著者

Mitsutoshi Kurosaka Shuichi Machida

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.3, pp.537-540, 2012-09-25 (Released:2012-10-23)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 1

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Skeletal muscle injury is generally caused by stimuli, such as intense resistance training, eccentric muscle contraction, muscle strain and bruising. Injured skeletal muscles are repaired within several weeks after injury, because skeletal muscle has a remarkable capacity for muscle regeneration. Cellular and molecular events underlying the regenerative processes are mainly regulated by myogenic stem cells and inflammatory cells. The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for muscle regeneration. In this review, focus will be given to the critical roles of satellite cells and macrophages during muscle regeneration. In addition, the satellite cell responses to exercise are also discussed.

著者

Norio Motohashi Matthew S. Alexander Louis M. Kunkel

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.151-154, 2012-05-25 (Released:2012-08-22)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

2

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Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the mammalian body and is composed of multinucleated fibers that contract to generate force and movement. In addition, skeletal muscle has the ability to regenerate following severe damage by exercise, toxins or disease. Regeneration is possible because of the presence of mononucleated precursor cells called satellite cells. After injury, satellite cells are activated, proliferate, and fuse with the damaged fibers or fuse together to form new myofibers. A fraction of satellite cells self-renew and behave as muscle stem cells. Although satellite cells are the main players in muscle regeneration, a number of other cell types are also recruited to form new fibers or to modulate the behavior of satellite cells. Here we present an overview of current knowledge of regeneration focusing on muscle satellite cells and other stem cells and discussing promising stem cell therapy for diseases such as muscular dystrophy.

著者

Minenori Ishido

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.4, pp.675-677, 2012-11-25 (Released:2012-12-28)

参考文献数

27

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Adult mammalian skeletal muscles possess a stem cell population, called muscle satellite cells. Satellite cells mainly contribute to restoring damaged or diseased muscles. The migration of satellite cells plays an important role in muscle regeneration, and it has been traditionally thought that satellite cell migration is regulated by lamellipodial/filopodial formation. In addition, it has recently been thought that blebbing/amoeboid formation plays an important role in satellite cell migration. On the other hand, the method/mechanism(s) of the migration of satellite cells located within skeletal muscles in vivo has barely been elucidated. However, because, in recent years, in vivo real-time imaging of satellite cell migration in skeletal muscles has been reported, it is expected to markedly expand our understanding of satellite cell migration in vivo. This review will focus on the regulatory mechanism of satellite cell migration in vitro and new insights into in vivo satellite cell mobility using real-time imaging.

著者

Yusuke Ono

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.229-234, 2014-05-25 (Released:2014-05-24)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1 6

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Satellite cells are skeletal muscle tissue stem cells located between the basal lamina and sarcolemma of myofibres and play crucial roles in adult muscle repair and regeneration as well as postnatal muscle growth. More and more findings indicate that satellite cells exist as a genetically and functionally heterogeneous population among muscles, which is not only based on fibre types, but also embryonic origin. Satellite cells are also a heterogeneous population even within a single myofibre. Only a small population of satellite cells possesses “stemness” and exhibits remarkable regeneration with a high self-renewal ability when transplanted into injured muscles. Recent studies have shed light on the cellular and molecular characteristics of satellite cell heterogeneity including Pax7+Myf5- cells, satellite-side population cells, Pax7-nGFPhigh cells, and slow-dividing cells. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of the heterogeneity and stem cell hierarchies in the satellite cell population.

著者

勝村 龍一 中本 哲 中西 光雄 池田 並子 三宅 紀子 平岡 亮

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.1-10, 1986-02-01 (Released:2010-12-10)

参考文献数

22

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In order to find the characteristics of physique and physical fitness of the field hockey players, the data were collected from the Japanese Men's Team members in anthropometric measurements and physical fitness test during the last six years since 1978.From the data collected for this study the following observation were made :1. The Japanese National Men's Field Hockey players had superior measurements in agility, especially, Side-Step-Test and cardiorespiratory function but inferior measurements in muscular strength and flexibility than players in other activities17) ; their physique were smaller than others.2. When compared with Tokyo Olympic Field Hockey players of twenty years ago, some increments in measurements were recognized in weight, circumferences, muscular strength and cardiorespiratory function; but not too much differences were observed in various longitudinal measurements, jumping reaction time, simple reaction time and flexibility.3. When individual measurements of three years span were compared longitudinally, circumferences like chest girth and upper arm girth, Vertical jump and Side-Step-Test were increased but cardiorespiratory function declined with the age. The rest of the items did not change much during the span of three years.

