著者

荒木 宏之 古賀 憲一 荒牧 軍治 二渡 了

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.32-37, 1990-08-10 (Released:2010-03-17)

参考文献数

9

---

The water management systems in channel network in the Saga Plains have a long history. The functions, drainage and irrigation etc., are gradually changing for 400 years with social systems such as modernizing of agriculture and urbanization etc. An integrated water management based on inhabitants' consciousness and water quality is necessary for environmental conservation. For the sake of appropriate environmental conservation of the creeks, 1) historical change of the water management is classified, 2) relationships between the change of water management and social systems are revealed, 3) inhabitants' consciousness is surveyed by the questionnaire. As a result, the change of water management is classified into three processes, that is, the developing process (-1600), the completion process (1600-1940), and the declining process due to water pollution (1940-present). From the result of the questionnaire, important experiences during childhood, such as drinking the water of creeks and swimming, influence inhabitants' consciousness viz, familiarity to the creeks. Especially, the influence appeared strongly on middle-aged inhabitants who were in childhood earlier in the third process. It is necessary to sustain the traditional experiences for conserving the environment.

著者

延藤 安弘

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

no.24, pp.495-502, 1996

被引用文献数

1

---

Why have our public environment become hard and banal blandscape? How important is an aesthetically pleasing public environment to personal well-being? It emphasizes linkages between vitalization of people's life and life's fulfillment of environment, which I call creative community design.<BR>This article describes the meaning of environment learning through creative community design with an analysis of the building and management process of Nekojyarashi Park. It is located in Setagaya ward. The site's size is 2700 After resident's movement for 5 years, they participated in planning process of the park.<BR>As a communal task of a series of workshop, the community-build project has many benefits, that are often the oppsite to conventional building methods.<BR>It can provide a place with special landscape taste and an interesing and worthwhile experience for those participating, and also an opportunity to produce a good and open human network in the neighbourhood.<BR>Creative community design with a participatory design and management is a totally situated environment learning process. In such circumstance's work, it produces not only an aesthetically nourishing environment, but also inspiring the human spirit and relation.

著者

市川 新 松井 三郎 楠田 哲也 盛岡 通 アーマド カウザー カーン ジャミール

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.432-437, 1994

---

In the old civilization at Moenjodaro, there were many conduits and open channels, which were told they were used as a sanitary sewer. However, this civilization was very old and hadn't succeeded by the comtemporary races and/or nations, therefore it is very difficult to identify its real purposes. In this research, based on the field survey we would like to focus on understanding the real purpose of their drainage system.

著者

岡本 誠一郎 宇野 孝一

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.360-365, 1995-08-15 (Released:2010-03-17)

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The life of inhabitants was influenced by the drought and water shortage in 1994 in various places of Japan. Lake Biwa also became an abnormal water shortage and recorded the lowest water level. Then, we carefully controlled the water level of Lake Biwa and other dams. Moreover, to evaluate the influence on the environment by the drought and water shortage, we did an overall environmental investigation of Lake Biwa.To advance‘wise use’of Lake Biwa further, These results can be used.

著者

永野 孝一 永野 理恵 乾 由美 金安 公造

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.165-170, 1994-08-20 (Released:2010-03-17)

参考文献数

9

---

Life Cycle Assessment examines the impacts on resorce and energy consumption and environment at each stage of production, through comsumption and final disporsal. This study examines the impacts on resource and energy by disporsable and reusable diapers use at comsumption stage. For this paper, we look into the actual condition through quationnare etc. So we get the following results.(1) Disporsable only and both kind of diapers use make up over 95%. There are some reasons, a good sleep of child and mother, a saving of time and labor for washing, so that on.(2) Reusable diaper use has higher charges for public services only, but including for purchase disporsable one is 3.7 times cost than the other.(3) On environmental impacts, mainly, reusable diaper use is a burden to the sewage disporsal plant. Disporsable diaper use generates more solid waste than reusable diaper.

著者

天野 耕二 牧田 和也

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.253-259, 1998-10-15 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

3 1

---

It has become significant to illustrate the environmental load emissions and the costs by waste recycling system, and to improve the actual recycling processes in various industries. Objective of this study is to evaluate the carbon dioxide emission and costs in the construction processes of new and recycled pavement. Three kinds of materials (asphalt, cement, and aggregate) are put into road building. We reached the recycling effects in the carbon dioxide emission and construction costs by applying these materials to some model cases of the traffic volume. The following results were obtained in this study.(1) Recycling of pavement waste asphalt is effective for reducing 56% of carbon dioxide emission.(2) Recycling of pavement waste aggregate increases carbon dioxide emission but it is greatly effective for saving resources consumption.(3) While the recycled asphalt pavement is expected to have some advantages in reducing carbon dioxide emission and construction costs, it was founded the recycled concrete pavement to increase carbon dioxide emission and construction costs.

