著者

高野 徹

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.67-76, 2019-04-25 (Released:2019-04-26)

参考文献数

18

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Over 200 cases of juvenile thyroid cancer have been found in Fukushima since 2011. This phenomenon is now regarded to be caused by overdiagnosis of self-limiting thyroid cancer which exists at high prevalence in the young. The overdiagnosis was caused by the thyroid screening with ultrasonography (US), which also caused overdiagnosis in Korea. For many reasons, the thyroid screening program in Fukushima is still ongoing without any changes. The majority of residents in Fukushima still request to continue the program since they are not informed about the harms of this program. Since the US examination is performed as one of the school program, the rate of participation by schoolchildren is over 90%, which has resulted in expansion of the disaster. The Fukushima thyroid cancer disaster provides us a valuable opportunity to reconsider about medical ethics.

著者

西澤 真理子

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS, JAPAN

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.2_21-2_32, 2009 (Released:2012-03-09)

参考文献数

44

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Media reporting often influences how people perceive risks.Using a content analysis as a method, this paper attempts to investigate acorrelation between newspaper reporting about BSE (bovine spongiformencephalopathy) and risk perception of Japanese consumers about the safety of beef.

著者

楠見 孝

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.29-36, 2013 (Released:2013-07-04)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2

---

This paper discusses a general framework for examining the structure and the function of scientific literacy, which is an important element of risk literacy. There are five layers of literacy: (1) basic literacy for communication in documents; (2) functional literacy in everyday life and the workplace; (3) scientific and mathematical literacy, and media and Internet literacy for students and citizens; (4) civil literacy for citizenship; and (5) academic and research literacies for professionals and researchers. This paper focuses on the concept of scientific literacy as informed by Baltes’s five criteria of wisdom (Baltes & Smith, 2008): factual knowledge, procedural knowledge, contextualization, value-goal relativism, and recognition and management of uncertainty. In addition, scientific, media, and mathematical literacies are basic elements of risk literacy, as civil literacy is for citizenship. Risk-literate citizens can understand risk information and manage their risk. Four methods for improving the scientific and risk literacies of the public are discussed: science education, science communication by mass media, and practices of local and Internet communities.

著者

五十嵐 泰正

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.129-135, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-10-24)

参考文献数

16

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For examining the remaining reduction of demand and price slump in some farm and marine products of Fukushima prefecture after 7 years of the nuclear disaster, it is necessary to articulate the interrelated three aspects of (risk) judgements made by the market, society, and individuals. After clarifying the aspect of the market where the efficacy of scientific risk judgement is limited, this study will discuss the relationship between social and individual risk tradeoff concerning food from Fukushima, and point out the importance of socially respect for self-determination in reference to the Norwegian case.

著者

岸本 充生

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.237-242, 2020-05-25 (Released:2020-05-26)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

---

In this paper, I considered the novel coronavirus pandemic as general as possible from the aspects of emerging risks and the relationship between science and policy. For the former, it was proposed to institutionalize mechanisms such as national risk assessments carried out in other countries, and for the latter, to visualize the process from scientific facts to the determination of risk management measures. In addition, responding to the novel coronavirus requires the involvement of experts not only from a medical point of view, but also from a behavioral point of view.

著者

三島 和子

出版者

The Society for Risk Analysis, Japan

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.59-68, 2010 (Released:2011-11-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3

---

According to our study of “Public Risk Cognition of Pandemic Flu and Risk Communication” conducted in November 2008, we found that it's extremely important to understand how people recognize Pandemic Flu(H5N1 type) and which way of risk communication is required. As novel H1N1 flu(Swine flu) virus caused outbreaks in April 2009, it was proven that Japanese government's risk and crisis management response and risk communication strategy didn't work well. Fortunately H1N1 flu virus was as severe as seasonal influenza. However, learning from this time's H1N1 pandemic, we've found it urgent to consolidate Japanese government's risk communication strategy for the event of a second wave of H1N1 and prospective outbreaks of highly-virulent H5N1. Our study should give much valuable suggestions to planning of the strategy.

