著者

阿部 邦昭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.11-17, 1996-05-24 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

8

---

Focusing effect of islands on the 1983 Nihonkai-chubu (central part of the Japan Sea) earthquake tsunami was identified at eight coasts facing to islands from peak formations of the maximum inundation heights. Defining parameters of the peak height (H) at a coastal focus, the background average height (H0), the peak width (Wd), the coastal focus distance from the island (L) and the island size (L0), we discussed relations among them. As the result peak width Wd is approximated asWd/L0=0.43 (L/L0)1.0Amplification ratio H/H0 is about 1.5 for islands of epicentral distances smaller than 400km and shows an increase with the epicentral distance for islands of epicentral distances larger than 400km. These facts are explained as a focusing effect of islands on tsunamis, in which incident wave, refracted in a sloped region around the island after divided into two, superposes on each other in the back side. In islands distant from the source the incident wave is coherent and the amplification ratio increase. The amplification ratio and relative peak width are compared with those in the another focusing effect, previously found on the 1993 Hokkaido nansei-oki earthquake tsunami. The similar proportionality of peak width and amplification ratio between two tsunamis suggest that the amplification is caused by the same mechanism.

著者

石橋 克彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.291-302, 1997-12-12 (Released:2010-03-09)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1

---

The 1782 August 23 Ten'mei Odawara earthquake, magnitude 7.2-7.3, is one of the three M7-class earthquakes that occurred beneath the Odawara area on the northwestern coast of Sagami Bay, the Pacific coast of central Japan, since the 17th century. Two other events, the 1633 Kan'ei and 1853 Ka'ei Odawara earthquakes, were definitely accompanied by tsunamis and their rupture zones are estimated to have lain just beneath Odawara, a seashore city in the area, extending both inland and offshore directions. This estimation is in agreement with the fact that the 1633 and 1853 earthquake ground motions at Odawara were very strong. On the other hand, the 1782 Ten'mei Odawara earthquake had been considered to have been non-tsunamigenic after critical readings of historical documents by a few investigators, and its source region had been inferred to be situated inland north of Odawara city. TSUJI (1986), however, claimed that the 1782 earthquake generated a tsunami and estimated that the tsunami height was 4 m at a fishing village, Ajiro, based on the examination of two newly found historical documents. He estimated a nearly 30 km-long tsunami source region south off the Odawara coast in addition to the inland rupture zone. Tsuji's interpretation yields a north-south extent of faulting too long to be consistent with an M7-class earthquake. It also conflicts with the fact that the 1782 earthquake ground motion was not the heaviest at Odawara, which strongly suggests that Odawara was not just above the rupture zone. TSUJI (1986) reported at the same time that Atami, a seaside town between Ajiro and Odawara, was not struck by a tsunami in 1782, which seems unreasonable from the viewpoint of tsunami behavior; actually, at the time of the 1633 earthquake the estimated tsunami height at Atami was 4-5 m, whereas that at Ajiro was 3-4 m. Whether the 1782 Ten'mei Odawara earthquake generated a tsunami or not is very important for not only the estimation of its rupture zone, but also the seismotectonics of the series of Odawara earthquakes. TSUJI (1986) drew his conclusion by very intricate interpretation of two historical documents which don't give any explicit description of a tsunami at Ajiro in 1782 at all. In this paper I reexamine the two documents more carefully and address the difficulties in Tsuji's conclusion. By referring to various materials describing the history of Ajiro village from the 17th to the mid-19th centuries, I clarify that TSUJI (1986) misread vague, rather general, descriptions of huge waves due to storms as a tsunami. Thus, I reject the suggestion that the 1782 Ten'mei Odawara earthquake generated a tsunami, and I conclude that its source region is inland north of Odawara city.

