著者

井谷 美友 久保(川合) 南海子 川合 伸幸

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.63-69, 2015 (Released:2015-12-18)

参考文献数

16

---

Studies on instrumental learning have rarely been conducted with tailed amphibians. This may be due primarily to difficulties in training newts with food rewards. Most previous studies on instrumental learning by newts have employed runways without a distinct discriminative stimulus associated with food. In this study, we trained newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster) with black rings as the discriminative stimuli at close distance (5 cm ahead). Two newts were trained to pass through one ring with a diameter of 8 cm. One newt failed to show evidence of learning (i.e., decreased response time) with 14 sessions of massed trials (4 trials/session). The second newt, however, learned to pass through rings with diameters of 8, 6, 5, and 4 cm. A 20-trial follow-up probe test was conducted with the second newt, in which the 4-cm black ring and a novel red square were presented side by side. The newt did not choose the black ring over the red square in any of the trials, suggesting that neither the black color nor the circle shape drove the newt’s behavior. In a retention test conducted 185 days later, the newt did not pass through the ring of 4 cm at all, suggesting that this behavior was learned but not retained after 6 months. Presentations of distinctive stimuli in close proximity might enhance appetitive instrumental learning by newts, which is otherwise difficult to accomplish using runway apparatuses with no distinctive cues to elicit instrumental behaviors.

著者

時本 楠緒子 岡ノ谷 一夫

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, 2005-12-25

著者

乗越 皓司

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.247-254, 2000-12-25

著者

佐藤 暢哉

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1006220065-1006220065, (Released:2010-07-01)

参考文献数

67

---

Episodic memory is defined as a memory system that consciously carries out recollecting one's subjective past experience and re-experiencing it. Through these mental activities, episodic memory is thought to make mental time travel retrospectively and prospectively possible, which is sometimes considered to be unique to humans. However, after a seminal study in scrub-jays by Clayton & Dickinson (1998), animal models of episodic memory have been developing and are starting to affect the concept of human episodic memory itself. This paper will concentrate on reviewing the studies that could encourage nonhuman animals to utilize memory — the properties are consistent with current definition of human episodic memory. Additionally, a discussion on the possibility to divide the system of episodic memory into two sub-processes and to study in animals the sub-processes of episodic memory will be undertaken.

著者

伊澤 栄一

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.11-18, 2017

---

<p>Large-billed crows, <i>Corvus macrorhynchos</i>, are one of familiar resident birds in Japan. They are originally jungle/forest-dwelling birds but now broaden their habitats to urban 'concrete jungle' environments such as Tokyo and Sapporo. Despite the close and overlapping range of the habitat between humans and crows, the socio-behavioural function of crows and its psychological and neural underpinnings have been poorly understood. Here, I review the recent studies in animal psychology on inter-individual communication for the understanding of individual-based social ecology of large-billed crows. Particular focuses are made on audio-vocal, visual, and tactile communication. First, vocal exchange with a contact call (<i>ka</i> call) and the acoustic individuality of <i>ka</i> calls as an identity signal are outlined. Second topic for visual communication is on audio-visual cross-modal recognition of familiar individuals and the involvement of the individual recognition in the formation and maintenance of dominance relationship. Finally, nonreciprocal but unidirectional allopreening from dominants to subordinates in juvenile males is shown and its possible social function are discussed. To further understand the communication of crows from comparative perspectives, these findings of social behaviour and its function should be integrated with physiological research on the... onto the life-history axis of this species which is characterized by drastic change of social structures between juvenile and pair-bond stages.</p>

著者

片平 健太郎

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.109-119, 2016 (Released:2017-01-26)

参考文献数

43

---

Mathematical or computational models have played important roles in investigating animal behaviors and underlying processes. A traditional approach in psychology to evaluate such models is "qualitative" one, which examines whether the model can explain observed phenomena or not. In contrast, "quantitative" approaches, which evaluate how well the model can account for the observed data compared to alternative models, have been proved useful especially in neuroscience. This article reviews the quantitative approaches to model evaluation. The advantages and limitations of the quantitative approaches are discussed. The author suggest that the quantitative and qualitative approaches are complimentary and jointly provide a powerful framework for investigating psychological processes underlying animal learning and behaviors.

著者

服部 裕子 藤田 和生

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, 2008-12-25

著者

根ケ山 光一

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.66.1.6, (Released:2016-06-09)

参考文献数

18

---

Both positivity and negativity are important components for the development of mother-offspring relationship. The "inter-body antagonism" is an important biological framework to promote offspring's independence from mothers. Weaning, an achievement of nutritional independence in offspring, is a typical situation in which mother-child negativity plays an important role. Human mother-child separation is also actualized by complex sociocultural allomothering systems consisting of objects, persons and institutes. Human triadic relationship in joint attention by mother and infant to object is a basic element of the systems. The relationship is preceded by "Proto-triadic relationship" in which particular body parts are used as targets in human inter-body interactions as in a case of tickling play.Not only object but also person could be a target of attention in triadic relation, and exchange of perspectives with the person is essential in the human infant's cultural learning and establishment of social network. A special allomothering by a girl called Moriane in an island of Okinawa is an example of such allomothering.

