著者

高津 弘明 福岡 維新 藤江 真也 岩田 和彦 小林 哲則

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.B-I65_1-15, 2019-03-01 (Released:2019-03-01)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1

---

We have been developing a speech-based “news-delivery system”, which can transmit news contents via spoken dialogues. In such a system, a speech synthesis sub system that can flexibly adjust the prosodic features in utterances is highly vital: the system should be able to highlight spoken phrases containing noteworthy information in an article; it should also provide properly controlled pauses between utterances to facilitate user’s interactive reactions including questions. To achieve these goals, we have decided to incorporate the position of the utterance in the paragraph and the role of the utterance in the discourse structure into the bundle of features for speech synthesis. These features were found to be crucially important in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements for the spoken utterances by the thorough investigation into the news-telling speech data uttered by a voice actress. Specifically, these features dictate the importance of information carried by spoken phrases, and hence should be effectively utilized in synthesizing prosodically adequate utterances. Based on these investigations, we devised a deep neural network-based speech synthesis model that takes as input the role and position features. In addition, we designed a neural network model that can estimate an adequate pause length between utterances. Experimental results showed that by adding these features to the input, it becomes more proper speech for information delivery. Furthermore, we confirmed that by inserting pauses properly, it becomes easier for users to ask questions during system utterances.

著者

來村 徳信 笠井 俊信 吉川 真理子 高橋 賢 古崎 晃司 溝口 理一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.73-84, 2002 (Released:2002-04-04)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

4 4

---

In conceptual design, a designer decomposes a required function into sub-functions, so-called functional decomposition, using a kind of functional knowledge representing achievement relations among functions. Aimin at systematization of such functional knowledge, we proposed ontologies that guide conceptualization of artifacts from the functional point of view. This paper discusses its systematic description based on the functional ontologies. Firstly, we propose a new concept named “way of achievement” as a key concept for its systematization. Categorization of typical representations of the knowledge and organization as is-a hierarchies are also discussed. Such concept, categorization, and functional ontologies make the functional knowledge consistent and applicable to other domains. Next, the implementation of the functional ontologies and their utility on description of the knowledge are shown. Lastly, we discuss development of a knowledge-based system to help human designers redesign an existin artifact. The ontology of functional concepts and the systematic description of functional knowledge enable the supporting system to show designers a wide range of alternative ways and then to facilitate innovative redesign.

著者

石橋 賢 深瀧 創 宮田 一乘

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.229-236, 2015

被引用文献数

4

---

Recently, sizzle words have been utilized for various product packages. These words have effective communicative performance to convey deliciousness of food. In particular, onomatopoeias are used for many product packages because they can convey the texture of food sensuously. When using sizzle words, producers may consider consumers' impressions. This study aims to investigate the relations between consumers' impressions and sizzle words through an experiment. The experimental targets were four rice crackers of different hardness because their textures were directly related to consumers' impressions and some packages of rice crackers used a few sizzle words for advertising. The results of this experiment indicated five tendencies: (1) the sizzle words regarding satisfaction, tradition, and typicality, and the onomatopoeias including "<i>zaku</i>" are appropriate for an extremely hard rice cracker; (2) the sizzle words regarding lightness and comfort, and the onomatopoeias including "<i>saku</i>" are appropriate for a non-hard rice cracker; (3) the sizzle words regarding aridity, fineness, and unforgettable taste are appropriate for a slightly hard rice cracker; (4) the onomatopoeias expressing crunchy texture are appropriate for a quite hard rice cracker; (5) rough texture of food brings a sense of satiety. In addition, we performed a factor analysis using the results with 14 onomatopoeias in the experiment. The analysis results showed three factors: brittleness, irritation, and lightness. In future, we expect that these results can be utilized for guiding a choice of an appropriate sizzle word.

著者

松中 春樹 丹生 智也 番原 睦則 田村 直之

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.10-15, 2012 (Released:2012-01-13)

参考文献数

15

---

Propositional Satisfiability (SAT) is fundamental in solving many application problems in Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science. Remarkable improvements in the efficiency of SAT solvers have beenmade over the last decade. Such improvements encourage researchers to solve constraint satisfaction problems by encoding them into SAT (i.e. ``SAT encoding''). Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD) is one of the most typical block designs. BIBDs have been applied in several fields such as design experiments, coding theory, and cryptography. In this paper, we consider the problem of generating BIBDs by SAT encoding. We present a new SAT encoding that is an enhancement of order encoding with the idea of binary tree. It is designed to reduce the number of clauses required for cardinality constraints, compared with order encoding. In our experiments, our encoding was able to give a greater number of solutions than order encoding and state-of-the-art constraint solvers Mistral and choco.

