著者

中河 伸俊

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.89-113,147, 1982

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Of the 297 inmates studied, abut one fourth have engaged in prostitution. The aim of this paper is to illustrate and analyze the careers of these inmates. By a "career" we mean one of many components of a person's life history, such as school career, occupational career, and marriage career. Acts of prostitution are treated as a part of the process of a deviant career, "career of prostitution"<br> First the career of the inmates who have engaged in prostitution are compared with the careers of those who have not, in order to illustrate the characteristics of the careers of the former. Some of the findings from the comparison are as follows: The inmates who have engaged in prostitution tend to have less education, are more likely to have run away fromhome and to have repeated marriage (namely common-law marriage ) more often. Also, there are more "mentally retarded" among the inmates who have committed prostitution. It is likely that inferior job opportunities due to lower educational achievement, "mental retardation" and running away are some of the "causes" of prostitution.<br> In the latter part of the paper, we observe the sequential process of "career of prostitution" in detail. The initial act of prostitution was usually committed when the inmates lived apart from their "conventional significant others". Also, interestingly, a number of the inmates' "careers of prostitution" show intermittence. By employing the age at which the initial act was commited and two other features as criteria, a typology of the inmates' "career of prostitution" is developed. It contains four types --- "the early-quitter" "the intermittently down fallen" "the exploited" and "the destitute" We hope this typology, along with other findings in this paper, will facilitate further reseaches on prostitution and the careers of women who have committed prostitution.

著者

岩脇 千裕

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.125-132, 2009

著者

古川 直子

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.53-69,183, 2013-06-30 (Released:2015-05-13)

参考文献数

35

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The aim of this paper is to explore the psychoanalytic idea of the narrativeconstruction of the self. The concept of self as narrative suggests that the self is aproduct of narrative which individuals construct for themselves. This view takesits inspiration partly form the sociology of the self, whose focus is on how the selfdevelops through the process of social interaction. Narrative-self theory insiststhat one’s own self narrative is always entangled in the narratives of others. Anarrative is characterized through the temporal and causal organization of events.The self-narration can configure the diverse events of one’s life into a meaningfulwhole. Freud also formulated the narrative construction of self in his peculiarterminology, such as “neuron /quantity”, “primary /secondary process” and“lateral cathexis”. And he compared the creation of a self-narrative to the workof “translation”. While, in this respect, psychoanalysis bears significant affinityto narrative theory of the self, there is a significant difference between the two.According to Freud, the “failure of translation”, that is, the partial breakdown ofthe self-story, opens up a new psychic space, what is called the “unconscious” inpsychoanalysis. That is to say, memory traces that cannot be integrated into thecoherent self-narrative constitutes our unconscious, which in turn supports, thesocial self.

著者

藤田 智博

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.101-117, 2018-10

著者

湯野川 礼

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.39-54,176, 2009

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Increases in child abuse are widely known. In this paper, I look at sexual abuse andhow it develops and is sustained in society. In considering this matter, I have focusedon the narratives of women in a self-help group who were the victims of sexual abuse.I have also derived data from previous research regarding why abuse victims are heldpersonally responsible, and why this is portrayed as the composition of child abuseproblems. In this paper, my aim is to reveal how these aspects are connected with thenarratives of sexual abuse victims. Instances of child sexual abuse are generally thought to be limited in number whencompared with other types of child abuse. In a report prepared by a children's guidanceclinic in 2004, sexual abuse cases represented only 3-5% of the total. Yet reports in thefield of clinical psychiatry state that sexual abuse in childhood is the cause of 15% ofadult mental instabilities. From this data, we can assume that victims suffer from mentalinstabilities which can be recognized by both the victim and her doctor. We can alsoconclude that it is very difficult for children to seek help. Sexual abuse problems have been perceived as the problems of the assailants.But when we interpret sexual abuse as a social problem from the viewpoint ofsocial-constructivism, victims are concerned about the problems and can be seen as"actors." When we think about reasons for sexual abuse as a social problem, we have tothink about the meaning for these "actors" as well. When the victims detect the problemsand the situation and begin to talk with other people about their experience, theybecome active "actors." When I focused on the victims' narratives, some representativenarratives came to light which I defined as the dominant stories of the self-help group.Then I found that the victims of sexual abuse have a passive existence in the compositionof sexual abuse as a serious social problem. As a result, this paper concludes that nocure can be found for these victims.