著者

林 陵平 苅山 靖 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.243-254, 2016-04-01 (Released:2016-03-18)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to identify the ground reaction force and lower extremity joint kinetics during clean exercises performed with light and heavy loads. Thirteen male track and field athletes performed the clean exercises from 20 kg to one repetition maximum (1RM). Kinetic data were collected from recorded data using a Vicon motion system (250 Hz) and force platforms (1,000 Hz). The results of the analyses were as follows: (1) Ground reaction force and joint kinetics of hip and ankle were increased by increasing loads in clean exercises. (2) From light to heavy loads, we found relationships between ground reaction force and joint torque of hip in clean exercises. (3) In progressing from light to heavy loads, some subjects continued to involve the muscle group controlling the hip joint as the main power source, while others did not. The results indicate that clean exercises yield different individual characteristics for training. These results suggest that the clean exercise is effective for selectively the hip extensor in all loads.

著者

高野 純平 藤井 範久 向井 直樹 劉 莉荊 林 和彦 白崎 芳夫 斉藤 慎一 徳山 薫平

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.123-130, 2004-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

25

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Side to side difference in tennis players' mid-radius and cross-sectional study on mid-tibia of jumpers and sedentary controls suggest that the improvement of mechanical properties of cortical bone in response to long-term exercise is related to geometric adaptation and not to volumetric bone mineral density. In the present study, geometric and mechanical properties of right tibia were estimated along 64 directions centering center of gravity of the bone on cross-sectional peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) images. The tibias of 17 jumpers (7 females, 10 males) and 15 controls (8 females, 7males), aged 18-23, were scanned at mid site using pQCT. Periosteal and endocortical radius were larger, cortical thickness was thicker, and mechanical properties (moment of inertia of area and strength strain index) were greater in jumpers compared to those of controls. The differences in cortical thickness between the two groups were dependent on direction of measurement. Defined a direction from tibia's center of gravity to fibula's as 0°, difference in the cortical thickness between jumpers and controls was the greatest at around 240°. Along this direction, differences in mechanical properties were also the most significant, suggesting that the site-specific adaptation of bone to long-term exercise is due to geographical relation of bone to muscle.

著者

Wataru Mizunoya

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3, pp.259-270, 2015-07-25 (Released:2015-07-27)

参考文献数

90

被引用文献数

3

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The contractile and metabolic properties of skeletal muscle depend on muscle fiber type composition. There are two major fiber types: type 1 fibers (slow-twitch oxidative) and type 2 fibers (fast-twitch glycolytic). Muscle fiber type is a critical physiological property that affects sports performance and metabolic ability. To date, natural food components have not been regarded as regulators of skeletal muscle fiber type. Meanwhile, in the present century, it has been revealed that several nuclear receptors (NRs) and their cofactors affect skeletal muscle fiber type independently from muscular contraction. Interestingly, many compounds from natural food sources have been identified as NR ligands. These facts indicate the possibility of the regulation of muscle fiber type by food components. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge of the role of NRs and their cofactors in skeletal muscle fiber type and discuss the perspective of muscle fiber type regulation by food components via NR.

著者

福岡 秀興

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.44-44, 2008-02-01 (Released:2008-08-06)

著者

服部 聡士 秋本 崇之

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.389-396, 2015-08-01 (Released:2015-07-27)

参考文献数

63

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Mitochondria play a central role in energy production but also are the main cellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is widely believed that aging is related to the accumulation of oxidative molecular damage due to ROS. Aging also induces a decrease in muscle function. Recent studies indicate that caloric restriction and physical exercise suppress the decrease in muscle function though the maintaining quality of mitochondria. This review provides the current understanding of the influence of caloric restriction and exercise on mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle.

著者

Shigeru Yamada Eriko Kizaki Aya Ozeki Mio Nakagawa Hitomi Fujita

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3, pp.287-294, 2015-07-25 (Released:2015-07-27)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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Sarcopenia from aging, inactivity, weightlessness, disease and malnutrition causes social problems due to associated physical dysfunction, a decrease in QOL, and risk of death. As a means of alleviating sarcopenia, appropriate exercise and nutrition therapy is required. However, nourishment therapy is especially important for a person in a situation where exercise is not feasible for maintaining skeletal muscle mass and muscular strength. Therefore, the authors studied the inhibitory effect of aspartic acid magnesium on disuse muscle atrophy. Herein we have described two of the mechanisms of action of aspartic acid magnesium on disuse muscle atrophy suppression. Initially, inactivity causes a decrease in capillary and oxygen supply, inhibits ATP synthesis, and produces active oxygen. As a result, the proteolysis system is activated and muscle atrophy progresses. We have described the effect of aspartic acid magnesium uptake on this mechanism, and the imbalance of the intracellular mineral with the inactive proteolysis system. The above is the content of this review.

