著者

栗栖 和孝

出版者

The Phonetic Society of Japan

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.3, pp.93-103, 2002-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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Flemming(1995)は,拡散理論(Dispersion Theory)を最適性理論の枠組みで具現化し,相反する有標性制約が,音韻論において重要な役割を果たすことを論じている。この理論では,各制約が対立する音声的,機能的根拠によって動機付けられ,その階層化が音韻現象を説明する。言語の音素目録を説明する有力な理論は存在しなかったが,拡散理論がこの点で有効であることを,デンマーク語の分析を通して例証する。更に,拡散理論が音韻理論に重要な示唆を与えることを論じる。特に,有標性制約が相互に対立するという概念が,最適性理論を含めた他の音韻理論で仮定されている単一的な有標性制約の概念では捉えられない現象の説明に大きな貢献をすることを示し,拡散理論の中核を成す対立的有標性制約が,音韻理論に吸収される必要があることを論じる。

著者

ブルーメ小島 タカ

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, 2000

著者

木部 暢子 橋本 優美

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.3, pp.92-100, 2003-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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This paper is concerned with the tone of loanwords in Kagoshima dialect. Kagoshima dialect has a two-pattern tone system. Type-A is a falling type tone, and Type-B is a rising type tone. Most of loanwords are pronounced Type-A in Kagoshima, but for the young people, the number of Type-B loanwords has been increasing. This suggests that the young people in Kagoshima are affected by the Tokyo accent which contains many level tone loanwords.

著者

山根 典子

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.29-40, 1999-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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This article gives an insight into the interface between diachronic grammar and phonology, focusing on the sC clusters in syllable coda position. They may be uniformly assumed to consist of a complex segment, but the historical study of LME and ModE here shows that they behave differently with respect to phonological processes, depending on the place of articulation of the stop consonants. Based on observations of the clusters' relation to MEOSL and GVS, I thus claim that OT gives a principled account for their asymmetry and captures the predictability of diachronic change in a more explicit and natural way than earlier models.

著者

清水 あつ子

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.44-62, 2011-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

被引用文献数

1

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English is now regarded as the world's principal international language, and there are now more exchanges between non-native speakers of English than between non-native speakers and native speakers. As a result, the traditional idea of a native-speaker accent as a model or norm has come to be questioned. This paper first surveys the change in the attitude towards non-native English pronunciation in the seven versions of Gimson's Pronunciation of English (first published as An Introduction to English Pronunciation in 1962), the seventh of which was published in 2008, and then examines several models of English pronunciation with simplified phonological systems which have been devised for international communication. After comparing those models with the Lingua Franca Core proposed by Jenkins, which is a small set of pronunciation points found crucial to intelligibility in spoken interactions between non-native speakers of English with different first languages, the writer works out a tentative guideline for teaching Japanese learners of English to achieve minimal intelligibility in international communication, making as much use as possible of the sounds as we have in Japanese.

著者

吉田 健二

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.79-91, 2012-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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In Japanese accentology, it has been under dispute whether kakoo-shiki, or falling pitch register, should be recognized as a phonological category, independent of so-called kooki-shiki, or high-beginning pitch register. A production study was carried out on 7 dialect groups with 3 different shiki systems, where cross-dialectal comparisons are made on the properties of pitch (fundamental frequency) contour patterns of different shiki types. The results reveal that the kakoo-shiki can be characterized as having (i) steeper pitch fall toward the end of the word and (ii) later onset of the pitch fall, as compared with kooki-shiki. Both of these tendencies were confirmed with the second production study where the mora length of the experimental words was varied. This set of findings suggests that it is possible to define kako-shiki by examining the acoustic (pitch contour) properties of the relevant shiki types.

著者

大野 眞男

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.109-120, 2004-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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The central vowels in the Northern Ryukyu dialects are historically thought to have been formed by the following four processes: (I) centralization of the vowel [e], (II) centralization of the vowel [u] following the consonants [s・z・c], (III) the coalescence of diphthongs [ai・ae] and IV) the assimilation to the central vowel in an adjacent syllable. Among these, process II brought about the condition of the so-called "Hitotsugana-ben" throughout most of the Ryukyu dialects except the Northern Amami dialect. So the absense of process II can be considered one of the remarkable characteristics of the Northern Amami dialect. Again, the proto-condition for process I, prevalent in all dialects of the Amami regeon, and process II must have included such a contrast as ^*Ci/Ce/Cu (C=s,z,c). This contrast can be interpreted to have changed into the following situations present in current Northern Amami dialects: (1) Ci[i]/Ce[ï]/Cu [u] observed in Yoro, (2) Ci[i]/Ce = Cu[ï] observed in peripheral area of Ooshima, Ci=Ce[i]/Cu[u] observed in Kikai, Ci = Cu[ï]/Ce[i] observed in north part of Tokunoshima, and (3) Ci = Ce = Cu[ï〜i] observed in Naze and often refered to as "Hitotsugana-Ben". Historically (1) is considered to be the oldest situation. This was followed by (2), which was brought about by the merger of the various parts of (1). Lastly, stage (3) was brought about by the merger of the remaining independent part of (2).

著者

小澤 由嗣 今泉 敏

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.5-14, 2004-12-31 (Released:2017-08-31)

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Recent advances in neuro-cognitive and brain-imaging studies on speech communication are reviewed and their potential contributions to phonetic science are discussed. Topics are referred from brain imaging research on the role of emotional prosody for mind reading from speech, and on the neural processes of reading and sentence generation, as well as acquisition mechanisms of phonetic categories and neural plasticity.

