著者

小林 一樹 山田 誠二

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.63-72, 2006 (Released:2006-01-06)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 3

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In this paper, we first propose a novel interaction model, CEA (Commands Embedded in Actions). It can explain the way how some existing systems reduce the work-load of their user. We next extend the CEA and build ECEA (Extended CEA) model. The ECEA enables robots to achieve more complicated tasks. On this extension, we employ ACS (Action Coding System) which can describe segmented human acts and clarifies the relationship between user's actions and robot's actions in a task. The ACS utilizes the CEA's strong point which enables a user to send a command to a robot by his/her natural action for the task. The instance of the ECEA led by using the ACS is a temporal extension which has the user keep a final state of a previous his/her action. We apply the temporal extension of the ECEA for a sweeping task. The high-level task, a cooperative task between the user and the robot can be realized. The robot with simple reactive behavior can sweep the region of under an object when the user picks up the object. In addition, we measure user's cognitive loads on the ECEA and a traditional method, DCM (Direct Commanding Method) in the sweeping task, and compare between them. The results show that the ECEA has a lower cognitive load than the DCM significantly.

著者

上田 修功

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.299-308, 2001 (Released:2002-02-28)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

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When learning a nonlinear model, we suffer from two difficulties in practice: (1) the local optima, and (2) appropriate model complexity determination problems. As for (1), I recently proposed the split and merge Expectation Maximization (SMEM) algorithm within the framework of the maximum likelihood by simulataneously spliting and merging model components, but the model complexity was fixed there. To overcome these problems, I first formally derive an objective function that can optimize a model over parameter and structure distributions simultaneously based on the variational Bayesian approach. Then, I device a Bayesian SMEM algorithm to e.ciently optimize the objective function. With the proposed algorithm, we can find the optimal model structure while avoiding being trapped in poor local maxima. I apply the proposed method to the learning of a mixture of experts model and show the usefulness of the method.

著者

小林 大祐 松村 真宏 石塚 満

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第20回全国大会(2006)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3, 2006 (Released:2006-12-07)

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ユーザからの質問にユーザが答える知識検索サイトでは、サイトの質を高めるために不適切な質問や回答を減らすことが重要である。また、フィルタリングのコストや人により異なる基準も問題である。本研究では人手でフィルタリングされた投稿から、フィルタリングの際に暗黙的に用いられる分類知識を表出化し、フィルタリングの自動化と分類知識の共有を試みる。

著者

清水 仁 松林 達史 納谷 太

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.AG16-F_1-8, 2017

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<p>In this research, we show a paradox of the "theme park" problem. In the crowded amusement park, it is generally believed that the equalization of queue lines of people can decrease the waiting time for riding on attraction. However, the equalization of queue lines occasionally increases the waiting time in the case where congestion degree is over the limit of capacity. This paradox makes it difficult to reduce congestion. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the waiting time even in the "theme park paradox" situation, and evaluate effectiveness of our method by multiagent simulation.</p>

著者

荒井 弘毅

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.B-H32_1-7, 2018-05-01 (Released:2018-05-01)

参考文献数

14

---

In this paper, we analyzed individuals’ perceptions of the roles of intelligent machines and systems based on the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in 2015 and 2016 on artificial intelligence, robots, and other “intelligent machines and systems.” In conclusion, 1) human labor was not strongly supported for so-called public goods and services such as disaster prevention and military jobs, rather than leaving these tasks to machines. 2) In support of existing research, child-rearing was seen as women’s responsibility as in the present situation, considering that women and children benefit from the parenting experience. In addition, university graduates with high flexibility for social option and creative capacity are perceived to benefit from human-powered jobs, especially in tasks that require human responsibility or where the cost of implementing intelligent machines and systems would be expensive. Also, some tasks, such as music, are viewed as preferentially human tasks. 3) After taking into consideration endogenous in the regression, such as for child rearing and nursing care, overall, individuals perceived that childcare should not be left to machines, although nursing care was considered to possibly benefit from the use of machines.

