著者

Lertlum Surat Shibayama Mamoru

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.547-563, 2009-03-31

---

Geo-informatics technologies are utilized in the conservation and management of cultural heritage and in related studies. For example, remote sensing(RS) and Geographical Information System(GIS) technologies are utilized as tools for archaeological analysis together with conventional methods. Around the world, RS and GIS technologies have been used to assist archaeologists to pinpoint and identify archaeological sites. With reference to these applications of geoinformatics, the Living Angkor Road Project came up in 2005 with the concept of integrated studies based on interdisciplinary collaboration in an archaeological study in Thailand and Cambodia [Lertlum et al. 2007]. In this project, archaeological and anthropological knowledge was used together with geo-informatics, information and geo-physics technologies to identify,pinpoint and study the ancient road from Angkor in Cambodia to Phimai in Thailand that is described in the inscription of the Pra Khan temple in Angkor, Cambodia.Application of geo-informatics to this project revealed the following results: (1) Application of GIS/RS confirmed the hypothesis proposed by archaeologists based on the Pra Khan inscription that an ancient road once ran from Angkor in Siem Reap area of Cambodia to Phimai in Nakorn Ratchasima, Thailand. In particular, parts of the ancient road were clearly recognized by analyzingthe archaeological sites found standing along a line on satellite images and aerial photographs. (2) Buildings and facilities related with the ancient road, such as ancient bridges,ancient industry sites, and dharmshalas (rest-house chapels), were newly discovered through the same analysis. (3) Predictions and assumptions derived from RS/GIS methodologies were verified by field surveys conducted by specialists in archaeology, anthropology, and informatics.In other words, RS/GIS methodologies also could be used to decide an area of field survey in advance. This approach in area studies exactly corresponds to one of the proposed methodologies of Area Informatics [Shibayama 2005].This paper describes the role and significance of geo-informatics in the study of the royal road from Angkor to Phimai, presents new findings obtained from application of geo-informatics in archaeological studies, describes how GIS/RS technologies were applied, and discusses effectiveness of applying the satellite image ASTER1) and SRTM2) elevation data in the project.

著者

江崎 光男

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.p495-508, 1987-12

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。Based on a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of Thailand, this paper quantitatively evaluates the impacts on the Thai economy caused by such external and internal shocks as oil price changes, fiscal and financial policies, tax policies, structural and technological changes, and so on, from the point of view of comparative statics in 1982. Results are summarized as ten implications for the Thai economy. The CGE model of Thailand has three major characteristics. First, the model integrates real and financial sectors to determine the absolute level of prices. Second, the model endogenously determines the exchange rate, covering fixed, partially flexible, and completely flexible exchange rate systems. Third, the model formulates the labor market along a line similar to dualistic development theories, dividing it into formal and informal sectors. This is a condensed version of the paper in English with the same title, which appeared in M. Ezaki, ed. Development Planning and Policies in ASEAN Countries, CSEAS, Kyoto Univ., March 1987. See the original paper for details.

著者

中野 秀一郎

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.55-72, 1968-06

---

社会体系の成立・存続を合法的政権の存立を基準にして把えた理由は最初に述べたが, それはむしろ「構造」の在り方に対するタテマエに準じてのことであった。しかし, 現実には, 1957年以前と以後では, 特に「政府」の役割(その「能率性」と「正当性」)をめぐって顕著な差異が存する。consolidationの作業を中心とした初期のI・L次元での機能要件の充足は, 特に米国の強力な後押し, ジェムの民族主義者としてのイメージの斬新さ, 反仏・反封建・民族主義の一般感情など, favorableな諸条件にめぐまれていちおう成功的であった。もっとも, 政府・行政レベルにおけるkinship particularismの傾向はすでに1955年5月のジェム内閣の組閣にも顕著に現われているが, 1956年初頭の政治-宗教集団の掃討と政府軍の確立・強化とにみられる成功は, いちおう新政権が期待しうる成果としては上出来のものであった。しかし, 一方では主要な機能要件が対ゲリラ戦への諸活動となり, 他方, 行政の日常化(routinization)過程で権力の恣意性と権威主義(特に, ゴー一族の国政における私的干渉, 例, 1957年の"家族法")が増大し, 体系機能の全体的遂行という視角が消えてしまう。こうした体系機能要件遂行の阻害は, 組織論的には, particularismの進行に伴う, 命令統一・ライン組織の秘密警察組織による破壊が致命的であるが, これらはすべて「政策」施行のフィード・バック機構を閉ざすことになり, 権力の孤立化と独善化を招いた。特に, これが人的資源(忠誠と能力)の動員という社会構造の中心的要素を破壊するものであったことはここに詳らかにする必要もあるまい。(こうした行政的欠陥を如実に暴露しているのは, 1961年から始まった"戦略村"計画であった。)中央権力の機能喪失と正当性の失墜は, particularismの多元化として体系下位集団への「資源」配分の傾斜を招くが, それが伝統的な<kinship-oriented>の価値観を中核として, さらには第一次および文化的・派生的な機能をも充足させうる自足性の高い社会単位の生成を促す(もっとも, こうした状況自体を可能にするものは, 後進型社会に特徴的な社会的・機能的分化の未発達である)。こうして, 社会の四つの機能的下位領域で「政府」による「資源」動員の体制が空洞化し, 体系の崩壊が必然となるのである。