著者

高橋 潔 松岡 譲 原沢 英夫

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.121-131, 1997-10-15 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

25

---

The purpose of this study is to evaluate climate change impacts on crop production, which will be the basic information of analyzing world trade of agricultural commodities, and to help decision makings against potential uncertain problems. In this paper, we calculated change in potential productivity of rice, winter wheat and maize (tropical cultivation) between in 1990 and in 2100 based on the 11 GCM outputs combined with several CO2 emission scenarios and probable range of global temperature increase. Calculation was conducted by using a potential crop productivity model. The results were aggregated into 30 countries/regions. The direct effects of increasing CO2 concentration (CO2 fertilization) as well as the impacts due to global warming are considered. The major outcomes of the model calculations are summarized as follows:1) Considering CO2 fertilization, the potential productivity of rice and maize will increase in 2100 under the changed climate. As for winter wheat, regions at high latitudes gain higher yield and those at low latitudes loses its yield. Especially decrease in the productivity of winter wheat in India region may be serious.2) Comparing results with CO2 fertilization and those without it, it was found that most part of increases in potential productivity of rice and maize are derived from CO2 fertilization, not so much from climate change.

著者

渡会 由美

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

no.25, pp.345-354, 1997

---

In Japanese Islands, the irrigated agriculture, which was the historical turning point for the relation between nature and human, started between the Jomon and Yayoi periods.<BR>The purpose of this article is to study the change of the ancients living and production styles and their society system from the viewpoint of the natural environment especially for the water utilization. Then, the economy system for the modern society will be discussed incomparison to the ancient society system.<BR>Here are summary from this article:<BR>(1) The economy system in the Jomon period was constant economy that people hunt or reap as much as they need, which differs from growth economy that assumes surplus production occurred after the Yayoi period.<BR>(2) The society and economy in the Jomon period balanced as long as the amount of natural resources required was kept within the reproducible one.

著者

遠藤 銀朗

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.152-159, 1992-08-17 (Released:2010-03-17)

参考文献数

6

---

Methane production in the environment has been recognized as an important factor for the global warming. It is also important as a process for self-purification in the polluted environment. In this study, the author isolated methanogenic bacteria which live in a lake sediment and investigated the methanogenic activity of the isolated bacteria. The author also studied the distribution of methanogenic activity in a lake sediment by using sediment samples which were obtained from each depth of the sediment, and temperature effects to the methanogenic activities. One coccus bacterial strain of methanogenic bacteria isolated from the lake sediment was a hydrogen utilizing methanogen. It was impossible to isolate acetate utilizing methanogen from the lake sediment because of the coexisting bacteria other than methanogens. There were many differences between hydrogen utilizing methanogenesis and acetate utilizing methanogenesis. Methanogenesis from hydrogen dominated in the lake sediment, especially in the deeper sediment. This methanogenic activity was also observed at low temperature. Methanogenesis from acetate was active at the upper sediment which contained much organic compounds, but not so high as methanogenesis from hydrogen.

著者

市川 新 楠田 哲也 松井 三郎 盛岡 通 近藤 隆二郎 カーン ジャミール アーマド カウザー

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

no.23, pp.332-338, 1995

---

Moenjo-daro, one of the old civilizations in the world, was equipped with the perfect drainage system, wells and a great bath, which were excavated during 1920-30's, by British archaeologists, Sir John Marshall, Earnest MacKay and others. Those archaeologists supposed that these facilities associated with water had served almost same purpose as those in modern times do. However, there are many things which these hypotheses couldnot explain the real conditions. In this paper we would like to highlight the exact purpose of these water-related facilities, on the basis of hydraulic viewpoints.