著者

寺岡 丈博 東中 竜一郎 岡本 潤 石崎 俊

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.335-346, 2013 (Released:2013-04-12)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4

---

Metonymy is a figure of speech, where one item's name represents another item which usually has a close relation with the first one. Metonymic expressions need to be correctly detected and interpreted because sentences including such expressions have different meanings from literal ones; computer systems may output inappropriate results in natural language processing. In previous studies, detecting metonymies has been done mainly by taking one of the following two approaches: rule-based approach and statistical one. The former uses semantic networks and rules to interpret metonymy. The latter uses corpus-based metonymy resolution with machine learning techniques. One of the problems of the current metonymy detection is that using mainly syntactic and semantic information may not be enough to detect metonymic expressions because it has been pointed out that metonymic expressions have relations to associative relations between words. In this paper, we propose an associative approach for detecting them. By using associative information between words in a sentence, we train a decision tree to detect metonymic expressions in a sentence. We evaluated our method by comparing with four baseline methods based on previous studies that use a thesaurus or co-occurrence information. Experimental results show that our method has significantly better accuracy (0.83) of judging metonymic expressions than those of the baselines. It also achieves better recall (0.73), precision (0.85), and F-measure (0.79) in detecting Japanese metonymic expressions, achieving state-of-the-art performance.

著者

西垣 貴央 新田 克己 小野田 崇

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.D-FB1_1-13, 2016-07-01 (Released:2016-08-03)

参考文献数

32

---

In this paper, we propose a constrained independent topic analysis in text mining. Independent topic analysis is a method for extracting mutually independent topics from the text data by using the independent component analysis. In the independent topic analysis, it is possible to obtain the most independent topics. However, these obtained topics may differ from the ones wanted by user. For example, it is assumed resultant three topics, topic A and topic B and topic C. If a content of topic A and topic B is thought to be close, user wants to merge the topic A and topic B as one of the topic D. In addition, when user wants to analyze topic A in more detail, user would like to separate topic A to topic E and topic F. In that case, method which can incorporate these requests of the user is required. To that end, we define the Merge Link constraints and Separate Link constraints. Merge Link constraints is a constraint that merges two topics in a single topic. Separate Link constraint is a constraint that separates one of the topics in the two topics. In this paper, we propose a method of obtaining a highly independent topic that meet these constraints. We conducted evaluation experiments on proposed methods, and obtained results to show the effectiveness of our approach.

著者

熊谷 充敏 岩田 具治

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.D-H92_1-9, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-03-01)

参考文献数

33

---

We propose probabilistic models for predicting future classifiers given labeled data with timestamps collected until the current time. In some applications, the decision boundary changes over time. For example, in activity recognition using sensor data, the decision boundary can vary since user activity patterns dynamically change. Existing methods require additional labeled and/or unlabeled data to learn a time-evolving decision boundary. However, collecting these data can be expensive or impossible. By incorporating time-series models to capture the dynamics of a decision boundary, the proposed model can predict future classifiers without additional data. We developed two learning algorithms for the proposed model on the basis of variational Bayesian inference. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with experiments using synthetic and real-world data sets.

著者

福島 宙輝 田中 茂範

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.AI30-N_1-8, 2016-11-01 (Released:2017-12-20)

参考文献数

15

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The perceptual domain of taste presents a symbol-grounding problem in which language does not capture the target domain straightforwardly. We suggest that analogy, defined as a process of finding relevance in a metaphorical expression, is a key to handling the problem in the domain of taste. In this study, we took up sound symbolism as a case of expressing the tastes of wine and sake, and did a quantitative text analysis to demonstrate how sound symbolic expressions function in the description of wine and sake (word count of wine text: 201,294; word count of sake: 50,147). The text analysis showed both similarities and differences between the two texts. In both texts, sound symbolism is used as a means of increasing the expressive power of general and abstract words referring to the tastes of wine and sake. In the sake text, however, the use of sound symbolism was dominant in the pre-taste and post-taste stages, while in the wine text, expressions of complex tastes were highly sound symbolic. The different functions of sound symbolism presumably correspond to the differences between wine and sake in terms of the manner of tasting.

