著者

鳥井 弘之

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究技術計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.48-54, 1986

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新製品開発12事例が紹介されている.採り上げられた事例は,日本経済新聞,日経産業新聞に過去1年間に掲載された新製品のうち,技術的な先進性や技術集約度の高いと思われるもの約600件の中から選ばれ,その後詳細なヒアリング調査がおこなわれた60件余りのうちの特に興味深いものである.新製品開発プロセスを総括すると,(1)開発課題の発見,(2)開発目標の設定,(3)開発作業,(4)製品の評価の4つのステップに分けることができる.日本企業の技術陣の目標接近能力は極めて高い.今後は課題発見と目標設定能力が求められている.プレークスルー・ポイントが(1)(2)である場合に,新鮮な新製品開発に結びつくケースが目立つ.

著者

矢澤 信雄 平澤 〓

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究技術計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.214-226, 2003-08-06

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本研究の目的は,LC(life cycle)全コスト指標を新たに定義し,それを客観的判断指標とした政策形成のあり方について検討をおこなうことにある。事例として各種発電技術をとりあげ,LC全コスト指標の推計をおこなった。推計結果から政策形成のあり方にかかわる次の示唆が得られた。太陽光発電と風力発電のLC全コストは,他の発電技術のLC全コストより極めて大きい。また,太陽光発電および風力発電のLC全コストは,その約8割以上が政策コストによって占められている。発電設備の普及ないし,公的支出による研究開発投資の削減をめぐる政策のあり方の検討が重要である。また,火力のレベルにまでこれらを下げるには,さらに建設費の低減ないし発電効率の一層の向上も必要である。原子力と水力は最も低コストの発電技術であり,火力の約半分程度以下である。原子力発電のLC全コストにおいては,廃棄コストが約1割と,他の発電技術に比べて廃棄コストが大きな割合を占めている。これを,安全性を低下させずに削減することが,これからの研究開発政策課題として重要である。火力発電のLC全コストにおいては,環境コスト,特に二酸化炭素処理コストが占める部分が5割以上を占めている。これを低減させることが,今後の研究開発課題として重要である。

著者

露木 恵美子

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.39-57, 2019-03-20 (Released:2020-06-30)

参考文献数

26

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This paper attempts to construct a ba ("field") theory toward collective creativity. Ba is a foundation of knowledge creation. I define ba as "a time-space given meaning by humans' inter-subjective/inter-corporeal relationality." In order to create a ba model, I introduce concepts from Husserl's inter-subjectivity and Merleau-Ponty's inter-corporality in phenomenology as generative principles and use Bio holonics based on Nishida Kitaro's basho theory as a foundation. Furthermore, I introduce Yamaguchi's three layers model of phenomenology. The third layer in Yamaguchi's theory is highly related to the transcendental status of human's creativity. Through these theoretical background, I am able to highlight the characteristics of ba, their generative mechanisms, as well as their functioning and effectiveness in collective creativity.

著者

福嶋 路

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.4, pp.472-475, 2021-05-27 (Released:2021-05-22)

著者

高田 仁

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.305-315, 2020-12-16 (Released:2020-12-26)

参考文献数

23

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This paper focuses on the relationship between "Pasteur-type" researchers and their startup companies. Through the case study analysis, author found that "Pasteur-type" researchers acquired the sense of value in consideration of use through their career. In addition to the fact that the venture was a familiar and realistic option for researchers, they created an environment in which they didn't need to be deeply involved in management of startups. Furthermore, it was observed as a common characteristic among all the researchers that they had an emphasis on basic research and clearly drew a line in the division of roles with startups. These results suggest that establishing a university-startup may be a suitable option to keep the basic research environment and to promote innovation based on the scientific achievement.