著者

伊藤 正子

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.294-313, 2010-12-30

---

Korean’s memories as heroic stories have been confused since Han-kyoreh magazine reported that Korean troops conducted mass killings. After 30 years, an ex-service Korean’s group visited the Ha My hamlet, Quang Nam Province, where slaughters occurred in 1968. They built a monument for the victims. But when it was completed, the group felt shocked about a poem on the massacre on the monument. After going back to Korea, they demanded revisions. The Vietnamese government, which was asked for revisions by the Korean Embassy, put pressure on the villagers, who finally covered the inscription. Vietnamese policy is to seal the past and look to the future as at present, the most important issue for the government is to procure development funds from other countries, and to maintain the legitimacy of the Communist Party through economic development. Therefore, the memories of the Ha My, whose villagers did not necessarily contribute to the Revolution, could not become an official memory. Further, those memories are not connected with nationalism. This point is the most different when comparing with the case between Korea or China and Japan. After the report by the Han-kyoreh, one Korean NGO started volunteer activities for Vietnamese survivors. Through those activities, some survivors have been healed, and for the sake of the Korean NGO, the memory of Ha My, which can never become official memory, is preserved in Vietnam.

著者

外山 文子

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.109-138, 2013-07-31

---

Thailand made great progress toward institutional democratization through the amendment of the 1991 Constitution, which stipulated that only elected MPs were eligible for the position of prime minister in 1992. This amendment was followed by the 1997 Constitution. However, Thailand experienced a coup in 2006, and the coup group drafted the 2007 Constitution. Since the coup, the judiciary has been pivotal in changing governments. Democratically elected governments have been toppled by the judiciary. Furthermore, people in large cities such as Bangkok, who protested against the military's extended rule in 1992, approved of the 2006 coup and the unusual methods employed in changing governments, an abnormal phenomenon in a parliamentary democracy. The common objective that links the coup, the two constitutional amendments (1997 and 2007), and the decisions of the judiciary is resolving corruption among the country's politicians. Even though several coups have occurred and constitutional amendments have been made for this purpose, the problem of corruption appears to be continually exacerbating. To understand this issue, it is important to recognize what kinds of behavior in politicians have been codified as corruption. Therefore, this paper examines the legal definitions of corruption. A close scrutiny of Thailand's constitutions and laws reveals that the legal definition of corruption has widened owing to the former's consecutive amendments since the 1990s, from apparent corruption (such as bribes or kickbacks) to vague or gray corruption (such as conflicts of interest and false statements of property and debt). Although in other countries these new legal definitions of corruption are used to control the spread of corruption among politicians by pre-empting potential corruption, in Thailand such forms of corruption are stipulated as grave crimes that could end an individual's political career--and they have broader definitions, including forms of corruption that are not serious. This suggests that constitutional amend- ments have resulted in increased corruption among politicians. This has caused people to distrust politicians and a democratic form of government, leading to the possible destruction of democracy either by coup or by the judiciary. In fact, constitutional amendments may themselves have been excuses for dismantling democracy.

著者

Buadaeng Kwanchewan

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.359-384, 2006

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。The Tribal Research Center/Institute (TRI) was inaugurated in 1965 and dissolved by theThai government Bureaucratic Reform Act in 2002. This paper discusses the rise and fallof the TRI by showing that the TRI has come from the need of the Thai government, withthe support from foreign agencies, to have an "advisory and training" center to deal with"hill tribe problems," in the context where few ethnic studies institutes and researchersexisted. TRI had actively served its mother organizations by providing them necessaryinformation and recommendation for the monitoring, evaluation and improvement of thegovernment and highland development projects, while its resource center and experts hadserved academic society for many decades. In 2000s, when "hill tribe problems" havediminished: communist operation stopped, opium cultivation reduced and hill tribes wereseemingly well integrated into Thai society, the government no longer needed to maintainits focus on the hill tribes and related organizations. The TRI's role was terminatedwithout any proper handing over of its human and other resources to the right institute.Unlike 40 years ago, however, now ethnic studies institutes and especially ethnic ownorganizations and communities have grown up to take care of their problems, arising fromgovernment policy and modernization, by carrying out ethnic studies and development bytheir own.

