128 0 0 0 OA 13. 津波浸水予測図の作成とその活用(被害予測と緊急対応 その1)
The National Land Agency has compiled hazard maps of tsunami inundation for the whole coastlines of Japan for the purpose of for cast ing the inundation areas by tsunamis before tsunamis attack Japan. Hazard maps of tsunami inundation show the area and depth of tsunami inundation. They are used as fundamental data for taking measures for tsunami disasters. By the hazard maps, we can know uhitch facilities(roads, railways and so on) are in dengerous and clarify the problems to he solved for preventing tsunami disasters.
7 0 0 0 OA 応急仮設住宅の国際的比較(C.防災計画と対策,ポスター発表)
The purpose of this paper is to compare the status quo of temporary housings internationally. Japan, Turkey and Taiwan constructed different type of temporary housings. Through the anaiysis, this paper shows the fact the Japanese system is a lowest standard as a place of residence.
中山間地域における災害復興手法としての防災集団移転促進事業に関し,まず,過去の豪雪の中山間地域における集団移転の事例を分析し,(1)集落の全戸移転か一部移転か,(2)移転先地が集落内か集落外か,(3)災害危険性に対する認識や過疎化の進行度合,(4)事業期間,(5)跡地の買取の有無などの要素・条件と事業後の(1)跡地用の状況,(2)コミュニティの維持,(3)地区の過疎化の進行といった環境変化の状況との対応を比較する事により事業の課題を明らかにするとともに,新潟県中越地震被災地での活用方策及び活用上の課題について検討する。
2004年12月のスマトラ沖津波は,スリランカにおいて前代未聞の大被害をもたらした。被災地では復興に向けて住宅の再建事業が進められているが,事業の特色として沿岸地域の被災者の内陸部への大規模移転を伴うものであることが挙げられる。しかしながら,地域によっては事業の進行に大きな差が見られるほか,事業そのものに対する被災者の不満の声も挙がっている。本稿では被災地における住宅再建事業の大きな流れを整理・記録するとともに,復興を進めるうえでの課題について考察することを目的とする。
2 0 0 0 OA 16. 志賀原発差し止め判決への疑問(F.一般セッション,一般論文発表)
The district court decided that Shika atomic power plant must be stopped to operate. The outline of the main reason of the decision is as follows: The simulated earthquake ground motions used in the earthquake resistant design of power plants, are based on the empirical formulas such as Kanai formula (1966) and Osaki spectrum formula (1978). A little stronger acceleration than the ground motion for the earthquake resistant design was observed at Onagawa atomic power plant of Tohoku electric power Co. Therefore, more acceleration of the earthquake than the assumed earthquake motion for the design possibly attack the Shika power plants as well as the Onagawa and the Shika would be collapsed. However, the judgment underestimates the safety margin of the power plant.
DCP(地区活動継続計画、District Continuity Plan)は東京駅周辺防災隣組(東京駅・有楽町駅周辺地区帰宅困難者対策地域協力会、以下「防災隣組」と略す)の評議委員である東京大学都市工学科小出治教授の提案による取り組みで、地区内の事業所同士、あるいは公共と民間との間で協調的な対策を行うことによって大丸有地区(大手町・丸の内・有楽町地区)の防災活動を担い、企業単独では行いにくい対策を地区として行うことで、地区全体の防災力、業務継続性を高める趣旨の対策である。すなわち、地域としてインフラの安定性や冗長性を高めておけば、帰宅困難者のような移動市民にも被災対応の道を開き、また、個々の企業が担うべき負担を軽減でき(例:電力が停電しないかまたはごく早期に復旧すれば非常用発電の負担は減る)、ひいては(業種・業態にもよるが)バックアップ床への避難を必要としなくなる場合も考えられ、個々の企業のBCP策定のハードルを低くすることもできるわけである。防災隣組の活動の中からDCPが生まれた原因として、このコンセプトが帰宅困難者のような移動中の市民の被災対応に道を開くものであったことがあげられる。従来の防災計画において移動中の市民は例外的な存在として位置づけられており、移動市民の視点を中心に据えた被災対応は充実していないのが実際である。しかし、時代の変化は、例外であったはずの移動市民を多数派にしつつあり、その典型例である帰宅困難者への対応努力が、他の多くの移動市民の利便にも繋がり始めてるといえる。防災隣組では、DCPの具体的指針として、「安定通信」、「安定電源」、「安定トイレ」の3点に力点を置いて日々、地区内の防災活動を進めている。かつて内閣府中央防災会議専門調査会「民間と市場の力を活かした防災力向上に関する専門調査会」において、「ビジネスの延長線上として結果的に防災につながる」防災活動が、社会の防災活動を現状以上に高めるうえで必要であることが指摘されている。今日、防災関係者の蓄積する災害対応のノウハウと、一般市民の持つそれとの間に激しい落差があるが、これは各種の被災対応の普及活動が共通して直面している壁であり、同専門調査会の指摘はこの壁をいかに克服すべきであるかについて的確にとらえたものであると言える。この指摘に合致するような実践活動については、街づくりNPOや町会等でいくつかの試みがあるが、その多くの形は防災以外の活動目的で行われる諸活動が結果的に防災に役立つ、という形態である。一方、防災隣組が取り扱うターミナル駅周辺においては、不特定多数の被災者が使う防災インフラストラクチャーに、いかにして経済合理性を見出し、その実現を諮るかが問題となる。防災隣組の扱うフィールドとしては、特定できる市民より、不特定多数市民の活動合理性が成り立つ形で防災活動を実現する必要が出てくるわけである。平成20年度、総務省「戦略的情報通信研究開発推進制度(SCOPE)地域ICT振興型研究開発」として、「Wimaxの普及を視野においた東京駅周辺業務市街地とCATV電話網の接続による帰宅困難者対応第二通信網の研究開発」が採択され、その結果、平成20年度に東京駅周辺防災隣組に「災害時第二通信網」が試験構築された。「災害時第二通信網」についてはかねてから「災害時第二通信網の構築に向けて」等の研究により、その論理的可能性が言及されていたが、被災時に一次キャリアの輻輳を迂回する通信手段で、かつ、不特定多数の市民が活用しうる非常用通信として、また、それでいて極めて安価に実現できる通信手段として期待されていた。本論文では、災害時第二通信網をはじめとする、将来DCPを実現するために期待を寄せるインフラストラクチャーが、経営上必要とする条件を考察する。その上でDCPに用いるべきインフラストラクチャーの整備の在り方について、逆説的に非防災目的の投資効用で経営を成立させることが必要になることを主張するものである。
