著者

中田 翔治 高嶋 隆太 長野 浩司 木村 浩 班目 春樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.252-270, 2010 (Released:2012-02-08)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 3

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Replacement of nuclear power plants has the possibility of affecting the management of electric power suppliers. Therefore, in the nuclear policy, a depreciation method as an equalization method, which means that part of the investment cost is accumulated as an allowance, and after the start of operation, the depreciation cost in the replacement project is equalized, has been introduced in Japan. In this paper, we evaluate the replacement of nuclear power plants by taking into account the uncertainty of operating costs and the depreciation cost in order to examine the effect of the depreciation method on the decision criteria of the replacement. We found that the equalization method is effective for inducing the acceleration of the replacement. Furthermore, we show the relationship between the uncertainty and the depreciation method. It turns out that as uncertainty increases, the difference in investment threshold between the equalization method and the existing depreciation method decreases, and that in option value increases.

著者

菅原 慎悦 城山 英明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.368-383, 2010 (Released:2012-02-08)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2 2

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In France, there exist organizations called “Commission Locale d'Information” (CLI) in all the siting areas where nuclear facilities located. Previously, the CLI organizations were established voluntarily by some local governments or nuclear utilities. Since 2006, however, the Nuclear Transparency and Safety Act has obliged the establishment of CLI in all the siting areas in conjunction with reforming the nuclear regulatory agencies. This means that the concerned local governments are officially part of nuclear safety regulation. In this study, we investigated present conditions of the CLI organizations through some interviews in France and consider their roles from the standpoint of nuclear regulatory governance. As a result, we found that the CLI plays the following roles: (1) medium of communication among concerned parties (not only between nuclear utilities and local habitants but also between the national nuclear regulatory agency and various local governments) and (2) implementing various activities in accordance with each local condition through the participation of local assembly members. In addition, we clarified that CLI's activities are supported by related institutional infrastructures, such as cost burden between central and local governments, and some other systems of citizen participation in building or expanding nuclear facilities.

著者

島田 隆 松井 嶺迪 西村 正史 石田 安弘 森 行秀 黒田 一彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.4, pp.310-322, 2011 (Released:2011-11-30)

参考文献数

6

---

This paper discusses the reprocessing plant concept suitable for the transition period from the Light Water Reactors (LWRs) to the Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs). This transition requires the reprocessing of spent fuels in order to supply an adequate volume of fissile plutonium (Pu-fissile) for the FBRs. The transition period would continue for more than 60 years, and the reprocessing plant should match with the change in the power generation plan during the transition period. The ability to supply Pu-fissile has been evaluated for two plant concepts. One is the independent-type concept, which contains two processes for reprocessing either LWR or FBR fuels. The other is the modularized-type concept, which contains only one process for reprocessing both the LWR and FBR fuels. The result showed the superiority of the modularized-type concept over the independent-type concept, because the former can enhance the ability to supply Pu-fissile with less reprocessing capacity. Therefore, the reprocessing plant suitable for the transition period is that based on the modularized-type concept.

著者

鳥飼 誠之 小澤 通裕 鐘ヶ江 直道 谷 雅明 班目 春樹 宮越 直樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.347-359, 2010 (Released:2012-02-08)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 2

---

On March 30, 2007, Japan's electric utilities reported the results of a complete review of their power-generating units to the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency of the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI). The Ethics Committee of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ) then recommended an assessment method to analyze the seriousness of the problems from multiple perspectives in order to support the public's understanding of the reported problems. Accordingly, the Ethics Committee conducted the assessment. The assessment considered each reported problem associated with nuclear power-generating units and the preventive measures completed between June 2007 and September 2008 (corrective measures continued beyond that period). The results were presented at the autumn conferences of AESJ in 2007 and 2008, and are discussed in this report.

著者

坂本 文徳 大貫 敏彦 香西 直文 山崎 信哉 吉田 善行 難波 謙二

出版者

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.4, pp.257-266, 2013

被引用文献数

5

---

The local area distribution and relocation of radioactive cesium deposited in trees after the 2011 tsunami-related accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) have been studied by measuring the spatial distribution of cesium on/in trees by autoradiography analysis. Samples of trees were collected from places located between 4 and 55 km from FDNPP approximately 2, 8, 20, and 22 months after the accident. The autoradiography analyses of <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i>, <i>Torreya nucifera</i>, and <i>Thujopsis dolabrata</i> var. <i>hondae</i> samples collected approximately 2 and 8 months after the accident showed that radioactive Cs was mainly distributed as spots on the branches and leaves of the trees emerged before the accident, and was detected in negligible amounts in new branch and leaves that emerged after the accident. On the contrary, radioactive Cs was detected at the outermost tip of the branches in the trees collected 20 months after the accident. <i>Morus alba</i> samples collected 22 months after the accident contained radioactive Cs inside and outside their stems, even though no radioactive Cs was detected in their roots, strongly suggesting that a certain amount of radioactive Cs was translocated from the outside to the inside of stems. These results indicate that the distribution of radioactive Cs deposited on/in the trees gradually changes with time (scale: year).<br>