著者

左文字 響 渡邉 真也

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.E-GB1_1-12, 2017

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<p>In this paper, a new local search approach using a search history in evolutionary multi-criterion optimization (EMO) is proposed. This approach was designed by two opposite mechanisms (escaping from local optima and convergence search) and assumed to incorporate these into an usual EMO algorithm for strengthening its search ability. The main feature of this approach is to perform a high efficient search by changing these mechanisms according to the search condition. If the search situation seems to be stagnated, escape mechanism would be applied for shifting search point from this one to another one. On the other hand, if it observes no sign of the improvement of solutions after repeating this escape mechanism for a fixed period, convergence mechanism is applied to improve the quality of solution through an intensive local search. This paper presents a new approach, called "escaping from local optima and convergence mechanisms based on search history - SPLASH -". Experimental results showed the effectiveness of SPLASH and the workings of SPLASH's two mechanisms using WFG test suites.</p>

著者

那須川 哲哉 Tetsuya Nasukawa

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (ISSN:09128085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.219-225, 2001-03-01

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

32

著者

王 元元 丸山 直樹 河合 由起子 秋山 豊和 角谷 和俊

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.WII-I_1-11, 2017-01-06 (Released:2017-01-25)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

---

Twitter evidently stirred a popular trend of personal update sharing. Twitter users can be kept up to date with current information from Twitter; however, users cannot obtain the most recent information, while they browse web pages since these are not updated in real time. Meanwhile, there are many events happen at any time such as crowded restaurants and time sales in different floors or areas at composite facilities in urban areas. To solve them, it is thought that an appropriate method is to detect tweets of small-scale facilities at a composite facility to enrich their traditional web pages. Therefore, we developed a tweet visualization system to support users grasp event happens over time and space from tweets while they browse any web pages based on spatio-temporal analysis of tweets. In order to detect and analyze tweets of a composite facility, the system maps geo-tagged tweets to web pages by matching their location names, and classifies the tweets into different categories of small-scale facilities by utilizing machine learning algorithms. Thus, the system can visualize tweets in a tag cloud is associated with a web page to help users immediately gain a quick overview of events through space and time while they browse this web page, and it can also effectively present a list of most related tweets to help users obtain more detailed information about events. In this paper, we discuss our spatio-temporal analysis method and we have also included an evaluation of tweet classification into small-scale facilities and tag cloud generation that feature words of tweets are changed over time.

著者

田中 謙司

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第22回全国大会(2008)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.363, 2008 (Released:2009-07-31)

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国内書籍市場は約9500億円で、95年をピークに毎年2.5%の減少が続いている。これらは外的要因としてネット利用の急増など環境的な要因もあるが、まずは内的要因として返本率40%以上という非効率な流通システムの改善が必要とされている。出版社、卸、書店を加えると2万社以上となる業界プレイヤーが各社最適を目指してきた結果である。 そこれ我々は、業界全体最適の観点から業界統合データを準備し、これに分析した売上予測を加えた情報を各プレイヤーへ共有する研究プロジェクトを進めてきた。本研究では、書店の売上期待値が最大化となる展示ジャンル構成、展示タイトルを提案する支援システムを作成し、実際に書店での実証を行い効果を検証する。

著者

村上 明子

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能 (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.122-126, 2017-01-01

著者

伊藤 詩乃 田中 佑岳 狩野 芳伸 榊原 康文

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.F-AI30Ge_1-10, 2017

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<p>31 巻6 号AI30-G(2016 年)の論文において、本文引用箇所がすべて[?]として公開されているため、正しい情報を次ページより掲載します.</p>

著者

吉澤 大樹 橋本 周司

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.309-315, 2001 (Released:2002-02-28)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 3

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This paper shows statistical analyses of the search-space landscape of travelling salesman problems in due consideration of stochastic optimization. It is known from existing works that travelling salesman problems have landscape called “a rugged landscape” and “big valley structure”. This work reveals more detailed structure of the landscape. We deal with the 1000 travelling salesman problems of 6 to 9 cities where the cities are arranged randomly and a travelling salesman problem of 100 cities. It is assumed that the rugged landscape is a combination of the global valleylike structure and the local noiselike structure. Each of them is characterized by the statistical properties of the search-space landscape, that is, the global valleylike structure has linearity with the distance (in this case, the bond distance) from the optimum, and the variance of the local noiselike structure increase monotonously with the distance from the optimum. On the other side correlation of the tours with the costs close upon the optimum cost is low. For this reason to combine the genetic search with the local search is supported. Even if the number of cities and the definition of the intercity cost value are changed, the structure of the landscape has the same feature. Although the number of the cities of the examined travelling salesman problems is not large, obtained results seem to be universal. It is forecasted that not only travelling salesman problems but also many practical problems have the structure which is characterized with the same measure. These results are useful to compose more effective optimization methods without trial and error.