著者

菅田 洋一

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.333-344, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-21)

参考文献数

20

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As scientific research and business utilizing satellites are spreading worldwide, strategic securing of national interests of satellite orbits is an important issue. Satellites are registered and managed in accordance with the technical standards and operational rules stipulated in the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), but the actual status of satellites' deployment is not widely understood by the general public due to the high expertise of their related data. On the other hand, various efforts are underway to publish government-owned data and make data freely available, and among these, those efforts to visualize and publish data in a form close to the actual situation are still on their way. Therefore, this paper will clarify the actual usage of satellite orbits and consider how to solve issues to strategically secure their national interests by focusing on and visualizing buried data such as orbital positions from specialized datasets related to international standards for satellites.

著者

井上 智洋

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.64-73, 2017-02-28 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

14

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I discuss how the emergence of artificial general intelligence (AGI) affects economic growth, employment, and income distribution. If AGI substitutes perfectly for human labor, the AK-type economy will occur. In the economy, the rate of economic growth gets higher over the years, the employment rate and the labor share approach 0%, and the capital share approaches 100%. I propose that basic income can contribute to the well-being of the laborer who have no capital.

著者

谷治 和文

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.169-178, 2019-09-13 (Released:2020-01-31)

参考文献数

16

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In this paper, this research focuses on the motivation in determining the inventive step which is one of the patent requirements at the time of patent examination. Patent examiners determine the inventive step by judging whether a person ordinarly skilled in the art of the invention is easilry able to make the claimed invention (filed invention) based on the cited inventions or not. The motivation is the factor by which a person ordinarly skilled in the art is easilry able to make the claimed invention based on the cited inventions. The motivation commonly used in examination is the similarity of the problems to be solved in combining a plurality of cited inventions, and the similarity of the problems to be solved between the calimed invention and one cited invention. In this research, I discuss how much similar of problems to be solved can be similarity of the above motivation by making superconceptualization.

著者

喜多村 和之

出版者

Japan Society for Research Policy and Innovation Management

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.7-12, 2000-10-25 (Released:2017-12-29)

参考文献数

27

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In October 1999, the Minister of Education proposed the drastic change of legal status of all 99 national universities from the current "governmental institutional establishments" to a new "independent administrative corporation" with legal person status(dokuritsu gyosei houjin)according to the overall administrative reform plan of the central government. Association of the National Universities has principally opposed against this plan. Although this change has been initiated by the political forces, however, the idea that the National university should have more autonomous status which is independent from the direct governmental control have been repeatedly proposed. This is the old and new problem which had proposed by faculty members of the Imperial University and mass media even since 1889, in the Meiji era, just after the founding of the University. After the WWII, in 1970s, Central Council of Education(Chukyoshin)proposed the idea of the same autonomous legal corporation, and OECD Examiners which reviewed Japanese educational policies in 1971, supported the idea, and Ad.Hoc.Commission for Educational Reform(rinkyoshin)in 1980s also proposed the similar corporation status. However, all these governmental plans have not been implemented due to strong oppositions from national universities, while national universities each time have not been successful in proposing strong, alternative idea, based on the consensus of the academic circles. Although it is not yet certain if this conflicts between governments and universities may result, the Minister of Education decided to the reform and Liberal Democratic Party principally supported the idea in June 2000, the resolution of this old but new important questions "what kind of legal status and institutional form should be most desirable?" requires the resolution of the most basic and fundamental question "what is the concept of the unibersity in the modern society, and what kind of missions should be conducted by the university? Unifortunately, it seems that both Japanese national universities and government have not yet built the raison d'etre of the existence of national university which is both understandable and accountable to the Japanese nation as a whole for the 21st century.

著者

川上 浩司

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.69-78, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-07-02)

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The health, clinic, and education information evaluation institute (HCEI) develop databases derived from nerborn to school age health check-ups under the contract with local governments in Japan, and epidemiological analyses are provided to both individuals and local governments. The anonymized database is maintained for the secondary epidemiology research by researchers. On the other hand, HCEI aldo develops anonymized clinical database (RWD-DB) derived from electric medical record of hosipitals in Japan. Eplidemiological analyses utilizing RWD-DB is provided to hosipitals for the purpose of improvement of clinical outcomes and safety. These initiatives are important not only for the research basis but also for the health policy and helath-related industry.