著者

坂本 文徳 大貫 敏彦 香西 直文 山崎 信哉 吉田 善行 難波 謙二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.4, pp.257-266, 2013 (Released:2013-11-15)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

4 5

---

The local area distribution and relocation of radioactive cesium deposited in trees after the 2011 tsunami-related accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) have been studied by measuring the spatial distribution of cesium on/in trees by autoradiography analysis. Samples of trees were collected from places located between 4 and 55 km from FDNPP approximately 2, 8, 20, and 22 months after the accident. The autoradiography analyses of Cryptomeria japonica, Torreya nucifera, and Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae samples collected approximately 2 and 8 months after the accident showed that radioactive Cs was mainly distributed as spots on the branches and leaves of the trees emerged before the accident, and was detected in negligible amounts in new branch and leaves that emerged after the accident. On the contrary, radioactive Cs was detected at the outermost tip of the branches in the trees collected 20 months after the accident. Morus alba samples collected 22 months after the accident contained radioactive Cs inside and outside their stems, even though no radioactive Cs was detected in their roots, strongly suggesting that a certain amount of radioactive Cs was translocated from the outside to the inside of stems. These results indicate that the distribution of radioactive Cs deposited on/in the trees gradually changes with time (scale: year).

著者

木村 謙仁

出版者

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.138-148, 2013

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The French history of nuclear development clearly shows the inseparability of its civilian use from military use. In France, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) and Électricité de France (EDF) have played an important role in research and development of nuclear technology since the postwar period. At first, the two organizations had kept great autonomy, but the government reinforced its control on them because France needed nuclear deterrence against the Soviet Union. France began using plutonium in 1952, and the Suez crisis in 1956 showed the need for nuclear force to ensure its independence. After this event, France managed the first nuclear test using plutonium in 1960. As for enriched uranium, they have long had great difficulty in securing it. The uranium enrichment technology became crucial also in civilian use in this period. EDF proposed the pressurized water reactor (PWR), which requires enriched uranium, as the future reactor type because of its economic advantage, but CEA wanted to continue developing the gas-cooled reactor (GCR) because of its independence in nuclear fuel supply. Finally, they chose PWR because a French enrichment facility was built in 1967. From such French history, we can say that the civilian and military use of nuclear technology are inseparable.<br>

著者

徐 婷 若林 利男

出版者

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.20-29, 2012 (Released:2012-02-15)

参考文献数

8

---

The purpose of this study is to clarify public awareness of utilizing nuclear power in China and to determine the effects of the accident of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants. Web online surveys were carried out before and after the accident of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants. The online survey before the accident of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants had 4,255 adult respondents consisting of 1,851 males and 2,404 females. The online survey after the accident had 721 respondents consisting of 406 males and 315 females. The two online surveys about the attitude toward nuclear power plants consisted of 37 items, such as the necessity of nuclear power plants, the reliability of safety, and government confidence. As a result, respondents of the online surveys in China consider that nuclear energy is more important than the anxiety of accident. On the other hand, women have sensation of fear for the accident of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants and radiation.

著者

吉村 忍 小林 敬 秋葉 博 鈴木 智 荻野 正雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3, pp.203-221, 2012 (Released:2012-08-15)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3 7

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In this paper, we present the three-dimensional finite element seismic response analysis of the full-scale boiling water reactor BWR5 at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant subjected to the Niigata-ken Chuetsu-Oki (NCO) earthquake that occurred on 16th July 2007. During the earthquake, the automatic shutdown of the reactors was performed successfully. Although the monitored seismic acceleration significantly exceeded the design level, it was found through in-depth investigation that there was no significant damage of the reactor cores or other important systems, structures and components (SSCs). In the seismic design commonly used in Japan, a lumped mass model is employed to evaluate the seismic response of SSCs. Although the lumped mass model has worked well so far for a seismic proof design, more precise methods should be developed to understand response behaviors visually. In the present study, we propose the three-dimensional finite element seismic response analysis of the full-scale and precise BWR model in order to directly visualize the dynamic behaviors of this model. Through the comparison of the analysis results, we discuss the characteristics of both models. The stress values were also found to be generally under the design value.