著者

宇津 徳治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.369-371, 1972-01-31 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

2

著者

都司 嘉宣 上田 和枝 佐竹 健治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.1-17, 1998-07-03 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

3

---

From midnight of January 27, 1700 to noon of the next day, abnormal sea level changes were recorded at several locations on the Pacific coast of Japan. We previously interpreted these as tsunamis from a giant earthquake in the Cascadia subduction zone, off the west coast of North America. In this paper, we report our detailed examinations of the original documents recording the tsunamis, including the reliability of the documents themselves. The tsunamis were described in six independent documents, mostly local government records. No one was injured or killed at any location. In Miyako, 20 houses were burned and 13 houses were destroyed by the tsunami. At Otsuchi, a few houses and rice paddies were damaged. In Tanabe, the government storage house was inundated. The tsunamis were first noticed just before midnight of the 27th at Miyako and Otsuchi, and the next morning at the other localities. We estimated the tsunami heights from descriptions in the documents, after accounting for tide levels and vertical crustal movements of coasts since 1700. The latter correction is difficult and the uncertainty is large. The estimated tsunami heights were: 4m at Kuwagasaki, 3.2m at Tsugaruishi, both in Miyako, 3.3m at Otsuchi, 1m at Nakaminato, 1.0-1.7m at Miho, and 3.3 and 5.4m at two locations in Tanabe. We also examined the weather records for January 26-29 and found no abnormal description, ruling out the possibility of meteorological origin. Lack of regional earthquakes on these days and the tsunami height distribution indicate that the tsunami came across the Pacific Ocean. We then estimate the tsunami magnitude, Mt, for each possible tsunami source around the Pacific. The result shows that the size of earthquake that generated the tsunami was M9 wherever the source was. We examined historical data and paleoseismological results in the possible regions and confirmed that the tsunami source was the Cascadia subduction zone, and that the origin time was around 9PM on January 26, 1700 local time.

著者

宇津 徳治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.226-227, 1966-12-25 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

著者

瀬野 徹三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.Supplement, pp.357-364, 2009-07-31 (Released:2013-11-21)

参考文献数

96

被引用文献数

1 2

---

History of studies of intraslab seismicity and its generation mechanisms, since the work by Wadati, is reviewed. Through the initial stage of studies of morphology of the intraslab seismicity, there followed the stage of discussion of focal mechanisms and terminal depths by mechanics and temperature of the slab. In 1970s, double seismic zones were discovered and their generation mechanisms were discussed in terms of bending or thermal stresses. In recent years, to overcome a difficulty that very high pressure prevents intraslab seismicity, dehydration embrittlement and phase transformation have been invoked for the mechanisms of intermediate and deep earthquakes, respectively. If the intermediate seismicity represents dehydration, it may give us a key to understand the distribution of fluids to the upper plate and to the seismogenic interplate thrusts, and finally to understand tectonics and volcanism in subduction zones.

著者

多田 堯

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.427-433, 1982-09-25 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

2

---

An anomalous crustal uplift was observed at the west coast of Boso Peninsula. The crustal uplift began at the same time as the mining of mountain rock which began about ten years ago.It seems that the crustal uplift is the result of the elastic recovery deformation of the earth's crust caused by the man-made surface unloading.An elastic modulus of the uppermost earth's crust estimated by the total amounts of crustal uplift and mined rock is about 1-2×1011dyne/cm2.

著者

大見 士朗 和田 博夫 伊藤 潔

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.415-420, 2001-12-25 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

8

著者

上嶋 誠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.Supplement, pp.225-238, 2009-07-31 (Released:2013-11-21)

参考文献数

134

被引用文献数

2 3

---

Owing to significant developments in instrumentations, data processing methods and modeling schemes, prospecting electrical conductivity structure with the aid of the magnetotelluric method has become one of the standard geophysical techniques for elucidating dynamics of subsurface crustal activities such as earthquake occurrence and volcanic eruptions. In this paper, after brief introduction of the magnetotelluric method, recent 10-yaer progress of the method and its experiments in crustal active areas in Japan were reviewed. Since electrical conductivity is especially sensitive to the existence of the interstitial fluids and their connectivity, together with existence of high temperature areas, the survey results deepened our understandings for generation mechanisms of earthquakes, seismic faults, localized strain accumulations and volcanic eruptions.