著者

牛谷 智一 後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.43-44, 2008 (Released:2008-06-27)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1

著者

柴崎 全弘 石田 雅人

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.101-106, 2006 (Released:2006-12-22)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

2 2

---

Newts were trained under a massed-trial condition and then extinguished in a straight alleyway to assess the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE). There were four groups: one partial reinforcement group trained using a random schedule (RA), two partial groups for which reinforcement ratios were gradually increased (GI) or decreased (GD), and a continuous reinforcement group (CR). They showed significant acquisition and extinction effects. The CR group was the most resistant to extinction, with no significant difference among the other three. The results indicate a reverse PREE in newts, and suggest that their learning is controlled mainly by a simple Strengthening-Weakening mechanism.

著者

加藤 陽子 岡ノ谷 一夫

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, 2004-12-25

著者

大森 えみ 佐藤 和枝 渡辺 茂

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, 1997-12-15

著者

田積 徹 岡市 広成

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, 1997-12-15

著者

三枝 理江 渡辺 茂

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, 1995-03-25

著者

荒川 礼行 荒川 圭子

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.21-32, 2023 (Released:2023-12-25)

参考文献数

46

---

Empirical studies on behavior using animal models provide irreplaceable tools for dissecting intricate neural circuits into multiple output modules that concomitantly regulate segmented components of behavior. Recent technical advancement in the manipulation and measurement of neural cell/circuit activities in freely behaving animals allow us to bridge the gap between neural processes and behavior expression. While neural signals are processed on the second timescales, the nature of behavior is time-consuming effort to gain interaction with environmental stimuli for adaptation. Therefore, a bundle of neural activities cannot simply represent entire behavioral processes, but rather segmented behavior components. Hence, we must reconsider how such bundles compose total outputs forming functional set of behavior, and thus, how integrated behavior can be broken into neural modular components, such as sensory detection, element recognition, behavior drive, and action/movement execution, by neural activity timescale units. Our refined protocol on behavioral studies is more effective in terms of determining what we observe in animal behavior and how we interpret neuro behavior relationship for vital contribution to basic and translational studies.

著者

大北 碧 永野 茜 領家 梨恵

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.33-34, 2023 (Released:2023-12-25)

参考文献数

3

著者

粟津 俊二 藤田 和生

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.183-190, 1998-12-15 (Released:2009-10-13)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 4

---

ラット (観察者) は, ある食物を摂取してきた他個体 (提示者) と接触すると, その食物を選好するようになる。本研究では, 提示者と観察者の社会的関係の違いが, 伝達された食物に対する観察者の選好に影響を与えるかどうかを調べた。観察者を, 新奇な匂いのする異なった食物を摂取した2匹の提示者に接触させ, その後選択場面において, これら2つの食物に対する観察者の選好を測定した。観察者は, 既知の提示者が伝えた食物よりも未知の提示者が伝えた食物を選好し, また優位な提示者が伝えた食物よりも劣位な提示者が伝えた食物を選好した。この違いは, 観察者-提示者間の身体的な接触時間が異なるために生じたものではなかった。今回見られた選好は, ともにラットにとって適応的なものであると思われる。未知の提示者が伝えた食物を選好することは摂取する食物の幅を拡げ, 劣位な提示者が伝えた食物を選好することは食物獲得に要するコストを下げることにつながると考えられる。

著者

加藤 知歩 井深 信男

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.67-71, 2002 (Released:2008-02-06)

参考文献数

17

---

The present experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of different prior photoperiods and stress on testicular weight in Syrian hamsters under the neutral photoperiod. Seasonality was experimentally manipulated by the change of photoperiod. One group was exposed to LD 12.5 : 11.5 for 12 weeks following 8-week long photoperiod (LP)exposure. The other group was exposed to the same neutral photoperiod for 12 weeks after 8-week short photoperiod(SP). Stress was produced by food deprivation of fixed days or random days throughout the 12 weeks of the neutral photoperiod. The results clearly showed that unpredictable food deprivation on 25% days throughout the 12-week testing period induced more detrimental effects on testes than predictable deprivation once every 4 days in the LP group. Stress tolerance associated with food deprivation was weaker for the animals transferred from LP than for the ones transferred from SP. This finding suggests that stress tolerance varies with season.

著者

菊水 健史

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.67-75, 2018 (Released:2018-06-27)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3

---

Group living mammals have a distinct characteristic: when conspecific animals are together, they show a better recovery from experiences of distress. This phenomenon, termed 'social buffering', has been found in rodents, birds, non-human primates, and also in humans. This phenomenon is well-observed in bonded dyad; the mother-infant or pair-bonded dyads. Social contact, including allogrooming, appears to have a very positive influence on the psychological and physiological aspects of social animals, including human beings. These relationships depend on the neuroendocrine system, especially oxytocin. Oxytocin is released by affiliative social contact in dyads and can ameliorate stress and anxiety in both sides. This review overviews the classic finding of social buffering in animals and describe the recent findings of neuroendocrinological mechanisms for social buffering.

著者

後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.62.1.8, (Released:2012-07-06)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

3 1

---

Anthropomorphim is an enduring controversy in comparative cognition. Some studies in comparative cognition search for human-like behavior as evidence for evolutionary continuity of mental processes as Darwin encouraged. Others eschew interpreting observed behaviors in terms of anthropomorphic mental processes. Even in the former cases, students of comparative cognition often use the predictions by associative learning or reinforcement learning as killjoy explanations to examine the existence of complex cognitive processes shared between humans and other species. In the present paper, I reviewed some of such challenges, including my own, to show how anthropomorphic questions can be studied scientifically. I also reviewed other studies in which the killjoy explanations were inappropriately applied. Misuses of the killjoy explanations are typically revealed by showing human adults behave differently from the experimenters anthropomorphic predictions.