著者

岡崎 宏樹 松浦 雄介

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.117-125, 2007

著者

豊島 慎一郎 仁平 典宏

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.97-104, 2012-10-31 (Released:2015-05-13)

著者

橋本 和幸

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.124-132, 1975-12-31 (Released:2017-06-14)

著者

上野 千鶴子 野口 隆

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.170-175, 1992-10-31 (Released:2017-02-15)

著者

山川 雄巳

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.114-120, 1967-11-30 (Released:2017-12-28)

著者

筒井 清輝

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.63-81,181, 1994

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The aim of this paper is to introduce a new framework for the study of nationalism and solve three major problems in this study:(1)Whether nationalism is based on primordial attachment or it is only a tool of mobilization for politico-economic interests, (2)Whether nationalism is a product of the modern industrial societies or its advent dates back to the early history of Man, (3)Whether nationalism has great cohesion in itself or it is essentially a dependent variable to be controlled.<br> First I re-define some of the central concepts in this study.1 use the term "ethnos" to refer to what is generally called "ethnic group" , the term "status" to state as a specific historical group, and the term "nation" to the complex form of ethnos and status.When these groups make political or social claims, they are called "ethnosism", " statusism" and "nationalism" respectively.<br> Then I apply this framework to the analysis of changes caused by modernization.Pre-modern societies had ethnos, nation and status, but they were not well organized and therefore could not make powerful movements.Modern society, however, made mass movements by the unit of ethnos, nation or status possible due to its new characteristics such as expansion of ethnos or increased power of status.These changes were caused mainly by spread of democracy in political sphere, pursuit of effectivness in economical sphere and rise in literacy and publish-capitalism in cultural sphere.<br> Due to these changes so-called nationalism emerged in modern society.But ethnosism and nationalism were not completely novel and, between pre-modern and modern form, similarity and continuity can be detectd.So it should be concluded that, while statusism emerged as a politico-economic tool for mobilization only in modern times and do not have great power, both ethnosism and nationalism, having continuity with what existed in the early stages, have primordial sentiments in its attenuated form, and theretore have the immense power of making people willing to die for them.

著者

狩谷 あゆみ

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.77-95, 1997-05-31 (Released:2016-11-02)

著者

加藤 亜希子

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.75-92, 2010-05-31 (Released:2015-05-13)

参考文献数

16

著者

井上 義和

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.85-101,149, 2001

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Until now, the history of young intellectuals in Modem Japan have been described focusing Literary-minded Youth (" Bungaku-seinen"). This paper proposes to reexamines that (folk-) theory, in finding out a "new" type of youth, Eloquent-minded ("Yuben-seinen"), and considering a reason for it being "forgotten", in the way of historical sociology mainly using recollections and other objective indexes.<br> (1) In Meiji 40's (about 1907-16), Elocution was very much in fashion centering around the speech clubs ("Benron-bu") at school of higher education. So, (2) Young intellectuals at that time could select their own types between Literary-minded and Eloquent-minded.<br> But, (3) Postwar-intellectuals (born during 1905-15)have reconstructed the history of their predecessors' as "from Literary-minded to Social-minded", in other words, failed to notice the Eloquent-minded type. On the other hand, (4) Youth in Meiji 40's (born during 1890's) have had no representative to narrate their experiences as the history of young intellectuals.<br> (5) There is a generation gap in the remembrance of elocution, between Postwar intellectuals and Youth in Meiji 40's. As a result, Eloquent-minded type has been out of position in the theory of the intellectuals in Modern Japan.

著者

伊地知 紀子

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.86-93, 2012

著者

鍵本 優

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.3-18,146, 2004

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Audience research has made various analyses of media effects and audience groups. It mainly discusses the meanings that audiences interpret about the content of TV or radio programs. In modern society, they can be called 'the diffused audience', because their imaginations interpreting the meanings make their social identities much different and changeable (Abercrombie and Longhurst, 1998).<br> But in the case of 'music audience', they receive the music texture as well as the content. Music fans are involved with not only melodies, words or fashions but also guitar sounds or vocal textures. Audience research has only discussed the former. So it cannot discuss how touching the surface of sounds affects the music audience.<br> What happens to audience when they touch sounds? The purpose of this paper is to answer this question. To accomplish this purpose, this paper borrows the concept of 'materiality' from aesthetics on music. Materiality makes the information in the media text no sense. The information of media text constructs audience identities. So, when they touch the texture and the information has no sense, their own identities will be trembling. That is the experience of the textural reception of sounds.<br> I think it is another identification. Normally, identification is described the process of identifying with others, either through lack of awareness of difference or separation (Woodward, 1997). But another mode of identification is marked out only by lack of awareness of difference or separation.<br> From the discussion, this paper suggests that music audience researchers should reconsider the concept of 'identification' and introduce the new concept of identification. It is 'the identification towards nothingness'. It means to make the difference between the person and the others less and less. So, two modes of identification look opposite; towards various identities and towards no identity.<br> Two identifications are the processes that identity is changing. Audience theory argues that social identity is changeable. So, both concepts of identification should be located in the problem of social identity.