著者

渡会 由美

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.345-354, 1997-10-15 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

44

---

In Japanese Islands, the irrigated agriculture, which was the historical turning point for the relation between nature and human, started between the Jomon and Yayoi periods.The purpose of this article is to study the change of the ancients living and production styles and their society system from the viewpoint of the natural environment especially for the water utilization. Then, the economy system for the modern society will be discussed incomparison to the ancient society system.Here are summary from this article:(1) The economy system in the Jomon period was constant economy that people hunt or reap as much as they need, which differs from growth economy that assumes surplus production occurred after the Yayoi period.(2) The society and economy in the Jomon period balanced as long as the amount of natural resources required was kept within the reproducible one.

著者

安達 實

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.509-514, 1997-10-15 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

33

---

In Toyama plain, there have been many big rivers such as Kurobe-river, Jyoganji-river, Jinzu-river and Shogawa-river, and these rivers gave great benefits to those who lived there whereas the rivers robed human lives as well as rice fields and wooden houses during floods. In order to mitigate flood disasters, the lord built large embankments and promoted to plant trees in mountain areas.In this paper, the policy and its effects on human lives are discussed.Kaga province selected seven kinds of trees such as pines, cryptomerias and so on as the symbol of protection of forests. This policy was called as seven-kinds-of-trees-system. If a farmer wanted to cut the trees even if they were of his own, he had to obtain permission of the authorities concerned.This system made a good effects on the forest protection, however, farmers lost to the intention to plant trees because they were not able to cut the trees freely.Nevertheless, this idea has been inherited to the present forest law.

著者

大野 嘉章

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.324-332, 1992-08-17 (Released:2010-03-17)

参考文献数

20

---

There is a great difference between the aspect of sound environment measured physically and that recognized by each people.Formerly, it was considered that physical and objective descriptions of environment were more excellent. However, the people's actions to their environments are determined by the environment images recognized by themselves. And the environments of next generation will be made by today's daily actions of people. So, it can be said that people's subjective recognition to the environment play an important role.Now I study the meaning and the role of subjective descriptions of sound environment by using examples of “Making Sound Map” and “Contest of Stillness”.

著者

百瀬 浩 舟久 保敏 木部 直美 中村 圭吾 藤原 宣夫 田中 隆

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.45-53, 1998-10-15 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4 5

---

A field survey was made on many artificially constructed Floating Islands in Japan in order to evaluate their function as habitat for birds such as nesting or resting site. We searched each island for birds' nesting activity and observed the behavior of birds on and near the island. We also collected plant samples and identified them to make the plant species list found on each island. Floating islands were classified into four basic types according to their structure and bird usage was conpared among these types. It was found that the island type B, in which the surface of the planting material was in lebel with the water furface, was suitable as the nesting place for the several water bird species, and all types of the islands were suitable as the resting place for the water birds.

著者

一ノ瀬 俊明

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.115-126, 1999-10-15 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

2 2

---

LUIS (Land Use Information System) is a digital land use data set covering all Japan with 2 km grid. The land use on each grid point in circa 1850, circa 1900, circa 1955 and circa 1985 were compiled in LUIS. By the numerical simulations with a mesoscale model referring to LUIS, the author attempted to pick up the influence on near surface air temperature by regional warming related with land use change during around 135 years.During 4 periods, the area showing the regional warming related with land use change has expanded. This feature was significant around Tokyo and Osaka. The maximum difference between circa 1850 and circa 1985 emerged at 9PM and the minimum emerged at 6AM. The former was 1.8 Celsius degrees in Tokyo (Otemachi).Urbanization during 4 periods weakened the daytime penetration of sea breeze in south Kanto and it brought a regional warming. The warming area moved to north with expanding on the Kanto Plain by sea breeze since daytime to mid-night. But an effect of recovery of forest in the mountainous area in central Japan was not clear. In Osaka Plain the movement of warming area by sea breeze was smaller than in Kanto Plain.

著者

神谷 幸利 守田 康彦 高橋 敬雄

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.134-141, 1995-08-15 (Released:2010-03-17)

参考文献数

13

---

In order to elucidate environmental effects of golf course construction and maintenance, golfcourses in Niigata Prefecture were selected as subjects. First, newspaper articles from 1990 to 1994 werecollected and analyzed. Next, a questionnaire survey was carried out on 24 golf clubs among 40 in the Prefecture. Third, effluent water quality of a golf course was analyzed. Then, quality and quantity of chemicals used for agriculture and golf courses were compared. Last, soil amounts moved during golf courses' construction were evaluated.As a result, it was found that residents near 14 golf courses opposed themselves to their construction, the main reason of which was the possibility of water quality deterioration. The pH, COD (Cr) and total nitrogen in the effluent from the golf course exceeded the criteria for agricultural water. The TOX was higher than that in the Shinano River water, but much lower than the chlorinated Shinano River water. It was also found that golf course construction does not always mean the increase in the amount of chemical compounds when compared with agricultural activities carried out in the same area. In contrast, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used for a golf course was much larger than that for agriculture. The soil amount moved during golf course construction amounted to 159 to 828 million m3.