著者

柳 千裕 村瀬 道雄 吉田 至孝 楠木 貴世志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3, pp.193-202, 2012 (Released:2012-08-15)

参考文献数

12

---

A prediction method for water temperature in a spent fuel pit of a PWR has been developed to calculate the increase in water temperature during the shutdown of cooling systems. In this study, the prediction method was extended to calculate the water level in a spent fuel pit during loss of all AC powers, and predicted results were compared with data of spent fuel pools in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The calculations gave reasonable results, but overestimated the decreasing rate of the water level and water temperature. This result indicated that decay heat was overestimated and evaporation heat transfer from the water surface was underestimated. Results of calculations with 80% decay heat and 155% (No. 4 pool) or 230% (No. 2 pool) evaporation heat flux were in good agreement with data. The data-fitted evaporation heat fluxes agreed rather well with the evaporation heat transfer correlation proposed by Fujii et al.

著者

加藤 尊秋 八田 昌久 西川 雅史 松本 史朗

出版者

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 = Transactions of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.4, pp.404-420, 2007-12-25

被引用文献数

3

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Although dwellers living near a nuclear power station are entitled to economic/financial benefits such as increased job opportunities and local tax revenues pertaining to the power station, it is not clear whether such benefits are appreciated by the dwellers. Two findings of this study based upon a social survey of local dwellers living near the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station are summarized as follows. First, an increase in the per capita sizes of the local tax revenue and national subsidies resulted in a larger share of respondents who thought that those revenues are beneficial. Therefore, local dwellers are aware of the sizes of economic/financial benefits. Second, given the same risk level of nuclear disaster, a larger per capita financial benefit resulted in a larger share of respondents who felt compensated for the nuclear risk. However, this increase in the number of compensated respondents is low relative to the increase in the amount of financial benefits.<br>

著者

篠田 佳彦 山野 直樹 鳥井 弘之

出版者

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 = Transactions of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.4, pp.350-369, 2008-12-01

被引用文献数

1

---

The social research group of the 21st century COE program "Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems for Sustainable Development of the World" has studied under the theme coevolution of nuclear technology and society. As part of this study, this group conducted a questionnaire survey of 2,500 adults (collection rate of 22.0%; 551 replies) who live in the Tokyo metropolitan area. The purpose of this survey asking opinion about the relationship between attitude toward nuclear technology utilization and social awareness is to determine their request, exception and concern about nuclear technology utilization. The survey reveals that the differences of attitudes towards nuclear technology utilization can be explained in terms of differences of general views on the society, such as the directionality of social progress. Thus, it is necessary to argue with citizens about the strategy on nuclear technology utilization from the viewpoint of the directionality of the future society. The social decision-making process on nuclear technology utilization has to be renovated through dialogue among citizens as the partner taking on the achievement and contribution toward the directionality of the future society.<br>

著者

三田地 紘史 山本 高久 吉岡 律夫 杉本 哲也

出版者

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 = Transactions of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.127-133, 2008-06-01

被引用文献数

1 7

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In this paper, the burn-up characteristics of a 200 MW_e molten-salt reactor are studied. This reactor has a three-region core in order to reduce the peak in fast neutron flux distribution. The reactor is operated for 30 years with the load factor of 0.75. The fuel is fed to the reactor every 33 days. The chemical processing of the fuel salt is performed every 7.5 years. Based on calculations using the nuclear analysis code SRAC2006 and the burn-up analysis code ORIGEN2, the following results have been obtained. (1) The graphite moderators can be used throughout the reactor lifetime without replacement. (2) The reactor is self-sustainable having an average fuel conversion ratio of 1.01. (3) The initial inventory of ²³³U is 1.13 t, net feed in 30 years is 0.34 t; thus, the necessary amount of ²³³U is 1.48 t. (4) Pu isotopes are produced at 1.5 kg and minor actinides at 27 kg per 1 GWe output in 30 years, which are absolutely small compared with those produced by BWR.<br>

著者

木名瀬 栄 木村 仁宣 高原 省五 本間 俊充

出版者

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.149-151, 2011 (Released:2011-07-29)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1

---

There has been some concern in reviewing the effectiveness of making decisions on the implementation of protective measures in emergency exposure situations. After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, temporal changes in the concentration of iodine 131 in tap water were studied using published data from several authorities in Fukushima, Ibaraki, and Tokyo. Averted doses to infants (1-year-old children) due to the intake of iodine 131 through tap water restrictions were also evaluated. Consequently, it was found that the apparent half-life of iodine 131 in tap water was 2.8 days. The averted equivalent doses to the thyroids of 1-year-old children were found to have a maximum value of 8.3 mSv in a local area of Fukushima. Hence, the tap water restrictions implemented by the authorities were considered to be effective in the early phase of the emergency exposure situation.