著者

Alexei KOCHETOV

出版者

The Phonetic Society of Japan

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.63-76, 2014-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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本論文は日本語の有声・無声阻害音の声道調節の特徴を64電極の電気的口蓋図によって解析した結果を示す。5名の研究協力者に種々の母音間で有声または無声の閉鎖音や摩擦音を発音してもらい電気的口蓋図を観測し解析した。その結果,調音点や調音様式が共通でも有声・無声子音間には体系的でかつ閉鎖音と摩擦音で異なる傾向が観測された。閉鎖音の場合,舌・口蓋接触面積は有声音の方が無声音より小さかったものの,摩擦音では逆に有声音の方が接触面積は広く中央の声道溝が狭かった。このような結果は他の言語での知見と一致しており,有声・無声対立に関わる声道調節機序が閉鎖音と摩擦音では異なるためと考えられる。

著者

本多 清志

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.8-18, 1998-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

被引用文献数

1

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The x-ray microbeam system is a unique instrument to measure the movements of multiple flesh-points of speech articulators, and the recently updated system at the University of Wisconsin provides the most reliable means among available all methods. This review describes the summary of the system, the author's experience and recent studies by several researchers. Recent progress in particular is the development of the speech production database of English and Japanese speakers, which elucidates articulatory variability, speaker characteristics, and dynamic behavior of soft-tissue speech organs based on the comparison of a large number of subjects.

著者

林 安紀子

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.29-34, 2003-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper, several studies about infants' ability to discriminate languages between birth and 4-5 months were reviewed. In the rhythmic class acquisition hypothesis, infants' initial sensitivity to rhythmic classes would allow them to specify the common rhythmic properties of their native rhythmic class, and from this they would develop an associated metrical segmentation procedure. In addition,several studies about American infants' ability to extract word-like units from fluent speech were reviewed. Finally, several studies about Japanese infants' sensitivity to the typical rhythm pattern based on morae of Japanese baby words were reviewed.

著者

前川 喜久雄 田嶋 圭一 清水 克正 正木 信夫 加藤 宏明

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.3, pp.80-84, 1999-12-30 (Released:2018-03-31)

著者

田中 伸一

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.12-15, 2017-04-30 (Released:2017-09-12)

参考文献数

15

著者

邊 姫京

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.1-21, 2018-08-30 (Released:2018-11-15)

参考文献数

42

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the ability of Japanese native speakers to identify the Tokyo accent, which is standard Japanese. A total of 126 university students from four areas, where their accents have different systems, participated in a perception test eight times over the course of one month. The data collected were analyzed in terms of the number of tests, intonation types, accent patterns, number of morae, type of morae, and type of special morae. Error analysis was also conducted. The rate of correct answers got better with each test regardless of accent system and reached 87% in the last test for listeners of Tokyo-shiki (Tokyo type) accent, 83% for listeners of no accent, 80% for listeners of Keihan-shiki (Kyoto-Osaka type) accent, and 69% for listeners of Nikei-shiki (two patterns) accent. The findings will help develop tools to improve listening skills for the Tokyo accent.

著者

早田 輝洋

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.37-44, 1997-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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The Central Dialect of Heian Japanese exhibits three tonal melodies and one fall in pitch accent, if any. The fall mark accent should not be treated as part of a tonal melody. They are both specified in the underlying lexical items, but are mutually independent. It is argued that a downstep existed in this dialect from an autosegmental perspective. Some revisions are made in treating the tone of the imperfective participle ending ru and the ku-nominalization. The imperative yo and the vocative yo are shown to be tonally distinct and to be two different morphemes. The tone of the perfective ari and the copula nari, and the behavior of the third tonal melody are also dealt with.

著者

中田 ひとみ

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.62, 2009-08-30 (Released:2018-03-31)

著者

中路 信子

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.1-3, 2012-04-30 (Released:2018-03-31)

被引用文献数

1

著者

天野 修一

出版者

The Phonetic Society of Japan

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.14-27, 2012-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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英語の2音節名詞は第1音節に強勢を持つ語が大多数であり,2音節動詞は第2音節に強勢を持つ語が多い。このような傾向は語強勢の典型性と呼ばれる。先行研究ではゲーティング課題により,英語母語話者及び学習者が,典型的な強勢型の語を非典型的な強勢型の語よりも短い提示時間で認知することが示された。しかし,学習者の聴解力の影響など未検証の課題も残された。そこで本研究では,学習者の第一言語を日本語に統一し,聴解力上位群と下位群の比較を含めた再検証を行った。その結果,日本人英語学習者はやはり音声単語認知の際に語強勢を手掛かりとして利用しており,典型的な強勢型の語を非典型的な語よりも短い提示時間で認知することがわかった。また聴解力は典型性効果の度合いに影響を及ぼすことが明らかになった。

著者

平子 達也

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.16-29, 2012-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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This paper is a critical review of Elisabeth M. de Boer's The Historical Development of Japanese Tone (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010). Traditionally, Kindaichi Haruhiko's reconstruction of the accentual system of Middle Kyoto Japanese has been widely accepted. About thirty years ago, however, an alternative theory was proposed by Samuel Robert Ramsey, according to which the tone values that Kindaichi had reconstructed as 'high' and 'low' are exactly reversed. De Boer, in her book, re-evaluates and builds on Ramsey's theory, while (almost) all other scholars have ignored it. In this paper, I introduce and review her book critically, and discuss some issues in the historical study of Japanese accent.

著者

清水 誠治

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.30-38, 2006-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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This manuscript concentrates heavily on the fact that the accent in the Tanohama dialect of Seiyo City in Ehime Prefecture is determined by the moraic structure of the word. It also touches briefly upon phonetic factors such as the notion that sounds in the "ga" row of the Japanese syllabary are sometimes pronounced with a [ŋ] and that sounds in the "ka" and "ta" rows of the syllabary are sometimes produced with a sound that is close to the voiced [g] [d].