著者

泉 岳樹 岡部 篤行 貞広 幸雄 花木 啓祐 一ノ瀬 俊明

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.171-178, 1999-10-15 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

---

This paper predicts the effects of the capital relocation on a thermal environment using a meso-scale meteorological model. Five candidate cities, Tomakomai, Nasu, Hamamatsu, Toki and Ueno, are chosen for study areas.The simulation results show that temperature will rise in all the candidate cities after the relocation. The temperature rise averaged over a day is from 0.5 to 1.0 degree centigrade in each candidate city. In the coastal candidate cities, Tomakomai and Hamamatsu, the temperature will rise not only in new capital regions but also in the leeward regions because of the sea breeze.Relative contribution of land cover changes and anthropogenic heat to the temperature rise are also compared. The temperature rise in the daytime is brought mostly by land cover changes. At night the influence of anthropogenic heat becomes large, and in some candidate cities it becomes greater than that of land cover changes. These results imply the energy-saving at night is effective for controllingthe temperature rise in a new capital.

著者

長坂 典昭

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.468-471, 1995-08-15 (Released:2010-03-17)

---

SABO work is one of the most fundamental public works that keep our lives and property away from danger, and its purpose is to prevent landslide disaster and improve our environmental quality of life.Recently, as the standard of living has got better and the concerns for nature and environmental issues have been shown strongly, there has been much demand for the affluence and the restoration of the enveronment. The infrastructure works have been called for change to adjust that kind of demand.The Kusatu River SABO Lerning Zone Model Work, which was started since HEISEI 2, was finished last year. This work was designed to fulfil the demand. Here I'd like to make a report on the aim, content and result of the work and in addition, what I think about it now as a person in charge.

著者

市川 新 平岡 憲人

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.44-52, 1990-08-10 (Released:2010-03-17)

参考文献数

10

---

The auther's interests are focused on the necessity of natural spaces in urban areas for restoring and developing of a symbiotic relationship between man and nature. The purposes of this study are as follows: (i) clarifying characteristics of natural space in urban area through comparing with natural space in rural area or man-made space in urban area.(2) clarifying mechanism of degradation of natural space in urban area.(3) proposing appropriate system for maintaining it as recreation space.The results led through these analysises as follows: (i) man tends to forget the favor of nature and their lives, and loses natural spaces.(ii) In surburb area of metro-polis it is efficient to conbine obligation to conserve and inhabitants needs for recreation of natural spaces and be acknowledged sustainable continuation of natural spaces.

著者

河野 勝 日置 佳之 田中 隆 長田 光世 須田 真一 太田 望洋

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境システム研究 (ISSN:09150390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.59-61, 1997

---

Nowadays, ponds in urban parks as habitats of plants and animals are strongly required in order to maintain biodivesity. The authors investigated on present and past situation of aquatic plants and structure of ponds in urban parks by questionnaires which sent to management staffs of urban parks. 160 sample data from all parts of Japan. were analyzed for clarifying relationships between aquatic plants and some factors of ponds' structures.<BR>Consequently, following relationships became cleared.<BR>(1) Approximately 30% of ponds are made with waterproof sheets and area of them are limited below mostly 10, 000<SUP>2</SUP> The main reason that ponds' area are limited is difficulty of water supply.<BR>(2) Most of the substratum of natural or semi-natural ponds are mud or silt in contrast that gravel used in man made (artificial) ponds.<BR>(3) More than 50% of ponds have only hygrophyte and emerged plants. On the other hands floating plants and benthophyte disappeared in many ponds though they were existed in past. It is considered that floating plants and benthophyte are sensitive for environmental impacts such as eutrophication.<BR>(4) Four structural factors; area of ponds, waterproof, structure of ponds' shore, and origin of ponds are related each other. Also certain relationship between hygrophyte or emerged plants and area of ponds or structure of ponds' shore are recognized. However, these kinds of relationships are not exist between hygrophyte or emerged plantsand waterproof or origin of ponds.