著者

安芸 敬一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.317-319, 2005-02-20 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

---

Looking back at the last 100 years of seismology, we are most impressed by the great contrast between the complexity of the first observed seismograms and the simplicity of the first theoretical seismogram calculated by Lamb. This complexity of the observed seismogram has made seismology a vital branch of earth sciences. If Lamb was able to explain the observed seismogram then, we would not be celebrating the centennial of Lamb's problem.

著者

瀬野 徹三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.461-477, 1994-03-14 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

1

---

Tectonics of the Taiwan region is reviewed. Relative plate motions so far obtained are described and rated. The most reliable solution gives 7.4cm/yr Philippine Sea-Eurasian motion in the N50°W direction in central Taiwan. Plate boundary geometries and modes of plate consumption in the region are discussed on the basis of geophysical, geological and geomorphological data. The major thrust zones at the Western Foothills and the Longitudinal Valley constitute mechanical plate boundaries, but a considerable fraction of the relative plate motion is also consumed by the strike-slip faulting off the southeast coast of Taiwan.The cause for the occurrence of the strike-slip faulting off the southeast coast of Taiwan is discussed based on the various models so far proposed. The bending of the Philippine Sea plate due to the subduction at the Ryukyu Trench and the collision in the Longitudinal Valley are similar to the tectonics of the Izu Peninsula region in Japan, and are the most likely cause for the strike-slip faulting.The reconstruction of the motion and plate boundaries in the vicinity of Taiwan for the past 4-6m. y. is reviewed. The Philippine Sea-Eurasian motion for the past 4 Ma is similar to the present one. The motion prior to 4 Ma may be more northward than present due to the absence of subduction at the Philippine Trench. The Luzon arc started to collide with the continental margin of S. E. China around 4 Ma.

著者

井田 喜明 山口 勝 増谷 文雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.111-121, 1986-03-25 (Released:2010-11-17)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

---

Seismic data obtained in Kirishima Volcano Observatory thruogh June, 1982 to August, 1985 were analyzed to reveal the nature of recent earthquakes in Kirishima volcano. In this period, signifucant earhquakes swarms were observed repeatedly in three regions around Shinmoe cone, Ohgiri hot-spring area and Ohnami-ike crator lake. Seismicities in these Fault plane solutions show that a north-west to south-east extensional stress is dominant in Ohgiri and Shinmoe, while Ohnami-ike regions has earthquakes that represent a strike a slip fault motion along a line extending north-west to south-east. These events in Ohnami-ike are explained as a displacement across the fault to adjust the extentional deformation in Ohgiri and Shinmoe.

著者

鷺谷 威 西村 卓也 畑中 雄樹 福山 英一 L. ELLSWORTH

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.4, pp.523-534, 2002-04-25 (Released:2010-03-09)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2 12

---

The 2000 Western Tottori Earthquake occurred on October 6, 2000, in the border of Tottori-Shimane prefectures. Japanese nationwide continuous GPS array recorded coseismic as well as postseismic crustal movements due to the earthquake. The maximum coseismic displacement observed was about 17cm. The coseismic deformation pattern clearly demonstrates a left-lateral strike slip source mechanism, which is consistent with seismic data analysis results. Leveling surveys around the focal region revealed up to 15cm vertical displacement near the source fault. GPS sites northeast of the source region were displaced up to 2cm to the northeast during 3 months after the earthquake, while a GPS site on the other side moved to the south by 2cm. Crustal deformation data are inverted to estimate two types of static fault models. One is a single rectangular fault model which can reproduce the coseismic displacement vectors observed by GPS. The other fault model, whose geometry is derived from precise re-determination of aftershocks, provides detailed information on slip distribution. We need to supplement subfaults in the shallower (depth<4km) parts to the original fault model in order to explain leveling change data, which implies systematic bias in the hypocenter depth or a full relaxation of stress by the main shock. Estimated moment magnitude were 6.6 and 6.7 for the two models, consistent with waveform inversion analysis.