著者

出口 幸子 白井 克彦

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.153-160, 2003 (Released:2003-04-08)

参考文献数

16

---

This paper describes the knowledge representation of the melody and rhythm in koto songs based on the structure of the domain: the scale, melisma (the melody in a syllable), and bar. We have encoded koto scores and extracted 2,3,4-note melodic patterns sequentially from the voice part of koto scores. The 2,3,4-note patterns used in the melisma are limited and the percentages of top patterns are high. The 3,4-note melodic patterns are examined at each scale degree. These patterns are more restricted than the patterns that are possible under the constraint of the scale. These typical patterns on the scale represent the knowledge of koto players. We have analyzed rhythms in two different ways. We have extracted rhythms depending on each melodic pattern, while we have extracted rhythms depending on each bar. The former are complicated and the latter are typical. This result indicates that koto players recognize melodic patterns and rhythmic patterns independently. Our analyses show the melodic patterns and rhythmic patterns that are acquired by koto players. These patterns will be applied to the description of variations of the melisma to build a score database. These patterns will also be applied to a composition and education. The melodic patterns can be extracted from other genres of Japanese traditional music, foreign old folk songs or chants by using this method.

著者

柳川 由紀子 越後 富夫 宮崎 祐太 武村 紀子 八木 康史

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.6, pp.C-I33_1-12, 2018-11-01 (Released:2018-11-01)

参考文献数

51

---

Tracking precisely of abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract is useful for preparing sample image sequences on educational training for medical diagnose on endoscopy. While the gastrointestinal wall deforms continuously in an unpredictable manner, however, abnormalities without distinctive features make it difficult to track over continuous frames. To address this problem, the proposed method employs Convolutional neural networks (CNN) for tracking lesion area. Conventionally, CNN for tracking requires a large amount of sample data for preliminary learning. The state-of-arts tracking methods using CNN are premised on preliminary learning on data similar to target images given a large number of correct answer labels. On the other hand, the proposed method are not required preliminary learning using similar data. The image components in the marked region at the starting frame is similar to components at the only same position, but different between them depending on the degree of overlapped area. Furthermore, in the successive frame, the components in the previous region is similar to them in the identified area. Therefore, similarity can be learned in the previous frame, called it as an intra-frame training. This paper describes the method for tracking an abnormal region by using CNN based on training overlap rates between the abnormal region and local scanning one with the same size on the starting intra-frame. Furthermore, network parameters are transformed from training the similar regions on the continuous frame additionally. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach using eight common types of gastrointestinal abnormality.

著者

郷古 学 金 天海

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.E-H31_1-8, 2017-09-01 (Released:2017-09-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

---

Keeping a living and working spaces tidy is very important for healthy daily life. The efficiency in working rises when the office is tidy. We developed a system that tidies up through the cooperation between a robot and a human. In this study, we investigated the influence of a robot’s behavior on the motivation of tidying up. For completing this system, it is necessary to investigate the effective behaviors that encourages a human. To validate what behavior effectively encourage human to tidy up, we conducted a preliminary experiment with 13 male and 5 female participants, aged 20-23. We found the statistically significant difference between the cases where the robot took actions or not.

著者

鳥海 不二夫 西岡 寛兼 梅岡 利光 石井 健一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.143-150, 2012 (Released:2012-03-27)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 2

---

The financial markets are fluctuating consistently. Therefore, it is difficult to analyze the financial market based on the same theory, without depending on the state of the market. So we use the concept ofmarket condition change. To estimate the points when the market change occurred in a real market is effective for market analysis. Thus, in this paper, we propose a method to detect the changes in market conditions. In the proposed method, we focuse on the stock board instead of the price data. From the stock board data, we classify short time series data to clusters by using k-means clustering method. Then, we generate Hidden Markov Model(HMM) from the transition probability of each clusters. By using the likelihood of HMM, we analyze the similarities of each time series data. We performed an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the method by discriminant analysis of time series data which created from opening session and continuous session. As a result, two time series data are discriminated with high accuracy. Finally, we compared the discriminate performance of proposed method with another discriminant analysis methods. We used three types of time series data of stock board and price data, before the Lehman's fall financial crisis. From the result, the proposed method shows the best performance in discriminating each financial data.

