著者
大北 碧
出版者
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.69.1.6, (Released:2019-06-24)
参考文献数
87
被引用文献数
1

The saying "A dog (Canis familiaris) is man's best friend" and the term Jinba ittai (describing the connection between a horse [Equus caballus] and a human) express the affinitive interactions between humans and these animals. In this paper regarding psychology of learning, these interspecies interactions were considered to indicate that human behaviors change behaviors of these animals and vice versa. Such mutual influence is possible because humans and these animals have innate cognitive systems that allow them to process each other's behaviors, and because humans and these animals learn each other's behaviors. Thus, studies that investigated these cognitive systems and such learning were reviewed. Next, we looked at studies that examined these interspecies interactions during rearing or training. Finally, the reason why humans not only feel that dogs and horses can interact with them but also experience affinitive relationships with these animals was discussed. The innate and learned factors involved in the construction of these relationships were considered.
著者
永澤 美保 岡部 祥太 茂木 一孝 菊水 健史
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.1, pp.47-63, 2013 (Released:2013-07-31)
参考文献数
129
被引用文献数
2 2

This review shows the effects of oxytocin involved in bond formation and the manner of reciprocal communication leading to mother-infant bonding in rodents. Various social stimuli, such as tactile stimuli and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) from the pups to the mother, and feeding and tactile stimulation from the mother to the pups, reinforce the mother-infant bond formation in rats and mice. This suggests that the mother and infant are able to develop a cross-modal sensory recognition of each other. Although the mechanisms underlying bond formation in the brains of infants have not yet been clarified, oxytocin in the neural system plays a pivotal role in each sides of the mother-infant bonding process. The deprivation of social stimuli from the mother strongly influences the offspring’s sociality, including maternal behavior towards their own offspring, which implies the “non-genomic transmission of maternal environment.” The comparative understanding of cognitive functions between mother and infants, and the biological mechanisms involved in mother-infant bonding may help us understand psychiatric disorders associated with mother-infant relationships.
著者
瀧本 彩加
出版者
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.67.1.4, (Released:2017-05-17)

Recently, there have been more and more chances to talk about our study in English even in domestic conferences, symposiums or workshops in Japan. However, unfortunately, almost all of us have not received enough training for making English presentation yet. Therefore, I would like to introduce the very basics of pronunciation, making slides, way of talking and answering questions from the audience to help beginners through their first English oral presentation.
著者
澤 幸祐
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.62.1.4, (Released:2012-06-21)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
2 1

Many researchers have been interested in cognitive abilities of animals and investigated those issues by using several methods. Associative learning theory, which is mainly adopted in classical and operant conditioning literature, has been considered “simple” and sometime “appropriate” account of animal behavior from the point of view of Morgan's canon. In present article, criticism toward associative account and another reason why associative account is appropriate for animal behavior were reviewed, proposing proper usage of associative learning theory in complex animal behavior. One possible answer in present discussion is that associative learning theory is some kind of “intermediate language”, which can work as the bridge among neural mechanism, psychological faculty in animals, and anthropomorphic explanations.
著者
西村 剛
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.1, pp.49-58, 2010 (Released:2010-06-25)
参考文献数
42

The sophisticated feature of human speech allows us to turn much information encoded by language in the brain into sounds and to communicate it with others rapidly and efficiently. Human speech shows highly sophisticated modifications of supralaryngeal vocal tract (SVT) in volume and shape, through voluntary regulation of the vocal apparatuses, which is usually regulated involuntarily in other mammals. Paleoanthropologists have continued to debate the “origin” of language, evaluating distinct morphological features, which are presumed to underlie just human speech, but such continued efforts have no consensus on the age of the origin. On the other hand, recent advances in empirical studies on the development of the SVT anatomy in nonhuman primates endorse the idea that many of the separate biological foundations of speech had evolved independently before the origin of human beings, under different selection pressures unrelated to speech. The efforts have contributed to our better understanding on the mosaic processes of the speech evolution, and could contribute greatly to exploring the long “evolutionary history” of speech.
著者
菊水 健史
出版者
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.67.1.1, (Released:2017-04-25)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
2