著者

小竹 雅子

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.371-383, 2022-11-01 (Released:2022-11-14)

参考文献数

43

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Promoting research ethics and integrity education attracts worldwide attention in response to research misconduct cases. However, such efforts vary greatly between countries, and Japan, which is behind in its efforts, may benefit from learning from an experienced country. This article reviewed the institutionalization process of instruction in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) in American universities since the 1980s by analyzing related literature. It then examined how the view of RCR education changed over time, and what factors drove those changes. The findings demonstrated that the institutionalization process of RCR instruction was one in which reform paths sought to integrate RCR instruction into everyday activities in universities. Recommendations by the Academies and some scientists' efforts influenced the direction of reform by infusing the true meaning of RCR into instruction with a strong compliance character. Ultimately, the reform aims to transform the entire research environment, including deeply embedded goals and values.

著者

小知和 裕美

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.59-68, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-07-02)

参考文献数

21

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Data is one of the resources retained by all organizations, and is positioned as a seed that can establish new areas of research and development. In order to promote digital transformation in research and development (research DX) toward the realization of Society 5.0, as stated in the Sixth Science Basic Plan, it is required to conduct joint research through organization-to-organization industry-academia collaboration. In this paper, we point out the importance of perspectives for creating long-term value and valuing data as an intangible asset in order to eliminate bottlenecks in the establishment of organization-to-organization collaborations between universities and companies. In addition, we also focus on health and medical data as one of the seeds for the utilization of big data. In order to efficiently answer new research questions, it is necessary to construct life course data by linking diverse data retained by various institutions. Since the construction of such life course data, in which diverse data are collected and consolidated, requires a business design that maximizes the long-term interests of stakeholders, the effectiveness of establishing a consortium composed of relevant stakeholders is mentioned.

著者

永井 明彦 中川 裕揮 伊藤 孝行 田辺 孝二

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1_2, pp.39-56, 2013-01-31 (Released:2017-10-21)

参考文献数

47

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1990年頃より世界では特定した用途での市場標準を目指した特定用途向けLSI(ASSP)を製品化しているファブレス半導体ベンチャーが大きく躍進を遂げている。一方で日本の半導体メーカを見ると,大手半導体メーカはASSPへの取り組みが充分とは言えず,他方でファブレス半導体ベンチャーでもASSPの成功例が少ない。このような状況で,事例のファブレス半導体ベンチャーは,特定ユーザ企業及び半導体商社と協調し,ASSPが市場標準となって,大きな事業収益に結びついていた。そこで本稿は日本のファブレス半導体ベンチャーが抱える課題を明らかにした上で,事例の成功要因を分析し,ファブレス半導体ベンチャーが市場参入する機会を得るための1つの方法を提案する。

著者

森下 竜一 隅藏 康一 齋藤 裕美

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.68-73, 2015-08-31 (Released:2017-10-19)

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The environment of business development on regenerative medicine in Japan was drastically changed by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, etc. Act and the Regenerative Medicine Act that were enforced on November 25th, 2014. In parallel, the situation surrounding health and medical innovation in Japan is also changing. In this article we interviewed Professor Ryuichi Morishita, a member of the Council for Regulatory Reform, to discuss the trend of medical regulatory reform in Japan.