著者

林 宏紀 伊東 樹希 西尾 典晃 武藤 敦子 犬塚 信博

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.177-181, 2014-01-05 (Released:2014-01-07)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1

---

Social Network Analysis is a field of sociology, where networks, such as human relations, are investigated in order to understand roles of persons in social context. In this paper, we propose a method for this aim using the method of formal concept analysis (FCA) and ego-centric networks. FCA is a formal tool which extinguishes concepts from instances and their attributes. Our proposed method deals with persons in a network as instances and some graph structure appeared in a local network, which is called an ego-centric network, of a person as attributes. It clarifies the relationship between social nature and human relationship structure possessed by each individual in the network relationships with friends. We examined the proposal method using data acquired by a questionnaire on friendship and social attributes to students. Some groups characterized by the method had statistically significant ratio of students who possess some social attributes.

著者

草田 裕紀 水田 孝信 早川 聡 和泉 潔

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.5, pp.675-682, 2015

被引用文献数

5

---

We analyzed the impact of position-based market maker, which tries to maintain its neutral position, to the competition among stock exchanges by an artificial market simulation approach. In the previous study, we built an artificial market model and investigated for the impact of non-position-based market maker's spread to the markets' shares of trading volumes. However it had the serious problem that the non-position-based market maker is too simple to manage its own position properly and so we could not judge weather the result of previous study is correct or not. Thus in this study, we made a position-based market maker and explored the competition, in terms of taking markets' shares of trading volumes, between two artificial financial markets that have exactly the same specifications except existing a market maker, the non-position-based market maker or the position-based market maker. As a result, we found that the position-based market maker can acquire the share of trading volumes from the competitor even though its spread is bigger than bid-offer-spread of the competitor. Moreover, we revealed that position-based market maker can get a profit even in the situation that its spread or tick sizes of the stock exchanges are small. In addition to that, position-based market maker made a profit in almost all experiments which we conducted in this research by changing its spread and tick sizes of markets. At last, we confirmed that position-based market maker can manage its position properly compared to non-position-based market maker. In conclusion, the position-based market maker can not only supply liquidity to stock exchanges and contribute to acquire the share from the competitor as well as the non-position-based market maker does, but also manage its own position properly and make a profit.

著者

西岡 伸 鳥居 拓馬 楠本 拓矢 松本 渉 和泉 潔

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.AG16-C_1-10, 2017

---

<p>In recent financial market, high frequency traders (HFTs) and dark pools have been increasing their share. Financial analysts have speculated that they might decrease market transparency and malfunction price discovery, and their interaction would make the situation worse.To validate speculations, artificial market simulation is a tool of study by constructing virtual markets on computers. In this research, by constructing an artificial market simulation, we analyzed how the interaction between HFTs and a dark pool impacts on the market efficiency (in the sense of price discovery) of a (lit) stock market. In simulations, two types of trader agents enter the market. A market maker agent, a representative strategy of HFTs, submit orders to the lit market. We analyzed the market maker's interest rate spread, or simply the spread, as a key parameter for their strategy. Stylized trader agents submit orders to either the lit market or the dark pool with some probability given as a parameter.The simulation results suggest that on the condition that market makers have little impact to market pricing (having a large spread), moderate use of dark pools can promote market pricing. On the other hand, on the condition that market makers have big impact to market pricing, excessive use of dark pools can inhibit market pricing, while using dark pools do not have bad influence when the rate of use is not high. On the influence of market makers, our results suggest that the bigger the impact to market pricing (a small spread), the more it can promote market pricing.</p>

著者

松井 哲也 山田 誠二

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.C-G92_1-10, 2017-03-01 (Released:2017-03-01)