During domestication/evolution process of dogs, dogs have acquired human-like nonverbal communication skills, such as gaze and pointing following by humans, and gaze alternative behavior toward the owners. These skills, especially using eye gaze, are believed to promote the co-habituation of dogs in human society. Not only the communicative function of dog's eye-gaze with humans, it works as to form bonding between them. Eye-gaze from dogs to their owners increased urinary oxytocin, and the owner showed affiliative interactions with their dogs, which in turn, stimulate oxytocin release in dogs. Oxytocin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide stimulate maternal behavior as well as social interactions. Therefore, human and dogs can form a biological bonding via oxytocin positive loop in both sides. This type of positive loop was not observed in wolves, suggesting that dogs have acquired this function in their domestication process. Future behavioral genetic research will reveal the critical genes responsible for human-dog interaction, which would shed a light on the critical questions; "why", "how" and "when" dogs become a Man's best friend.
著者
関 義正
出版者
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.69.1.9, (Released:2019-07-18)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
1 1

Rhythmic entrainment, or synchronization, to musical rhythm is universally observed in almost all human culture; however, in non-human animals, this kind of behavior has been demonstrated only by some specific species. Thus, exploring the evolutional origin and the psychological substrate for this capability is an attractive research topic. This article reviews recent studies tackling this question and relevant researches, then, introduces a hypothesis explaining the origin of the prominent capability for rhythmic synchronization in humans.
著者
板原 彰宏 狩野 文浩
出版者
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.72.1.1, (Released:2022-04-16)
参考文献数
52
被引用文献数
6

Recent technological advances made it possible to record postural changes of moving animals in behavior/cognition research. Although several technologies are available for this purpose, one underexplored possibility is the use of an infrared motion-capture system, which excels at tracking subtle and rapid 3D movements of animals. We explored this possibility by developing a system optimized to track saccadic head movements of large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchos). We custom-built a motion-capture room, "Corvid Tracking Studio", in which birds can freely interact with conspecifics/objects while infrared cameras track the reflective markers attached to the birds' heads. We also developed a head-calibration method that reconstructs the 3D positions of each bird's eyes and beak tip with respect to those of the head markers. We then tested accuracies of the head-orientation coordinate system reconstructed from the eye-beak coordinates of a bird and confirmed that estimated errors were all within a degree (in Euler angles). We thus show that a motion capture system has a good potential to examine subtle and rapid movements of moving animals with several customizations.
著者
後藤 和宏
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.1, pp.49-57, 2012 (Released:2012-07-27)
参考文献数
36
被引用文献数
3 1

Anthropomorphim is an enduring controversy in comparative cognition. Some studies in comparative cognition search for human-like behavior as evidence for evolutionary continuity of mental processes as Darwin encouraged. Others eschew interpreting observed behaviors in terms of anthropomorphic mental processes. Even in the former cases, students of comparative cognition often use the predictions by associative learning or reinforcement learning as killjoy explanations to examine the existence of complex cognitive processes shared between humans and other species. In the present paper, I reviewed some of such challenges, including my own, to show how anthropomorphic questions can be studied scientifically. I also reviewed other studies in which the killjoy explanations were inappropriately applied. Misuses of the killjoy explanations are typically revealed by showing human adults behave differently from the experimenters anthropomorphic predictions.
著者
瀧本 彩加
出版者
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.65.1.4, (Released:2015-05-09)
参考文献数
48
被引用文献数
4

Prosocial behaviors have been considered a hallmark of humans in the past. However, accumulating experimental data in comparative cognitive science have revealed that nonhuman animals also show prosocial behaviors. Nevertheless, its evolutionary path has remained unclear despite a great deal of recent research effort. In this paper, I first review experimental studies on prosocial behaviors in nonhuman primates, by focusing on the influences of request behavior and social closeness. Then, I evaluate some factors that have been thought to play an important role in facilitating the convergent evolution of prosocial behaviors (inequity aversion, interdependence, tolerance) based on experimental data. I finally propose some possible future studies to explore the evolutionary path of prosocial behaviors, by referring to the previously discussed psychological mechanism that seems to support nonhuman primates’ prosocial behaviors (Yamamoto & Takimoto, 2012).
著者
豊川 航 亀田 達也
出版者
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.2, pp.107-122, 2013 (Released:2013-12-17)
参考文献数
88

