著者
甲斐 倫明
出版者
Japan Health Physics Society
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.1, pp.3-10, 1983 (Released:2010-02-25)
参考文献数
36
被引用文献数
1 4 3

The purpose of the present study was to estimate a biological half-life of iodine in normal Japanese thyroid for the calculation of the thyroid dose from iodine-129 with a long physical half-life. The Japanese takes stable iodine through sea food in a more considerable amount than the Caucasian who is assumed to be the Reference Man recommended by ICRP. It can be shown by medical research in thyroidology that the iodine metabolism between the Japanese and the Caucasian is different owing to the amount of the ingested stable iodine. Furthermore, in the Japanese the thyroid releases inorganic iodine since it takes up iodine more than physiologically required to produce thyroid hormone.We calculated the biological half-life of iodine for both the Japanese and the Caucasian by using a five compartment model. The following results were delivered. The biological half-life in the Japanese was approximately 40 days, which was in agreement with the values reported before. On the other hand, that of the Caucasian was 130 days nearly equal to the Reference Man.
著者
小池 弘美 甲斐 倫明 飯本 武志
出版者
一般社団法人日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.3, pp.140-145, 2022-12-29 (Released:2023-02-09)
参考文献数
16

Relatively high levels of radioactivity were detected from the handball goal post that had been placed in the schoolyard of an elementary school in Nobeoka City, Miyazaki Prefecture, since around 1997. In November 2021, the goal post was to be removed, and it was transferred to a scrapping company through a waste disposer commissioned by Nobeoka City. Radiation monitoring at the time of transport detected the surface dose rates of 20–30 μSv/h at maximum from the pipe scale of the goal post. The goal post was found to have been apparently handmade by reusing scrap metal pipes. The components and radioactivity adhering to the interior of the pipe are measured and analyzed. Mineralogical analysis shows that the naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) contained mainly gypsum, gorgeyite, and baryte. The total radioactivity was evaluated to be 54.5 MBq to be equivalent to 226Ra by a preliminary estimation. The specific activity of the collected sample was 0.6 MBq/kg in the same nuclide. This case may be one of the typical examples of NORM in Japan, and four points in terms of radiation protection are discussed, clarification of the scientific and technical mechanisms of NORM generation, formulation of systematic and specific guidelines on the estimation of NORM according to the purpose of the evaluation, formulation of a comprehensive radiation protection strategy for NORM in Japan, and clarification of policies and procedures on sharing and disseminating relevant information to the public.
著者
JAEA大洗プルトニウム 汚染事故ワーキンググループ 岩井 敏 佐々木 道也 桧垣 正吾 山西 弘城 甲斐 倫明
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.4, pp.271-281, 2018 (Released:2019-03-03)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
1

On June 6, 2017, in the hood of the analyzing room at Plutonium Fuel Facility of Oarai Research and Development Center in Japan Atomic Energy Agency, five workers were checking the storage container of fast reactor nuclear fuel material. Around 11:15 a.m., vinyl bags in the container of the fuel material including plutonium and enriched uranium burst during the inspection work. All the workers heard the bang; which caused misty dust leakage from the container. This event caused significant skin α-contamination for four workers and nasal cavity α-contamination for three workers. Decontamination was conducted for workers in the shower room. Then, the five workers were transferred to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratory to evaluate inhalation intake of plutonium etc. in lungs. The maximum values of 2.2 × 104 Bq for 239Pu and 2.2 × 102 Bq for 241Am were estimated by the lung monitor. From these results, injection of chelate agent was conducted for prompt excretion of plutonium etc. Next morning, the five workers were transferred to the National Institute of Radiological Sciences for treatments including decontamination of their skin and measurement by lung monitor. Then no obvious energy peak was confirmed for plutonium. The Japan Health Physics Society launched the ad-hoc working group for plutonium intake accident around the middle of June to survey issues and to extract lessons on radiological protection. We will report the activity of the working group.
著者
甲斐 倫明
出版者
一般社団法人日本リスク学会
雑誌
日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.2, pp.83-89, 2015 (Released:2015-09-28)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
1

This paper will review current radiological protection (RP). Risk concept has been proposed in the light of precautionary principle since 1950's, although RP philosophy has been historically built partly based on scientific evidence. RP uses the risk estimate of cancer obtained by epidemiological studies. Linear-Non-Threshold (LNT) models assume there is some probability no matter how low dose is received, since convinced evidence has not been established on radiation risk at low-dose and low-dose rate. How to apply the risk concept is a key issue in radiological protection. RP introduces three fundamental principles such as justification, optimization and dose limitation. Furthermore, RP uses a situation-based approach where planned, emergency and existing exposure situations are defined. In an existing exposure situation after the Fukushima accident, reference levels can be applied to drive risk reduction using protective actions such as evacuation and foodstuff restriction. The risk concept can explain why the dose limits used in a planned exposure situation should not be applied in terms of risk-tradeoff.
著者
関澤 純 甲斐 倫明
出版者
一般社団法人日本リスク学会
雑誌
日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.1, pp.23-27, 2017-11-25 (Released:2017-11-28)