著者

永井 孝志

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.145-152, 2013 (Released:2014-05-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

4

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This article introduces a concept of “solution-focused risk assessment (SFRA)” to propose a specific vision of collaboration between risk assessors and risk managers. SFRA can evaluate the risk reduction outcome and cost-effectiveness of possible risk management options (solutions). The opening question should not be “How bad is the problem?” but “How good are the solutions we might apply?”, because we can think about solutions before we fully understand the problem (risk). The needs of SFRA were discussed by taking risk management deficits regarding radioactive substances in food as an example. Then, the pros and cons of SFRA were discussed. The notable benefit of SFRA is giving stakeholders opportunities to understand the possible solutions. After that, the history of functional separation of risk assessment and management was reviewed. Finally, some specific examples of application of solution-focused risk assessment were given from dichloromethane as paint remover, acrylamide in food, mercury in fish, and ecological risk by pesticide use.

著者

岸本 充生

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.155-156, 2015-12-25 (Released:2015-12-28)

著者

Michiaki KAI

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.169-173, 2014 (Released:2015-02-03)

参考文献数

19

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This paper will make an overview on current radiation risk assessment and management, and also discuss current issues after reflection of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station in 2011. Historically, the risk-based approach was introduced based on the assumption that radiation risk follows a linear-non-threshold model for cancer and hereditary effects. Since then, radiological protection has developed the principles and the fundamental framework for the risk management. Currently, radiological protection has evolved from a “classical” top-down approach. The talk and collaboration between radiological protection community and risk analysis community like SRA will be needed to build more acceptable and feasible management and regulation for radiation and chemicals.

著者

甲斐 倫明

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.83-89, 2015 (Released:2015-09-28)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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This paper will review current radiological protection (RP). Risk concept has been proposed in the light of precautionary principle since 1950's, although RP philosophy has been historically built partly based on scientific evidence. RP uses the risk estimate of cancer obtained by epidemiological studies. Linear-Non-Threshold (LNT) models assume there is some probability no matter how low dose is received, since convinced evidence has not been established on radiation risk at low-dose and low-dose rate. How to apply the risk concept is a key issue in radiological protection. RP introduces three fundamental principles such as justification, optimization and dose limitation. Furthermore, RP uses a situation-based approach where planned, emergency and existing exposure situations are defined. In an existing exposure situation after the Fukushima accident, reference levels can be applied to drive risk reduction using protective actions such as evacuation and foodstuff restriction. The risk concept can explain why the dose limits used in a planned exposure situation should not be applied in terms of risk-tradeoff.

著者

高野 徹

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.67-76, 2019

---

<p>Over 200 cases of juvenile thyroid cancer have been found in Fukushima since 2011. This phenomenon is now regarded to be caused by overdiagnosis of self-limiting thyroid cancer which exists at high prevalence in the young. The overdiagnosis was caused by the thyroid screening with ultrasonography (US), which also caused overdiagnosis in Korea. For many reasons, the thyroid screening program in Fukushima is still ongoing without any changes. The majority of residents in Fukushima still request to continue the program since they are not informed about the harms of this program. Since the US examination is performed as one of the school program, the rate of participation by schoolchildren is over 90%, which has resulted in expansion of the disaster. The Fukushima thyroid cancer disaster provides us a valuable opportunity to reconsider about medical ethics.</p>

著者

阿部 修治 長沢 順一

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.231-240, 2013 (Released:2014-05-30)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1

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An overview is presented on the comparison between asbestos and nanofiber from the viewpoint of risk perception. After reviewing various fundamental concepts related to fibers, it is pointed out that asbestos and nanofiber have significant differences in size and structure, although both fall into the category of respirable fiber. The results of hazard evaluation for asbestos and related fibers show significant variability among materials, thus making a simple extrapolation of previous knowledge to nanofiber impossible. Therefore, the risk analysis of various nanofibers, such as carbon nanotubes, needs to be carried out for individual classes with specific size, shape, and other structural characteristics. Towards this end, an increasing number of toxicological studies are indeed under way, especially for carbon nanotubes.