著者

藤田 幸一 遠藤 環 岡本 郁子 中西 嘉宏 山田 美和

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.157-210, 2013-01-31

---

The Thai economy is supported by a large number of unskilled migrant workers from the neighbouringcountries, especially Myanmar, since the late 1980s. However, the Thai government's system of receivingmigrants has been largely defective, due to internal inconsistencies and conflicts among the differentagencies of the government. Based on recent household-level surveys on Myanmar migrants in Ranong,southern Thailand, we delineate their work and living conditions-how they work hard for wages lowerthan the minimum wage that leave them with no surplus for remitting to their home country yet a largeamount of debt, as well as the harassment and abuse they suffer in the hands of Thai government officials,etc. We also show the actual situation of Myanmar sex workers, including the serious problem of humantrafficking they face. By interviewing various government agencies (including the police, labour department,hospitals, etc.), business associations, and NGOs, we show how the "structure" in which the Myanmarmigrants are situated has emerged and is maintained.

著者

大野 徹

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.3, pp.363-390, 1969-12

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

西村 昌也

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.3-32, 2008

---

Recent progress in the data collection and typological classification of bronze drums of northern Vietnam and its surroundings have made it possible to recognize the geographical distribution and chronology of bronze drum types (Pre-Heger I to Heger IV). All types show a limited distribution range and some have been played an important role as a ritual or prestige good in several ethnic societies. Therefore, combining archaeological advances with ethnography, historical documentation, and legend can provide a key to understanding the formation of present-day ethnic groups. The Heger I type of Dong Son tradition drums (2nd century BC to 1st century BC), which were cast in the local Dong Son cultural sphere, are almost all concentrated on the hilly area and lower plains to the south of the Red River. Furthermore, the distribution of the later Heger II type (3-4th to 8-9th century AD) and Pseudo Heger II type (11th to 15-16th century AD), some of which are still used by the Muong ethnic group, overlaps with the distribution of the former type in the mountain range. Heger II were cast in Guangxi and Pseudo Heger II were very possibly cast in the Thang Long or surrounding lowland area of the Red River Plain on behalf of mountainous ethnic groups. Although the area and people that produced bronze drums were changed in its long history, the people that used the drums remained the same in the Northern Vietnam. Furthermore, while the Viet-Muong ethnic group have a long-term tradition of using bronze drums, the Thai and Tay, the major Thai ethno-linguistic groups of northern Vietnam, have not retained such a continuous tradition. This is one contrast between the Thai/Tay and Viet/Muong groups. Another ethnic group that has retained a long term tradition of bronze drum usage is the Lo Lo (Tibet-Burma) of the northernmost area of Vietnam.

著者

深尾 葉子

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.294-327, 2004

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

東 佳史

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.328-353, 2004-12

---

In many respects, Cambodia's Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) program is uniquein terms of complexity as well as the difficulties involved in project implementation. This study attempts toarticulate the extent to which structural background determines the fate of demobilized combatants. Itexamines the General Health Assessment (GHA) of 15,000 combatants carried out by the InternationalOrganization of Migration (IOM) in 2001–02, as well as the 1998 Cambodian Population Census. OtherCambodian epidemiological data, although very limited in terms of number of studies, are also used as acomparison to the GHA data.The DDR program is a most urgent political priority for Cambodian national development as well asthe reform of national accounts. One legacy of more than twenty years of civil war is the bloated militarysector that consumes a disproportionate share of a very limited budget. Thus, rapid demobilization isneeded to control the budget, and the reintegration of combatants (through vocational training, etc.) iscrucial to increase GDP. However, the empirical data show that most demobilized combatants are chronicallyill, commonly suffering multiple illnesses. Disability, impairment, and psychiatric illnesses are alsoevident. Furthermore, lack of an appropriate medical referral system has directly resulted in the developmentof further vulnerability, especially among elderly combatants. Hence, urgent measures are necessaryto coordinate the social safety net and, with donor support, regulate the referral system.

著者

川上 潤一郎

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.3, pp.83-92, 1965-01

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

増原 善之

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.418-421, 2006-12-31

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

合田 涛

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.289-317, 1986-12

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

Ileto Reynold C.

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.62-82, 1993-06

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

鶴見 良行

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.206-221, 1993-12

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

長津 一史

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.261-300, 1997-09

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

藤吉 慈海

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.119-125, 1964-09

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

柴山 守

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.481-495, 2009-03-31

著者

Maniago Elmina Rayah Dizon

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.494-518, 2007-03-31

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。