著者

羽鳥 徳太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.215-221, 1988-06-25 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Three Nankaido earthquakes which occurred near the Nankai Trough in 1707 (Hoei 4), 1854 (Ansei 1) and 1946 (Showa 21) hit the West Japan and the Wakayama, Tokushima and Kochi coasts, facing the Pacific Ocean, have suffered severe damage from large tsunamis. Inundation heights along these coasts were surveyed by the author (HATORI, 1978, 1980, 1981). In this paper, we investigate the tsunami behaviors in the Seto Inland Sea and Bungo Channel on the basis of newly collected documents. The obtained results are as follows:1) Inundation heights (above M. S. L.) of the 1946 tsunami at the coasts facing the Bungo Channel were 1-3 meters, and heights at the south region of channel were large. The inundation heights of the 1707 Hoei and 1854 Ansei tsunamis have reached 3-4 meters.2) According to the refraction diagram of the 1946 tsunami, the wave-fronts propagated into the Seto Inland Sea through the Kii and Bungo Channels meet the central part about 3 hours after the earthquake occerrence. The inundation heights about 1 meter were uniformly distributed.3) The inundation heights of the 1707 Hoei and 1854 Ansei tsunamis in the western to central parts of the Seto Inland Sea were about 1.5 meters, but those in the eastern part were 2-3 meters. This behavior seems to be caused by the differences of tsunami heights between both channls and the propagated distances. For each Nankaido tsunami, the inundation heights along the coasts facing the Kii Channel were 1-2 meters larger than those of the Bungo Channel.Althogh tsunami heights in the Seto Inland Sea were small compared with those of the Pacific side, many salt fields along the coast were damaged both by earthquakes and tsunamis. Further more, velocity of the tidal current was locally fast, and many sailors were shipwrecked in straits of the Inland Sea. In future, it is indispensable to take precautions against the effect of tidal currents.

著者

田村 理納 宮澤 理稔

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.99-111, 2017-03-10 (Released:2017-05-16)

参考文献数

45

---

We investigated the triggering process for the Mj6.4 Eastern Shizuoka earthquake of 15 March 2011, which occurred 4 days after the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and about 4 minutes after the Mj6.2 Fukushima-Oki earthquake. The static Coulomb failure stress change on the fault of the Eastern Shizuoka earthquake from the Tohoku-Oki earthquake, was about 20 kPa, and the largest dynamic stress change by the passing surface waves was about 200 kPa. The largest dynamic stress change from the Fukushima-Oki earthquake and the largest tidal stress change after the Tohoku-Oki and before the Eastern Shizuoka earthquake were about 0.3 kPa and 1.4 kPa, respectively, while those at the onset of the Eastern Shizuoka earthquake were at most 0.01 kPa and −0.5 kPa, respectively. We also analyzed seismicity by detecting earthquakes immediately preceding the Eastern Shizuoka earthquake, which is done using a matched filter technique. A single M1.0 event that occurred about 17 hours before the Eastern Shizuoka earthquake and located about 3 km NNE from the hypocenter was found, however, this event may not be classified as a foreshock if we consider the background seismicity in this region before 2011. We propose that the seismic cycle was possibly advanced by about 101 to 102 years and delayed triggering might have occurred for the Eastern Shizuoka earthquake. The eventual earthquake was ready to occur to some extent, when the Tohoku-Oki earthquake occurred. The fault strength had significantly decreased due to imposed large dynamic and static stress changes from the Tohoku-Oki earthquake and probably its large aftershocks, in terms of a rate and state dependent friction law.