著者

中西 準子

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.1-2, 2015 (Released:2015-06-25)

参考文献数

1

著者

島田 洋子 伊藤 慶彦 米田 稔 森澤 眞輔

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.25-32, 2012 (Released:2012-07-26)

参考文献数

37

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Before the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, radionuclide like 137Cs released from atmospheric nuclear detonation tests and the Chernobyl accident has been transported worldwide in the environment and finally taken up by humans through various pathways. In this research, dietary intake of 137Cs and the health risks caused by prolonged radioactive global environment contamination were evaluated age-dependently for the reference Japanese since 1945 until 2010 by using the mathematical model for the evaluation of global distribution of 137Cs with food ingestion and domestic and international food supply model. The model estimates were compared with the monitoring data of 137Cs in Japanese total diet and 137Cs concentration in food as an attempt at validation. The results of this evaluation would be useful for understanding the background situations without the Fukushima accident and give important information for the radiological health risk assessment of the accident.

著者

甲斐 倫明

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.143-144, 2010 (Released:2010-11-19)

著者

内山 巌雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.175-182, 2011 (Released:2012-03-27)

参考文献数

18

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For complete revival of the East Japan great earthquake, withdrawal of waste and sludge, disassemble of collapse buildings, etc. are performed over a long period of time. In these cases, many particulate matters included asbestos are generated, and will induce lung cancer or mesothelioma in tens of years. Since the health risk following exposure to the present environmental concentration of asbestos is about 10-5, we should control the scattering of asbestos into environment and prevent the inhalation by wearing an anti-dust mask (national assay disposable mask DS2, N95) .

著者

清水 右郷

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.111-121, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-10-24)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

---

Philosophers of science have distinguished epistemic values from other values. The former are relevant to scientific evaluation, while the later are legitimate bases to address ethical, social, and political issues. Given such a classification, experts should normally respect both scientific rationality and ethical soundness. How about situations where these values are conflicting? If the priority of epistemic values could be a cause of ethical issues, what is right action? This is the central theme of the controversy over randomized controlled trial and clinical equipoise. From the existing literature on the controversy, I found out two types of strategies to resolve the dilemma. After looking into how epistemic values and ethical values relate in each strategy, I will make a few general suggestions about norms for scientific research.

著者

関澤 純 甲斐 倫明

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.23-27, 2017-11-25 (Released:2017-11-28)

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A panel discussion with media was conducted in the 29th annual meeting of SRA Japan. The panel discussed how to collaborate between media and experts on risk issues. The background of the panel discussion is as follows: Modern society is confronted with diverse risks. The role of media is to report news timely and clearly. Psychological and ethical aspects are closely related with risk although the risk is quantitative for uncertain information. The uncertain aspects with diverse views on risk issues have blocked the difficulties of media reports to help people act properly to face the risk. In order to solve the problems, we should continue to think how to collaborate between media and experts.

著者

小杉 素子 土屋 智子 谷口 武俊

出版者

The Society for Risk Analysis, Japan

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.115-123, 2011 (Released:2012-01-22)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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It is important to infer and respect others' values and attitudes for fruitful communication. This paper examines how experts and lay people infer others' risk perception. According to the 2009 questionnaire survey for academic professionals and the general public, professionals estimate that there is a larger difference in risk perception of the technology that they study between themselves and lay people than the general public does. The professionals who hold this feeling perceive the risk of technology as being lower and estimate lay people' s risk perception to be higher. They also focus on positive more than negative aspects of the technology, evaluate its benefits, and tend to presume that negative media coverage greatly affects public perception.

著者

森澤 眞輔

出版者

The Society for Risk Analysis, Japan

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.115-123, 2010 (Released:2010-11-19)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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The health risk due to the exposure to hazardous chemicals in the environment has been traditionally evaluated mainly based on the dose-response relationship determined for human, including the relationship of test animals with appropriate safety factor. However our daily life faces to so many varieties of hazardous chemicals that have not enough toxicity information for health risk evaluation. Here, a new challenge for health risk evaluation framework is proposed to reinforce the traditional framework with the sequential three models: (1) the PBPK model to convert the external exposure dose of chemicals into the internal dose in the target organ/tissue, (2) the dose-response relationship determined at cellular level of the target organ/tissue, and (3) the adverse effect-developing model to convert the change in cellular level into the somatic health risk, e. g., a mathematical cancer model. The expected contribution and utilities of the new framework are also discussed together with the modified framework to use the radiation equivalent dose of chemicals. The new framework, combined with the traditional, is highly expected as an effective and comprehensive health risk evaluation framework especially for new hazardous chemicals in our living environment.