A panel discussion with media was conducted in the 29th annual meeting of SRA Japan. The panel discussed how to collaborate between media and experts on risk issues. The background of the panel discussion is as follows: Modern society is confronted with diverse risks. The role of media is to report news timely and clearly. Psychological and ethical aspects are closely related with risk although the risk is quantitative for uncertain information. The uncertain aspects with diverse views on risk issues have blocked the difficulties of media reports to help people act properly to face the risk. In order to solve the problems, we should continue to think how to collaborate between media and experts.
著者
佐々木 康人 小田 啓二 甲斐 倫明 酒井 一夫 桐生 康生 宮崎 振一郎 米原 英典
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 : hoken buturi (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.3, pp.191-210, 2008-09

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) published the 2007 Recommendation of ICRP as the publication 103 of Annals of ICRP at the end of the year 2007. Owing to the transparency of revision process for the 1990 recommendation (Publ. 60) the understanding of as well as the interest in the new recommendation prevailed widely in the past 9 years. The Japan Health Physics Society (JHPS) made contribution to the revision by providing valuable comments on the drafts. Now members of the society are expected to express their insights on the future regulatory aspects of radiological protection and safety based on deep understanding of the new recommendations. In this issue of the Japanese Journal of Health Physics authors who participated in the Symposium of JHPS describe various aspects of new recommendations and its applications to future regulations in Japan. The authors wish that this article will help members of JHPS for better perception of the new recommendation and deep insight on the new principles of radiological protection and their application to regulations.
著者
谷 修祐 小嶋 光明 小野 孝二 伴 信彦 甲斐 倫明
出版者
一般社団法人 日本放射線影響学会
雑誌
日本放射線影響学会大会講演要旨集 日本放射線影響学会第54回大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.249, 2011 (Released:2011-12-20)

放射線によって引き起こされるC3H/HeNマウスの急性骨髄性白血病(Acute Myeloid Leukemia: AML)は、低線量でのヒトの白血病リスクを考える上で重要な実験モデルである。AMLを起こしたマウスの造血幹細胞では2番染色体の欠損およびその染色体に存在するSfpi1遺伝子の突然変異が確認されており、これらは骨髄の分化に重要な役割を持つPU.1の転写を抑制してAMLの発症に至ることが考えられている。しかし、AMLにおけるSfpi1遺伝子の突然変異について、ほとんどは点突然変異に起因し、その主な変異であるC:GからT:Aへのトランジションは自然突然変異によって生じるため、放射線によって発症する白血病のリスクを考えるためには2番染色体の欠損以外に放射線が自然突然変異率への影響を考慮する必要がある。自然突然変異は細胞が分裂する際に低確率で生じるものであるため、造血幹細胞を頂点とした各造血細胞の動態、および放射線の影響によってその動態がどのように変化するかを考慮することが重要である。本研究ではC3H/HeNマウスを用いた放射線照射実験より得られた造血幹細胞そして前駆細胞の分化、分裂のパラメータを元に、造血組織の各種動態を数理モデルで表し、各細胞数の時間的変化、およびその分裂回数をシミュレーションによる計算で求めた。また、Sfpi1遺伝子の自然突然変異確率に着目し、シミュレーションで得られた結果をもとに放射線によるマウスAML発症リスクを計算し、実験データと比較したので報告する。
著者
甲斐 倫明 遠藤 章 高橋 史明 佐藤 薫 伴 信彦
出版者
大分県立看護科学大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2011

CT診断からの臓器線量計算を行うWebシステムWAZA-ARIにおいて、年齢と体型の個人差を考慮できるシステムに拡張したWAZA-ARI 2を開発した。未成年はフロリダ大学で開発した年齢別ファントムを用いた。成人体型の違いを計算するために、日本人の標準体型からBMIで2倍の標準偏差だけ外れるやせ型、2倍と5倍の標準偏差だけ外れる肥満型のファントムを皮下軟組織のみを変形することでファントムを構築した。また、実際の臨床で得られたCT画像をもとにボクセルファントムを構築し、臓器線量の個人差を実際の体型ごとに計算し、体型と臓器線量の関係を導いた。有効直径が体格の指数として利用できることがわかった。
著者
甲斐 倫明
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.3, pp.133-144, 2021-10-12 (Released:2022-01-06)
参考文献数
29

