出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.77-83, 2021 (Released:2021-06-22)

著者

王 啓 田中 千晶 谷内 通

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71.1.5, (Released:2021-06-14)

参考文献数

32

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The present study examined effects of retention and intertrial intervals on proactive interference in the eight-arm radial maze performance in rats. A trial consisted of a forced choice of four arms in a learning phase, retention interval, and a free choice among eight arms in a test phase. In Experiment 1, rats were given two daily trials with 10 s or 1 min. retention intervals between the learning and the test phases and with 5, 30, or 60 min. intertrial intervals. In the 1 min. retention condition, proactive inference indexed by decline in performance from the first trial to the second trial was observed regardless of intertrial intervals. In contrast, such decline in performance was not observed for all the intertrial interval conditions in the 10 s retention condition. In Experiment 2, rats were tested with a 1 min. retention interval and 5 or 120 min. intertrial intervals. Significant proactive interference was observed again for a 5 min. intertrial interval condition replicating the results of Experiment 1. In contrast, proactive interference was eliminated completely by lengthening the intertrial interval to 120 min. These results suggest that discriminability among memories in current and prior trials in terms of elapsed time is a determinant of proactive interference in the radial maze performance in rats.

著者

小山 高正

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.255-259, 2000-12-25

著者

後藤 和宏 幡地 祐哉

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.70.1.2, (Released:2020-06-23)

参考文献数

23

---

Automated touchscreen-based tasks are increasingly being used to explore a broad range of issues in learning and behavior in mice. Researchers usually report how they train mice before acquiring a target task concisely, and shaping protocols at this stage are typically flexible. In this report, we described a training protocol, developed in our laboratory, for mice acquiring a simultaneous discrimination performance using visual stimuli. C57BL/6N mice were first given magazine training. Nosepoke responses were then authoshaped and maintained on a continuous reinforcement schedule. Self-start response was then introduced in order to measure response time to complete each trial. The stimulus position was also varied across trials. We finally examined the contrast discrimination performance. Mice were tested with four different contrast ratios. Target stimuli were white and black targets and the brightness of distractors had values between targets and background. All mice successfully went through all training stages, confirming that this training protocol is promising for shaping appropriate discriminative behaviors in mice.

著者

高橋 阿貴

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.62.2.5, (Released:2012-12-28)

参考文献数

68

---

This review is an introduction to a recently developed technology “optogenetics” that allows researchers to directly manipulate the activity of aimed neurons with millisecond (ms) order in a behaving animal. Two types of microbial opsin, channel rhodopsin 2 (ChR2) and halorhodopsin (NpHR), are commonly used as the tools for optogenetics. ChR2 responds to blue light to induce neuronal firing via cation influx, whereas NpHR responds to yellow light to inhibit neuronal activity via Cl- influx. This review first introduces these and other opsins that have been used for optogenetics. Next, three methods to introduce these foreign genes into mouse nervous system are going to be explained: 1) viral infection, 2) in utero electrophoresis, and 3) transgenic mouse. Then, this review illustrates how neuron-type specific expression of the opsin gene can be achieved, and also how the optic stimulation of opsins that expresses in the deep brain structure can be accomplished. Finally, how the optogenetic technique has been used for behavioral neuroscience will be discussed by focusing on the studies about amygdala microcircuit that mediates conditioned fear.

著者

永野 茜

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.68.1.2, (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

28

---

Many studies have reported that wild and captive nonhuman primates have an advanced ability to understand causal relationships and use tools. However, the only studies investigating physical causal understanding in rodents under controlled experimental settings has been conducted in degus. The present studies conducted tool-use tasks in rats in an experimental setting, similar to tasks conducted in nonhuman primates and birds, and we used newly developed tasks to investigate their ability for physical causal understanding. In these tasks, rats were required to use tools to obtain food beyond their reach. Research 1 showed that rats chose appropriate tools to obtain food even when two novel tools were presented. In addition, Research 2 showed that rats were able to manipulate a tool according to the position of food. Our studies first suggest that rats have a primitive ability to understand physical causal relationships between pulling tools and approaching food. We propose the rat as an animal model to shed light on the evolution of physical causal understanding from rodents to humans.