Recent research on animal behavior has identified a set of common cognitive and behavioral principles that underlie animal collective decision-making. Although endeavor toward synthesizing knowledge about collective decision-making by different species has already begun, human collective phenomena, which have mainly been investigated by social scientists, are still largely left behind from this scope. However, delineating uniqueness and commonality of human collective decision-making in biological contexts is critically important to understand nature of human collectivity. Toward this end, this paper first defines the concept of collective decision-making from a biological perspective. We then review several recent key findings on collective behavior by several animal species (eusocial insects in particular), and argue that a set of fundamental processes such as positive feedback, nonlinear conformity bias and quorum-sensing, commonly underlie human and non-human collective decision-making. We sketch some future research directions to promote cross-fertilizations between the biological and social sciences for a better understanding of collective phenomena by humans and non-human animals.
著者
中尾 央 後藤 和宏
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.1, pp.45-58, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
2

This paper considers methodological problems in animal metacognition studies. After summarizing a variety of experimental designs to study animal metacognition, we review recent literature that were not included in Fujita (2010)'s more comprehensive review. We then examined Carruthers (2008; Carruthers and Rithie 2012)' skeptic argument against animal metacognition. He argued that no experiments thus far successfully exclude the possibility that animals, as well as human infants, elicit "metacognitive" responses without explicitly and consciously monitoring internal representations. We argued that newly developed experimental paradigms to study explicit memory processes could be a key to reject Caruuthers' skeptic argument and thus facilitate understanding how we access to the internal representations.
著者
藤田 和生
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.1, pp.11-21, 2016 (Released:2016-06-27)
参考文献数
37

Dogs are known to be extremely sensitive to human behavior. They use human gestures such as pointing as a cue better than great apes. A question here is whether this wonderful human companion simply reads apparent "behavior" of us, or, like humans, more deeply some sort of indirect information the behavior implies. In three separate tests, including pointing games with a non-trustworthy person, inference of the door function from human behavior toward it, and third-party affective evaluation of human interactions, we show that dogs often utilize more than superficial actions they observe. Dogs are at least somewhat "cognitivists" rather than pure "behaviorists" that learn everything by simple association with observable stimuli.
著者
宮崎 雅雄 上野山 怜子
出版者
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.72.2.2, (Released:2022-12-07)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
1

The domestic cat is a very popular companion animal. However, there is very little work focusing on cat-specific physiology and behavior. In this review, we introduce our studies uncovering scent signals for species- and sex-recognition and the behavioral significance of the silver vine response in cats. Cat urine emits a specific catty smell. Our chemical analysis identified a sulfur-containing volatile organic compound, 3-mercapto-3-methyl-1-butanol, that is detectable in the urine of cats but not of dogs and humans. In addition, its level varies between sexes; its level is markedly higher in intact males than in castrated males or females. These indicate that the sulfur-containing compound is a urinary scent signal involved in species- and sex-recognition in cats. The other characteristic in cats is the behavioral response to silver vine, which comprises licking and chewing the plants, rubbing against the plants, and rolling over on the plants. Previous studies identified some bioactive compounds designated as matatabilactones from the plants, but little is known about why cats do the response to the plants. Our analyses found that nepetalactol which was missed in the plants is a potent bioactive compound for the response and stimulates the μ-opioid system which is responsible for the euphoria in humans. Nepetalactol has the repellent activity of pest insects such as mosquitoes. The rubbing and rolling responses to the plants transfer nepetalactol onto the feline fur that repels mosquitoes. The licking and chewing of the plants changes not only emission levels of nepetalactol and matatabilactones but also their contents which increase bioactivities toward cats and mosquitoes. These findings improve our understanding of the species-specific physiology and behavior in cats.
著者
杉元 拓斗 平田 聡
出版者
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.72.1.2, (Released:2022-06-01)
参考文献数
22

The ability to recognize and evaluate others is considered to be an important ability in selecting cooperative partners. There have been some studies on this ability in both humans and nonhuman animals, however, little empirical research has been conducted to examine how horses perceive humans. Here, we investigated whether horses can evaluate the problem-solving ability of humans in an unsolvable task. We showed horses a pair of two experimenters, one who can open the lid of a container (problem solver) and the other who cannot open the lid of the container (problem nonsolver), trying to open the lid of the container either with or without food in it. Gaze duration toward each experimenter was recorded and used as a proxy measurement of the attention of the horses. Horses watched the problem solver longer than the problem nonsolver in the food condition. They also watched the problem solver for longer in the food condition compared to the no food condition. These results suggest that horses can recognize the problem-solving ability of humans.