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has published a report of ICRP Publication 147. This publication has consolidated and expanded the concept of effective dose developed by ICRP. Effective dose has been used as a valuable tool for use in the optimization of protection and retrospective demonstration of compliance for regulatory purpose. The use of equivalent dose should be discontinued to avoid confusion of the same unit of Sievert between effective dose and equivalent dose and to set the limits on organ/tissue doses to prevent tissue reactions. The ICRP has considered effective dose an approximate indicator of possible risk of stochastic effects at low doses below 100 mSv. The estimate of effective dose can be used for comparing medical exposures among different diagnostic modalities including computed tomography and nuclear medicine. However, it is emphasized that use of effective dose is not substitute for the risk of a specific individual/organ since there is an uncertainty of the risk estimate due to low doses and simplified concept using tissue weighting factors that are averaged across all ages and both genders for hypothetical populations. The present article provides a brief summary and commentary of the key issues on the report. The concept of detriment behind calculation of tissue weighting factors in effective dose is reviewed.
著者
甲斐 倫明 河野 孝央
出版者
プラズマ・核融合学会
雑誌
プラズマ・核融合学会誌 (ISSN:09187928)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.89, no.9, pp.622-628, 2013-09

放射線施設の放射線安全管理は基本的に法令に従って行われる.そのなかには,放射線計測を伴う規定もある.本講座では,そうした法令の根底にある放射線防護の考え方についてICRP勧告の経緯を参照しながら概説する.また国内法は,ICRPの新勧告を取り入れながら変遷してきた歴史をもつが,そうした法令の中から放射線障害防止法を紹介する.
著者
甲斐 倫明
出版者
公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団
雑誌
学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.3, pp.3_44-3_49, 2016-03-01 (Released:2016-07-01)
参考文献数
5
著者
日本保健物理学会医療放射線リスク専門研究会 甲斐 倫明 伴 信彦 太田 勝正 小野 孝二 酒井 一夫 長谷川 隆幸 福士 政広 吉永 信治
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 : hoken buturi (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.1, pp.42-51, 2011-03-01
参考文献数
20

Radiation use in medicine generally gives us the benefit that outweighs the risk. However, some patients are much concerned about the risk while some medical people are unaware of radiation risk. The aim of this report is to review the low dose risk not only in the reports of ICRP, UNSCEAR, BEIR and French academy but also in the scientific papers that have been paid attention to. On these bases, we discuss the low dose risk and how we face the risk in medicine in order to go for medical use of radiation to the right way. In particular, we hope this report will support medical people as well as radiation protection experts should understand the radiation risk in medicine on current scientific basis.
著者
小野 治子 甲斐 倫明
出版者
日本乳癌検診学会
雑誌
日本乳癌検診学会誌 (ISSN:09180729)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.3, pp.289-297, 2004-09-30 (Released:2011-08-17)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
1

【目的】乳癌腫瘍の成長数理モデルを用いてマンモグラフィによる乳癌検診のシミュレーションを行い, 検診開始年齢および検診間隔の違いによる乳癌罹患者の平均余命延長効果への影響を調べ, 相対リスクについて計算し比較検討した。【方法】シミュレーションにはHart (1998) らの乳癌腫瘍成長モデル, Fournier (1980) らが測定したダブリングタイム (腫瘍倍増時間) の値を使用し, 乳癌腫瘍成長モデルにおける個人差や年齢の違いを考慮した。ある年齢集団における潜在的乳癌罹患者の腫瘍サイズ分布は乳癌腫瘍成長モデルから理論的に導かれる確率分布モデルを用いて, 検診対象者の腫瘍サイズをサンプリングし, 検診対象者を受診率, 正診率, 生存率に応じて確率的に分類し, 生存すれば平均余命, 生存しなければ乳癌腫瘍成長モデルに従い増大し, 腫瘍がある大きさになるまでの年数を計算した。【結果・考察】平均余命延長効果は, 検診開始年齢40歳および検診間隔1年が最も大きかったが, その効果は受診率に最も影響を受け, 正診率には影響を受けにくいことが明らかとなった。検診間隔が2年に比べ1年がより効果があるためには受診率が80%以上と高くなる必要があることを示した。相対リスクの計算結果は, 正診率・受診率が80%の高率の場合で0.56となり, 欧米での無作為割り付け対照試験 (0.69-0.87) と同様に, 50歳以上を対象とする場合の死亡率減少効果が高かった。