著者

長谷川 寿一

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.47-48, 1997-06-25 (Released:2009-10-13)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

著者

佐藤 侑太郎 狩野 文浩 平田 聡

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.68.1.7, (Released:2018-05-31)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

3

---

Emotion is understudied in nonhuman animals despite broad interests in the topic. This is partly due to the difficulty in measuring subtle emotional reactions, such as physiological changes, under ecologically-valid situations. It is particularly challenging because the majority of traditional physiological measurements require animal participants to wear electrodes and head/body restraints in a laboratory. Recent advances in infrared thermography (IRT), and its use in measuring changes in animals' skin-temperature, offer suitable solutions for these challenges. This article reviews a growing body of research employing IRT in the study of animal emotions and identify both merits and shortcomings of IRT which need to be considered when designing experiments and observations. Also, we introduce our recent efforts to facilitate the use of IRT for the study of large-body animals, such as chimpanzees. Finally, we illustrate some of the critical future directions of IRT for the study of nonhuman animals. In conclusion, the study of animal emotion is more possible than ever before with this novel technology.

著者

佐伯 大輔

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.41-47, 1999

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6個体のゴールデンハムスターに確率学習課題を行わせ, その反応パターンを調べた。手続きとして, 位置課題及び非訂正法を使用した。確率条件として, 左右のレバー押し反応に対する強化確率が, 70% : 30%及び60% : 40%の2条件を設けた。また, 各確率条件を実施する前に, 左右のレバーに対して等頻度に反応させるベースライン条件を挿入した。その結果, 両方の確率条件において, すべての個体が, より強化確率の高い選択肢に反応のほとんどを割り当てる最大化を示した。この結果から, ゴールデンハムスターは, ラットやハト等の他の動物種と同様の反応パターンを示すことが明らかとなった。

著者

依田 憲

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.68.1.3, (Released:2018-03-28)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1

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Bio-logging, i.e., the use of animal-borne sensors such as acceleration, GPS, electroencephalogram, and video camera, allows researchers to measure the behavioral and physiological data of animals as well as the variables of the environments in which the animals move. The derived animal-borne data, coupled with statistical modeling, can be used to understand ecologically significant phenomena, such as the navigation strategies of animals, across multiple spatiotemporal scales. For example, streaked shearwaters (Calonectris leucomelas) have evolved the ability to locate their home far away from the colony and adjust the onset time of their homeward journeys according to the distance to the home. We discuss the current trends and limitations in bio-logging science and propose future directions for integrating bio-logging with engineering, robot technology, and data science.

著者

乾 敏郎

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.59-72, 2010 (Released:2010-06-25)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

3

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In this paper, we propose three hypotheses about language understanding. One of the fundamental and important components of language processing is assignment of a thematic role to each word in a sentence, based on word order and particles or prepositions. Therefore, we first discuss the brain mechanism of thematic role assignment, followed by a discussion of the brain mechanism for outlining the meaning of a sentence. We then evaluate the function of the mirror neuron system in language understanding. Finally, we discuss the brain mechanisms of mental perspective shift and hierarchical processing in language comprehension.

著者

伊澤 栄一

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.67.1.2, (Released:2017-05-02)

参考文献数

52

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Large-billed crows, Corvus macrorhynchos, are one of familiar resident birds in Japan. They are originally jungle/forest-dwelling birds but now broaden their habitats to urban 'concrete jungle' environments such as Tokyo and Sapporo. Despite the close and overlapping range of the habitat between humans and crows, the socio-behavioural function of crows and its psychological and neural underpinnings have been poorly understood. Here, I review the recent studies in animal psychology on inter-individual communication for the understanding of individual-based social ecology of large-billed crows. Particular focuses are made on audio-vocal, visual, and tactile communication. First, vocal exchange with a contact call (ka call) and the acoustic individuality of ka calls as an identity signal are outlined. Second topic for visual communication is on audio-visual cross-modal recognition of familiar individuals and the involvement of the individual recognition in the formation and maintenance of dominance relationship. Finally, nonreciprocal but unidirectional allopreening from dominants to subordinates in juvenile males is shown and its possible social function are discussed. To further understand the communication of crows from comparative perspectives, these findings of social behaviour and its function should be integrated with physiological research on the... onto the life-history axis of this species which is characterized by drastic change of social structures between juvenile and pair-bond stages.