著者

デブナール ミロシュ

出版者

SHAKAIGAKU KENKYUKAI

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.37-53,132, 2012

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In the age of globalization, the number of foreign nationals living in Japan is growing and their composition is diversifying rapidly. It has also been suggested that the diversification of migrants is a more complex phenomena than mere multi-nationalization, and concepts capable of understanding various aspects of foreign populations, such as super-diversity, have been proposed. The process of the diversification of foreigners has also been addressed in previous studies on Japan, although research subjects are usually limited to economically driven and systematic migrations. Applying the perspective of super-diversity allows us to also focus on different groups and to critically reconsider the assumptions on ethnic groups as the most obvious and unproblematic units of research and integration. In this paper, I focus on the case of Czechs and Slovaks in Japan. This case represents not only the growing diversification of foreigners in Japan, but in this case I also attempt to scrutinize the assumed natural inclination toward ethnic group formation. A small scale questionnaire and 13 in-depth interviews were conducted. Analyses of egocentric social networks based on interviews were used for the identification of social integration patterns and the role of ethnic peers or groups within the everyday life and survival strategies adopted by the subjects. The results show that the migration patterns of Czechs and Slovaks to Japan are more individualistic and less driven by economic factors then in the case of previously studied migrant groups in Japan. The subjects do not tend to naturally gravitate toward their ethnic peers and do not attach great importance to ethnicity as the primary criterion for social activities in their daily life, nor do they deny their ethnic identity. However, this particular integration pattern does not result only from their low numbers, but also the specific character of their migration and its effect on the transformation of the capital they possess.

著者

福間 良明

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.37-54, 2001

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This paper examines the process of the construction of the 'Peripheries' and Nationality through the text of Misao Tojyo and Motoki Tokieda.<br> Misao Tojyo was the scholar whose major was dialectology. Motoki Tokieda was the scholar of Japanese linguistics and the professor of Keijyo Imperial University in Korea before the end of the occupation of the peninsula by Japan. In their thought, it was not necessary that dialects and Korean language were definitely the Other of Japanese language. Such languages were something that made the definition or boundary of Japan/Japanese ambiguous and were going to break them. But, for that reason, Japan/Japanese was reconstructed as something that could govern the Peripheries such as dialects/the regional or Korean and the Peripheries had to be both included and excluded by Japan/Japanese.<br> On the other hand, 'the Occident (language) ' was represented as the Other - what was definitely different from Japan/Japanese - by Tojyo and Tokieda. Though Japan was threatened by the Occident in a political sense, the definition of Japan might be made more and more clear and natural in a cultural sense.<br> In the argument of Japanese linguistics before the end of the World War II (and also after it), especially in those of Misao Tojyo and Motoki Tokieda, Japan was recognized on the one hand as what was approved and made particular by the Occident that was recognized as something universal and general, and the other, it was recognized as what was universal and general by the Peripheries, so the nationalism of Japan could go across the boundary of it and be applied to the Peripheries.

著者

矢﨑 千華

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.75-92,138, 2013-10-31 (Released:2015-05-13)

参考文献数

27

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Based on discourse analysis of the text, this paper attempts to clarify the origin of the ‘personal advice column’, which has not hitherto been fully examined. The origin of the ‘personal advice column’ is admitted to lie in the column ‘Ienotomo’ of ‘Jogakuzasshi’ published in the middle of the Meiji era. Although the contents were not as diversified as they are today, issues related to personal matters began to be discussed. Through discourse analysis of the text, I have analyzed its development toward construction of the genre. Firstly, I focused on the development of the subject matter discussed in the text as it shifted from topics related to ‘knowledge’, such as one’s knowledge about historical facts and understanding of vocabulary, to matters related to the contributors’ ‘experience’, such as marriage and giving birth. Secondly, I focused on the relationships among the following three intermingled forms of discourse: ‘informative discourse’, ‘normative discourse’, and ‘narrative discourse’. The first provides a dictionary-like explanation of the issues of people’s interest. The second deals with everyday issues which people face, such as marriage and giving birth. However, those experiences are presented through collective narratives using ‘we’. Finally, the third deals with everyday issues through the first-person narrative using ‘I’, and the individualized issue is organized in chronological order of cause and effect in order to ensure the legitimacy of contributors’ narratives. Likewise, a similar pattern of discourse is observed in the answers by the editors to contributors. It is at this stage that we find the origin of the ‘personal advice column’. Through examination of the creation of the personal advice column, I argue that this approach is also suggestive in exploring thoughts on the construction of the modern subjectivity of ‘I’, as well as its normative implications.

著者

進藤 雄三

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.145-168, 1985-05-31 (Released:2017-02-15)