参考文献数

24

---

The PRVAs, product recommendation virtual agent, are the agents that take part in the clerks on the onlineshopping. For their aims, it is very important for the PRVAs to be trusted by users. However, trustworthy the PRVA design was not be studied yet. In this paper, we suggest the user’s trust transition model that is consisted by two parameters. One parameter is user’s emotion, and the other is agent’s knowledge. We suggested the transition operators that transited these two parameters by executing when the PRVAs recommend. Emotion transition operators are agent’s smile and gestures. Knowledge transition operators is long product recommendation text. We carried on three experiments to estimate these model and transition operators. In experiment 1, we executed no transition operators. In experiment 2, we executed emotion transition operators and added knowledge transition operators in the latter half. In experiment 3, we executed knowledge transition operators in the first half and added emotion transition operators in the latter half. As a results, it is discovered that transition operators and a transition model are effective. In experiment 1, there are no transition in the participants’ trust state. In experiment 2, the participants’knowledge perceived and trust for agent transited after executing knowledge transition operators. In experiment 3, the participants’ emotion transited after executing positive emotion operators, however, trust didn’t transited. From these result, we concluded that trust is based on each of the user’s emotion and the agent’s knowledge.

著者

小林 一樹 山田 誠二

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.63-72, 2006 (Released:2006-01-06)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 3

---

In this paper, we first propose a novel interaction model, CEA (Commands Embedded in Actions). It can explain the way how some existing systems reduce the work-load of their user. We next extend the CEA and build ECEA (Extended CEA) model. The ECEA enables robots to achieve more complicated tasks. On this extension, we employ ACS (Action Coding System) which can describe segmented human acts and clarifies the relationship between user's actions and robot's actions in a task. The ACS utilizes the CEA's strong point which enables a user to send a command to a robot by his/her natural action for the task. The instance of the ECEA led by using the ACS is a temporal extension which has the user keep a final state of a previous his/her action. We apply the temporal extension of the ECEA for a sweeping task. The high-level task, a cooperative task between the user and the robot can be realized. The robot with simple reactive behavior can sweep the region of under an object when the user picks up the object. In addition, we measure user's cognitive loads on the ECEA and a traditional method, DCM (Direct Commanding Method) in the sweeping task, and compare between them. The results show that the ECEA has a lower cognitive load than the DCM significantly.

著者

上田 修功

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.299-308, 2001 (Released:2002-02-28)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

---

When learning a nonlinear model, we suffer from two difficulties in practice: (1) the local optima, and (2) appropriate model complexity determination problems. As for (1), I recently proposed the split and merge Expectation Maximization (SMEM) algorithm within the framework of the maximum likelihood by simulataneously spliting and merging model components, but the model complexity was fixed there. To overcome these problems, I first formally derive an objective function that can optimize a model over parameter and structure distributions simultaneously based on the variational Bayesian approach. Then, I device a Bayesian SMEM algorithm to e.ciently optimize the objective function. With the proposed algorithm, we can find the optimal model structure while avoiding being trapped in poor local maxima. I apply the proposed method to the learning of a mixture of experts model and show the usefulness of the method.

著者

清水 仁 松林 達史 納谷 太

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.AG16-F_1-8, 2017

---

<p>In this research, we show a paradox of the "theme park" problem. In the crowded amusement park, it is generally believed that the equalization of queue lines of people can decrease the waiting time for riding on attraction. However, the equalization of queue lines occasionally increases the waiting time in the case where congestion degree is over the limit of capacity. This paradox makes it difficult to reduce congestion. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the waiting time even in the "theme park paradox" situation, and evaluate effectiveness of our method by multiagent simulation.</p>

著者

荒井 弘毅

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.B-H32_1-7, 2018-05-01 (Released:2018-05-01)

参考文献数

14

---

In this paper, we analyzed individuals’ perceptions of the roles of intelligent machines and systems based on the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in 2015 and 2016 on artificial intelligence, robots, and other “intelligent machines and systems.” In conclusion, 1) human labor was not strongly supported for so-called public goods and services such as disaster prevention and military jobs, rather than leaving these tasks to machines. 2) In support of existing research, child-rearing was seen as women’s responsibility as in the present situation, considering that women and children benefit from the parenting experience. In addition, university graduates with high flexibility for social option and creative capacity are perceived to benefit from human-powered jobs, especially in tasks that require human responsibility or where the cost of implementing intelligent machines and systems would be expensive. Also, some tasks, such as music, are viewed as preferentially human tasks. 3) After taking into consideration endogenous in the regression, such as for child rearing and nursing care, overall, individuals perceived that childcare should not be left to machines, although nursing care was considered to possibly benefit from the use of machines.