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.1-5, 2011

著者

藤田 和生

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.66.1.5, (Released:2016-04-27)

参考文献数

37

---

Dogs are known to be extremely sensitive to human behavior. They use human gestures such as pointing as a cue better than great apes. A question here is whether this wonderful human companion simply reads apparent "behavior" of us, or, like humans, more deeply some sort of indirect information the behavior implies. In three separate tests, including pointing games with a non-trustworthy person, inference of the door function from human behavior toward it, and third-party affective evaluation of human interactions, we show that dogs often utilize more than superficial actions they observe. Dogs are at least somewhat "cognitivists" rather than pure "behaviorists" that learn everything by simple association with observable stimuli.

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.59-59, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

著者

小牧 純爾 友永 雅己

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.63.1.5, (Released:2013-07-01)

参考文献数

14

著者

岡市 洋子 岡市 広成

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.29-34, 2001-06-30

被引用文献数

7

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本研究では, 8匹のラットを用いて, ラットの複雑な聴覚刺激に対する弁別能力を調べた。1レバーのスキナー箱を使用し, S+刺激に対する反応にはVI10秒で報酬を与えた。第1段階では, BeatlesのYesterdayとホワイトノイズを刺激に用いた。報酬随伴性はカウンターバランスさせた。10セッションの訓練で, Beatles S+群, ノイズS+群, ともに3匹ずつが80%以上の正反応率を示した。第2段階では, S+を変えずに, 両群のラットのS-をMozartに変えた。その結果, ノイズS+群は3セッションの訓練で1匹を除き約95%の正反応率に達したが, Beatles S+群は7セッションの訓練で約85%の正反応率となった。第3段階ではBeatles Yesterdayと実験者の演奏するYesterdayが与えられた。10セッションの訓練で, 7匹のラットが70%以上の正反応率に達し, ラットが異なる演奏者が演奏する音色と音の高さはやや異なるものの, 旋律が等しい2曲を弁別することができること示した。

著者

時本 楠緒子 熊澤 紀子 假屋 瑛吏子 鈴木 千鶴子 羽田 美保 日原 さやか 難波 宏美 岡ノ谷 一夫 入來 篤史

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, 2006-12-25

著者

小牧 純爾

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.4-16, 1991-10-05

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The short history of learning set (LS) research was reviewed for the purpose of elucidating the present state of our knowledge of the subject. The following remarks were made : (1) Disproof of the uniprocess theory and the revised understanding of the transfer suppression greatly reduced the plausibility of Harlow's error-factor theory of LS. (2) Discovery of the equivalence of successive-reversal training and LS training, also disclosing another weakness of the error-factor theory, led to the acceptance of Levine's model as an alternative theory of LS. (3) Bessemer and Stollnitz elaborated basic ideas of the model and, introducing a distinction between error-factor effects and hypothesis learning, formulated a new version of hypothesis theory of LS. (4) Subsequent experimental studies examining transfer effects of overtraining and successive informed-reversal training tested implications of the theory and revealed flaws and restrictions of the theory. (5) These studies also provided evidence for believing the occurrence of attention learning during LS training. Both hypothesis and attention learning seem to contribute to the formation of LS.

著者

永山 博通 小出 剛

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.127-135, 2019 (Released:2019-12-18)

参考文献数

37

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Social behavior is a conspecific interaction and plays an important role in the survival of animals. In contrast, while heterospecific interaction largely refers to predator ― prey interaction, occasional instances of cooperative behavior can be found, for example, the interaction between domesticated animals and humans. Domestication involves breeding animals for generations to familiarize them with humans without fear. A major behavioral characteristic of domesticated animals is tameness which is divided into two categories. One is reluctant to avoid humans (passive tameness) and the other actively approaches humans (active tameness). Until now, however, little is known about the genetic, behavioral and neurological basis of these two categories of tameness. Here, we briefly review genetic and neurological research on tameness. Next, we explore the relationship between tameness and social cognitive skills of domesticated animals, such as dogs. Finally, we discuss the possibility of the same brain regions being used in both conspecific and heterospecific interactions.