Since the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the residents have been hoping activities that reduce the damage of an earthquake, fire fighting, rescue and first aid activities. In this paper, we analyzed the individual rescue activities. As conclusion of this paper, (1) The number of family influences most whether they carry out rescue activities or not. The more the number of family are, the more active they carry out. (2) Moreover by the degree of the damage of a district, the individual rescue activities that influence whether they carry out rescue activities is different.
As the imminence of a large-scale earthquake is said to be rising, an increasing number of organizations is starting to produce their own business continuity plans (BCPs) in both public and private sectors. This paper is to review the status quo of the measures universities generally take against earthquakes and examine how their BCPs could develop and should be.
1 0 0 0 OA 38 地震時における住民による効果的なバケツリレーに関する研究
When a strong earthquake hits a city, a number of fires may occur at the same time and the city would suffer huge damage. The number of fires would exceed the ability of public fire fighting. Therefore, self help of local community including the residents is necessary in order to block the post-earthquake fire spread. This study focuses on the bucket relay against fire that everyone can execute. First, we analyze the mechanism of the bucket relay. Then, we experiment on the bucket relay. Finally, we propose the effective bucket relay from the experiment results.
Tsunami information was announced with the Chile earthquake on February 28, 2010. In some municipalities, those information was delivered to the cellular phone together by using "Area mail" service of NTT DoCoMo. The evacuation order was announced to public for the first time by using "Area mail". We executed the local hearing investigation and the resident questionnaire survey.
In recent years, natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and typhoons have occurred in many places in Japan and many people were suffered from them. In addition, many crimes have also occurred not only in large cities but also local cities, which mean that resident's lives are in danger. To protect residents, it is necessary to give them suitable safety information before and/or in real time. From this point of view, we are developing an information system which can obtain and distribute useful safety and security information to residents by setting watching cameras and digital signages managed by the community. In this study, the author developed a sub-system which can detect the abnormal behavior of people from pictures obtained by cameras which are set in the community.
In urban development, we must make consideration of specific culture of the city formed in the long history and we should have responsibility for the next generation to succeed it. Kashgar located in the northwest of Xinjiang in China is a famous historical city with abundant historical heritages. A traditional district located in central area is one of a few traditional ones to convey the ancient culture, which consists of the traditional architectural houses. However, the traditional environment of the district might been destroyed by urban renovation and seismic retrofitting in these years. We will consider to establish planning and debelopment theory which satisfies three different kinds of planning objects: conservation of the traditional environment, retrofit of traditional houses, and economic development. We report the present situation of the district and discuss the first stage to achieve our purpose.