著者

川崎 一朗 加藤 照之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.11-22, 2016-07-10 (Released:2016-11-10)

参考文献数

40

---

The way to have another look at earthquake prediction/forecast researches in Japan is discussed from a border between the seismology and the history and philosophy of science. Scientific revolution is often symbolically expressed as the shift of the paradigm, idea of which was introduced by Thomas Kuhn. In the field of earthquake prediction research, here we tentatively define its paradigm as a combination of the following ideas - though these would be too humble :1) plate tectonics, 2) asperity or distribution of frictional strength on a fault surface, 3) constitutive law of friction, 4) numerical simulations of precursory process, and 5) observation system of crustal deformation prior to a large earthquake. The case for the paradigm is that any of convincing precursors to a large earthquake has not been observed yet, and, the distribution of frictional strength on a fault surface, in particular, on the subducting plate boundary, is not precisely estimated. Our history of modern seismology is too short to resolve such observational problems. Given that essence of the progress in science is the repetition of proposal of hypotheses and its verification or its rejection, scientists are strongly obliged to propose new hypotheses based on new findings and discoveries to be tested and discussed. Even if the result does not occur along prediction/forecast, it should be appreciated as the science if their scientific context is acceptable. Progressive theory that prevails over degressive one, in the meaning of “research program” theorem proposed by Lakatos Imre, will stimulate the earthquake prediction research in Japan, for which the authors truly believe in. Individual researchers working on the prediction/forecast researches are responsible only for their scientific context. Administrative organizations of seismologists such as the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion and the Coordinating Committee for Earthquake Prediction should take a responsibility for our society.

著者

加藤 護

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.71-75, 2023-07-06 (Released:2023-09-27)

参考文献数

16

著者

加藤 護

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.6, pp.163-167, 2016-03-10 (Released:2016-05-19)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2 2

著者

寒川 旭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.15-24, 1986-03-25 (Released:2010-11-17)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

3 2

---

The Kandayama tumulus is located in the eastern part of the Osaka okain. Crossing this tumulus is the N-S trending Konda fault, which has displaced river terraces and middle Pleistocene deposits. Just on the fault, the bank of the tumulus was upthrown eastward, and the north-western corner of the burial mound arumbled in.These facts show that the latest displacement of the fault occured after the construction of the tumulus. The Kondayama tumulus is presumed to be the tomb of the Emperor Ohjin and constructed in the 4th or 5th centry. The earthquake of 1510 is the only big earthquake recorded in this region, which destroyed the neighbouring Fujiidera temple. The displacement of the tumulus is presumed to have been caused by this earthquake.The magnitude of the earthquake is estimated M7. 1 judguing from the maximum displacement (1. 8m) of the bank of the tumulus. The mean rate of the Konada fault is calcurated 0. 25-0. 4m/103 and the recurrence interval of the earthquake is assumed 5000-7500y.

著者

千釜 章 多田 省一郎 青沼 正光

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.61-73, 1998-07-03 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

2 2

---

Some specific legends and traces related with historical tsunamis have been handed down among the people in the northern part of Honshu, Japan. Examples are the forest of Hiba buried by a large amount of sand and the resettlement of villages damaged by tsunamis in Shimokita Peninsula, the northeast Honshu. The aim of this paper is to reexamine their reliability by compiling old documents and results from numerical simulation of tsunamis. Results from old documents combined with numerical simulation suggest that the legends at the age of Tensho and Kan-ei period would be associated with not tsunamis but floods. And the story of damage at Tanabu town by the 1611 Keicho tsunami causing resettlement to a higher place is not reliable because the simulated tsunami could not reach the locations of the village. The sequence of events of sand transport to bury Hiba forest at four different ages could be found by filed investigation and result of dating of 14C. The ages do not correspond to the tsunami events. Such process can be explained by a formation of sand dune, meaning that a large amount of sand movement should not be caused by tsunamis.