著者

寺岡 丈博 東中 竜一郎 岡本 潤 石崎 俊

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.335-346, 2013 (Released:2013-04-12)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4

---

Metonymy is a figure of speech, where one item's name represents another item which usually has a close relation with the first one. Metonymic expressions need to be correctly detected and interpreted because sentences including such expressions have different meanings from literal ones; computer systems may output inappropriate results in natural language processing. In previous studies, detecting metonymies has been done mainly by taking one of the following two approaches: rule-based approach and statistical one. The former uses semantic networks and rules to interpret metonymy. The latter uses corpus-based metonymy resolution with machine learning techniques. One of the problems of the current metonymy detection is that using mainly syntactic and semantic information may not be enough to detect metonymic expressions because it has been pointed out that metonymic expressions have relations to associative relations between words. In this paper, we propose an associative approach for detecting them. By using associative information between words in a sentence, we train a decision tree to detect metonymic expressions in a sentence. We evaluated our method by comparing with four baseline methods based on previous studies that use a thesaurus or co-occurrence information. Experimental results show that our method has significantly better accuracy (0.83) of judging metonymic expressions than those of the baselines. It also achieves better recall (0.73), precision (0.85), and F-measure (0.79) in detecting Japanese metonymic expressions, achieving state-of-the-art performance.

著者

西垣 貴央 新田 克己 小野田 崇

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.D-FB1_1-13, 2016-07-01 (Released:2016-08-03)

参考文献数

32

---

In this paper, we propose a constrained independent topic analysis in text mining. Independent topic analysis is a method for extracting mutually independent topics from the text data by using the independent component analysis. In the independent topic analysis, it is possible to obtain the most independent topics. However, these obtained topics may differ from the ones wanted by user. For example, it is assumed resultant three topics, topic A and topic B and topic C. If a content of topic A and topic B is thought to be close, user wants to merge the topic A and topic B as one of the topic D. In addition, when user wants to analyze topic A in more detail, user would like to separate topic A to topic E and topic F. In that case, method which can incorporate these requests of the user is required. To that end, we define the Merge Link constraints and Separate Link constraints. Merge Link constraints is a constraint that merges two topics in a single topic. Separate Link constraint is a constraint that separates one of the topics in the two topics. In this paper, we propose a method of obtaining a highly independent topic that meet these constraints. We conducted evaluation experiments on proposed methods, and obtained results to show the effectiveness of our approach.

著者

熊谷 充敏 岩田 具治

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.D-H92_1-9, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-03-01)

参考文献数

33

---

We propose probabilistic models for predicting future classifiers given labeled data with timestamps collected until the current time. In some applications, the decision boundary changes over time. For example, in activity recognition using sensor data, the decision boundary can vary since user activity patterns dynamically change. Existing methods require additional labeled and/or unlabeled data to learn a time-evolving decision boundary. However, collecting these data can be expensive or impossible. By incorporating time-series models to capture the dynamics of a decision boundary, the proposed model can predict future classifiers without additional data. We developed two learning algorithms for the proposed model on the basis of variational Bayesian inference. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with experiments using synthetic and real-world data sets.

著者

福島 宙輝 田中 茂範

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.AI30-N_1-8, 2016-11-01 (Released:2017-12-20)

参考文献数

15

---

The perceptual domain of taste presents a symbol-grounding problem in which language does not capture the target domain straightforwardly. We suggest that analogy, defined as a process of finding relevance in a metaphorical expression, is a key to handling the problem in the domain of taste. In this study, we took up sound symbolism as a case of expressing the tastes of wine and sake, and did a quantitative text analysis to demonstrate how sound symbolic expressions function in the description of wine and sake (word count of wine text: 201,294; word count of sake: 50,147). The text analysis showed both similarities and differences between the two texts. In both texts, sound symbolism is used as a means of increasing the expressive power of general and abstract words referring to the tastes of wine and sake. In the sake text, however, the use of sound symbolism was dominant in the pre-taste and post-taste stages, while in the wine text, expressions of complex tastes were highly sound symbolic. The different functions of sound symbolism presumably correspond to the differences between wine and sake in terms of the manner of tasting.