Recent years in Mie Prefecture, some alternative methods and/or network for Community-based Counter Disaster Capabilities are newly developed; such as DIG(Disaster Imagination Game) in 1997, NAD-MIE(Network Active in Disaster Mie) in 1998, "Hello Volunteers Network MIE" in 1998 and "Sossen-Shimin (Volunteers)" in 1999. These contributions for building of community-based counter disaster capabilities are indirect ones. Although, from our experiences in Mie, these indirect approaches are more suitable for such capacity building than direct approaches such as ordinary disaster drill. Our model will be "Dote no Hanami (party under Cherry Blossom on Bank)," combination of festival (entertainments) and covered purpose for capacity building.
In 2004, it was proved by GIS specialists in industry-government-academic organizations that Geographic Information System (GIS) was a useful and valuable tool for natural disaster management when their GIS project aimed at recovering and reconstructing Chuetsu Earthquake in Niigata prefecture was succeeded. Since this project, we established the organization of social welfare activity, called "the GIS Disaster Information Volunteer", to provide the service for effectively reconstructing and quickly recovering the area damaged by the earthquake. This organization has tired a new approach and method for this disaster reconstruction by preparing and providing geospatial information from the outside the area of the damaged regions with Web-GIS technology. The GIS data used for this activity is created by the volunteers for this organization. In fact, this GIS volunteer activity has succeeded to provide the practical map of the earthquake damaged areas in Fukuoka, Niigata, and Ishikawa prefectures. In this paper, I introduce the current experimental activity for this organization including provision of the Blue Sheet Map utilized by aerial photos.
1 0 0 0 33. 携帯端末による地震防災教育用ゲームの開発
Since 25^<th> June, 2009, the authors have released the new game software for earthquake disaster education on portable game terminal bases to the public market. This paper describes the development process of the software and proposes an educational and training. The paper first tries to identify the general problems of disaster education and training exercise for promoting people's awareness and responding skill to an occurrence of earthquake, and then formulates the conceptual framework to be installed in the software. The paper thus contributes to those who have same interests on a game as a disaster training tool.
A tentative Cyclo-Model to Systematize diverse aspects concerned with disaster reduction and urban reconstruction is proposed in this paper. This cylinder-shaped 3D model aims to be used as a measurement of urban various conditions (physical environments, human activities, and social systems) after the natural disaster and accidents. The plan of the cylinder model shows degrees of each household reconstruction or regional one and the section means the sum. A systematized concept based on the model would contribute the education of disaster reduction and urban reconstruction.
Haiti Earthquake, Mw7.0, was happened in 12 January 2011 and the epicenter was located at 25km west-south-west far from Port-au-Prince, capital city, on Enliquillo Fault System. Port-au-Prince is the biggest city in Haiti and the population of this city is about 3 million. About 233 thousand people was killed and about 300 thousands people was injured due to the earthquake. And about 200 thousands buildings were destroyed and, after the earthquake, about 1200 thousands people were evacuated by using temporary tent houses. We have done a fundamental investigation on ground shaking characteristics by using microtremor measurements at Port-au-Prince for seismic microzoning study. In this paper, we would like to present a foundamental quick result.
In addition to local police departments, many people have become concerned with the recent increase in nonviolent criminal activity within Japan. The purpose of this research is to explain trends in Japanese crime by visualizing relationships between crime-ridden areas and the characteristics of the surrounding environment.
Japan frequently suffers from all types of disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, floods, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. One of the most essential ways to reduce the damage of natural disasters is to educate the general public to let them understand what is going on during the disasters. This leads individual to make the sound decision on what to do to prevent or reduce the damage. ERI, the Earthquake Research Institute, is qualified by MEXT (the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) to develop education for earthquake disaster prevention in the Tokyo metropolitan area to work with an elementary school as a model to adopt scientific education. A magnitude 7 or greater earthquake beneath this area is recently evaluated to occur with a probability of 70% in 30 years. To better understand earthquakes in this region, "Special Project for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in Tokyo Metropolitan Area" has been conducted mainly by ERI. It is a 4-year project to develop a high-density network with 400 sites at local elementary schools. We start our education project by using the real seismograms observed at their own schoolyards, putting emphasis on the reality and causality of earthquake disaster.
Establishing a national response system for Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) is now on the way in Japan. This paper reports a survey on Disaster City^<[○!R]>, which is a world-famous comprehensive US&R training facility constructed and build and operated by TEEX (Texas Engineering Extention Service) in Texas, U.S.A. As the result, the key points of facility components, arrangements, layouts are shown with the system to run the facility, and the unique characteristic of US&R training facilities are specified. Discussions are made on the constraints and advantages of introducing such kind of training facility in Japan, and the necessity to consider training resources in a system together with the actual response resources is shown.