with infants. In research on the development of eye movements, attentional and arousal factors of the subjects play a very important role. Finally, it is pointed out that the improvement of measuring techniques is neccesary.

著者

吉本 早苗

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.75-84, 2017-09-30 (Released:2017-12-07)

参考文献数

74

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Time-varying patterns such as flickering lights can cause discomfort and induce seizures in photosensitive observers. An understanding of the temporal characteristics of visual discomfort is therefore important from both scientific and practical viewpoints. The purpose of this paper is to review existing studies on the impact of temporal characteristics on discomfort. Two related factors have been suggested as predictors of discomfort caused by time-varying patterns: (1) excessive contrast energy at the medium temporal frequencies to which the visual system is generally most sensitive, and (2) temporal deviations from the natural (1/f ) statistical characteristic. These effects mirror the visual discomfort caused by spatial patterns, in some ways but not all. The interaction between spatial and temporal parameters needs to be investigated to clarify the factors underlying visual discomfort.

著者

大串 健吾

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.117-121, 1999-03-31 (Released:2016-11-16)

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Generally, music performances of a piece by different pianists show different expressions. Musical expressions are mainly controlled by varying the IOI (InterOnset Interval) pattern of adjacent notes and the dynamics pattern of notes. First, the IOI pattern and the dynamics pattern of Mozart's piano sonata K. 331 by a professional pianist were shown and the characteristics of the patterns were described. Second, an experimental result by Repp (1997) was introduced. It shows that average music performances were rated higher in aesthetic quality compared to most individual performances. Therefore, an average music performance of Mozart's piano sonata K. 331 by six pianists were physically analyzed. The analysis showed that the IOI increased at the end of a phrase and that the dynamics pattern showed a inverted U form in a phrase. This may be assumed to be a general rule for a music performance. To examine this assumption, artificial performances were produced by manipulating the IOI pattern and the dynamics pattern and the aesthetic quality of those performances were rated. The result suggested that the assumption was right.

著者

三浦 利章

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.64-69, 2001-09-30 (Released:2016-11-18)

被引用文献数

1

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Effects of some factors on relation between visual search and internal representation were examined in real behavioral situations: knowledge in Bonsai appreciation, way of concern in an assembly task, skill in piano playing from a viewpoint of perceptual-motor coordination and useful field of view, and, demands in automobile driving from a viewpoint of useful field of view. Skill and knowledge are prerequisites for formation of efficient and appropriate representation. This was demonstrated through scan-path, span of preview, useful field of view, and temporal stability of perceptual-motor coordination. Furthermore, establishment of procedure of behavior was suggested to be significant for formation of representation. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that useful field of view becomes narrower under demanding situations because of limitation of attention resource.