著者

姜 娟

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.267-287, 2009-02-23 (Released:2017-10-21)

参考文献数

115

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21世紀に入って,世界中で「イノベーション」の言葉を冠した,各国政府による長期戦略が次々と打ち出されている。そうした長期戦略は時代変化の挑戦に対する意識的な応答といえるが,今日においては,「イノベーション」の用語が最も使用頻度の高い政策常套語になっている。しかし,「イノベーション政策」の概念の意味自体が,時を経て,変化してきている。本論考は,「イノベーション政策」とはどのような性格をもった政策的対応であるか,また「イノベーション政策」におけるイノベーションとは如何なることであるかを,今日の段階で改めて見極めることが重要であるという想定に立っている。その考察のためには,「イノベーション政策」の来歴,その後の展開,そして現在の到達点を跡づけてみることが必要であり,有用である。本稿においては,その発足時から現時点にいたるまでのOECDにおける関連領域の政策研究や論議を取り上げ,イノベーション政策の展開を学習過程として捉え,そこにおける政策ニーズと知的努力の間,政策アイディアと理論的,経験的研究の間の共進化を解明する。

著者

奥村 洋

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.251-265, 2017-10-31 (Released:2018-04-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2

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CPS (Cyber-Physical System) is expected to be an initiator of next-generation innovation, and it's elemental and practical researches are advanced mainly in Europe and the United States. Japanese government's Society 5.0 program needs CPS technologies as its base, but the definition of CPS seems different from other countries. In this paper the history of CPS is studied carefully from its origins to the current global trends.The global trends of CPS lead by Europe and the United States are 1) illustrated as next-generation embedded systems 2) cross-sectoral and common basic technologies 3) streamlined research schema have been developed from elemental to practical 4) elemental researches are multi-disciplinary.It is difficult to find such a direction in Japanese policy, although its focuses are on IoT, AI, Big Data. The reasons are analyzed and some issues are pointed out in this paper.

著者

坂田 俊文

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.100-107, 1986 (Released:2017-07-07)

著者

施井 泰平

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.367-376, 2019-12-27 (Released:2020-01-29)

参考文献数

12

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The expectation for Blockchain technology has been continued, although its social implementation has not so widely progressing yet. Blockchain is thought as a general-purpose technology, it has been expanded with being subdivided. Art market is expecting especially for the robustness in falsify in characteristics of Blockchain technology. They hope its early implementation in the art market and activation of the market.

著者

赤池 伸一

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.185-192, 2021-07-19 (Released:2021-07-19)

参考文献数

16

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The pandemic of COVID-19 has changed the relationship between government and academia. At first, this article outlines recent domestic and global trends in scientific advice to governments. The concept of scientific advice has been sophisticated and systemized from macroscopic views. However, there are still various practical problems in actual policy making process in governments. The article deepens the problems from the viewpoints of differences of way of thinking between government officials and academicians, and recognition on hierarchy of policies and organizations. Finally, this article implies that the problem of the scientific advice on COVID 19 was due to lack of preparation for emergency cases.

著者

嶋林 ゆう子 林崎 規託 鳥井 弘之

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.163-175, 2008-09-26 (Released:2017-10-21)

参考文献数

44

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科学技術と社会が健全な関係を維持するためには,科学技術と社会のコミュニケーションが求められる。本論は,科学技術の専門家が負う説明責任に焦点を絞り,責任が生じる局面の抽出を通して,科学技術における説明責任の概念に迫るものである。まず,説明責任の関連用語(アカウンタビリティ,知る権利,情報公開)の語義の分析に基づき,分野を科学技術に限定せずに,日本社会における説明責任の一般的な概念を整理した。さらに,社会システムを構成する一要素としての科学技術の特殊性を抽出した。これらの結果を踏まえて,科学技術の専門家に説明責任が生じる次の4つの局面を切り出した。(1)資源が負託されたとき,(2)権限が負託されたとき,(3)人体(個人/集団)に対する影響が生じるとき,(4)社会(現在/将来)に対する影響が生じるとき。これらと現行の科学技術政策において説明責任が生じるとされている局面を比較し,その差異について指摘した。本論によって,科学技術の専門家は自分たちがいつ社会に説明すべきかが分かり,自律的に説明責任を遂行することができるようになる。また,社会の側も,いつ専門家に責任追及すべきかを判別することが可能となる。さらに,説明責任を課せられた側と課す側がその責任の概念を共有できれば,専門家と社会の双方の参加による,「社会のための科学技術」の実現の一助となる。