著者

桐山 伸也 大谷 尚史 Ruuska Heikki 竹林 洋一

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第22回全国大会(2008)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.380, 2008 (Released:2009-07-31)

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コモンセンス知識とそれを用いた常識推論の長期的基礎研究を進めている。音声を機軸に人間の内面的思考に踏み込んで行動を記述する音声行動コーパスを構築し、Minskyの階層的思考モデルに基づく常識推論システムのフレームワークを検討した。

著者

西銘 大喜 遠藤 聡志 當間 愛晃 山田 孝治 赤嶺 有平

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.F-H34_1-8, 2017

被引用文献数

6

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<p>Facial expressions play an important role in communication as much as words. In facial expression recognition by human, it is difficult to uniquely judge, because facial expression has the sway of recognition by individual difference and subjective recognition. Therefore, it is difficult to evaluate the reliability of the result from recognition accuracy alone, and the analysis for explaining the result and feature learned by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) will be considered important. In this study, we carried out the facial expression recognition from facial expression images using CNN. In addition, we analysed CNN for understanding learned features and prediction results. Emotions we focused on are "happiness", "sadness", "surprise", "anger", "disgust", "fear" and "neutral". As a result, using 32286 facial expression images, have obtained an emotion recognition score of about 57%; for two emotions (Happiness, Surprise) the recognition score exceeded 70%, but Anger and Fear was less than 50%. In the analysis of CNN, we focused on the learning process, input and intermediate layer. Analysis of the learning progress confirmed that increased data can be recognised in the following order "happiness", "surprise", "neutral", "anger", "disgust", "sadness" and "fear". From the analysis result of the input and intermediate layer, we confirmed that the feature of the eyes and mouth strongly influence the facial expression recognition, and intermediate layer neurons had active patterns corresponding to facial expressions, and also these activate patterns do not respond to partial features of facial expressions. From these results, we concluded that CNN has learned the partial features of eyes and mouth from input, and recognise the facial expression using hidden layer units having the area corresponding to each facial expression.</p>

著者

山下 諒 朴 炳宣 松下 光範

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.WII-D_1-11, 2017

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<p>The purpose of this research is supporting information access based on the contents of comic books. To meet this purpose, it is necessary to obtain information related to the story and the characters of a comic. We propose a method to extract information from reviews on the Web by using term frequency-inversed document frequency (TFIDF) method and hierarchical Latent Dirichlet Allocation (hLDA) method, which intends to solve the problem. By using these methods, we build a prototype system for exploratory comic search. We conducted a user study to observe how a participant use the system. The user study showed that the system successfully supported the participants to find interesting unread comics.</p>

著者

ジメネス フェリックス 加納 政芳 吉川 大弘 古橋 武

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.D-G51_1-12, 2017-03-01 (Released:2017-03-01)

参考文献数

29

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This paper sought to examine how behavior of a robot can prompt learning by observing in collaborative learning. The robot learns while solving a problem issued by an English vocabulary learning system with a human learner. The learning system presents English words in example sentences and uses a scaffolding function that helps the learner guess the meaning of English words in the example sentence upon a user request. The robot was designed to solve the questions by using scaffolding function and could not answer correctly at beginning. However, the robot change its question-answering method by guessing the meanings of English words in example sentences and improve its accuracy as learning progressed. This behavior of robot can prompt learners to learn by observing in collaborative learning. Ten college students with low level English learned using the English vocabulary learning system with robot for two months and were videoed during that time to see how they learned. We found that learners learned the English vocabulary by using scaffolding function at beginning. However, learners changed their learning method form using scaffolding function to guessing the meanings of English words in English sentences by learning progress. This suggests that robot, which changes the question-solving method to a more effective one and increases its accuracy rate as learning progress, prompts learners to learning by observing in collaborative learning and change their learning method to the more effective one. This learning by observing indicates that learners learn how to guess the meanings of English words in English sentences by observing the robot’s question-solving and speaking. However, the robot does not prompt some learners to learning by observing because they feel lousy that the robot answers the question and improves its accuracy rate, so they ignore what the robot says. Additionally, learners interest in robot decrease when robot performs the same action.