著者

髙石 鉄雄 對馬 明 児玉 泰 西井 匠 小林 培男 渡邊 航平 秋間 広

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.4, pp.331-341, 2013-08-01 (Released:2013-08-29)

参考文献数

53

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This study evaluated the exercise profile (heart rate, cycling speed and pedal cadence) during 25-30 km cycling and fitness and health level for adults (11 males: 69.6 ± 4.7 yrs; 6 females: 66.3 ± 4.9 yrs) with a recreational cycling habit (27.6 ± 14.8 km/week). Exercise intensity at a constant speed on a flat road during male and female cycling was 71.2 ± 11.5 and 66.8 ± 11.4% heart rate reserved (HRR), respectively. Exercise intensity over 60% HRR occupied 72% of cycling time. Peak intensity during male and female cycling was 89.2 ± 8.9 and 93.1 ± 6.1% HRR, respectively. VO2max and CS (chair stand)-30 test for male and female were 40.3 ± 4.3 and 37.7 ± 2.4 ml/kg/min, and 30.8 ± 3.1 and 30.1 ± 3.2 times, respectively. The muscle cross-sectional area of thigh extensor and flexor measured by MRI were 55.4 ± 6.5 and 58.3 ± 13.3 cm2 for male, and 45.5 ± 6.4 and 50.2 ± 5.7 cm2 for female, respectively. Blood profile for HDL-C (cholesterol), LDL-C and HbA1c (JDS) for male and female were 65.9 ± 8.2 and 67.9 ± 10.6 mg/dl, 112.3 ± 32.0 and 130.6 ± 12.3 mg/dl, and 4.8 ± 0.4 and 4.7 ± 0.1%, respectively. Fitness level and blood profile results were superior to those of the same aged adults. We concluded that the exercise intensity of cycling by middle and older adults with a recreational cycling habit is high and their fitness and health level are higher than average adults.

著者

Satoshi Shibuya Satoshi Unenaka Yukari Ohki

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.213-216, 2015-05-25 (Released:2015-05-28)

参考文献数

32

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We perceive that our body belongs to us and is a coherent and unified entity. Therefore, body-ownership is fundamental to self-consciousness. To explore body-ownership in normal subjects, researchers have intensively used a bodily illusion known as the rubber hand illusion (RHI). This review article focuses on RHI studies. In a standard RHI paradigm, the sight of the participant’s hand is occluded, while a life-sized fake hand is visible. Synchronous stroking of the fake and real hands with paintbrushes elicits a subjective sensation that the fake hand is their own. The RHI is generally demonstrated using a self-report questionnaire as a subjective measurement, and proprioceptive drift (i.e., mislocalization of the real hand toward the fake hand) as an objective measurement. There are two constraints for inducing the RHI: visuo-tactile synchrony and consistency between multisensory inputs and body representations. The RHI can also be induced by visuo-motor correlations: viewing movements of the rubber hand that are synchronous with movements of the real hand. In this RHI variant, participants experience body-ownership as well as agency, which is a type of bodily self-consciousness that one is initiating and controlling his/her own actions. Neuroimaging studies suggest that the RHI is associated with a wide range of neural substrates, including fronto-parietal networks. In sum, accumulating evidence from the RHI suggests that body-ownership is very flexible, and the brain can incorporate a non-corporal object into a person’s own body.

著者

岩佐 翼 高宮 朋子 大谷 由美子 小田切 優子 菊池 宏幸 福島 教照 岡 浩一朗 北畠 義典 下光 輝一 井上 茂

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.145-154, 2015-02-01 (Released:2015-01-25)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the difference in physical activity among elderly living in different areas in Japan (“Bunkyo Ward in Tokyo” (Bunkyo) and “Fuchu City in Tokyo” (Fuchu) as urban areas, and “Oyama Town in Shizuoka” (Oyama) as a non-urban area). Participants were 1859 community-dwelling residents aged 65-74 years, randomly selected from the residential registry (response rate: 68.9%). A mail survey using self-administered questionnaires was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of various types of physical activity (eg, walking (Walking), going out (Going-out), bicycling (Bicycling), exercise habits (Exercise)), according to residential areas (reference category: Fuchu), stratified by gender, adjusting for socio-demographic variables. There was a significant difference in Going-out (ORs = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.44-0.86) for men, 0.48 (0.33-0.69) for women)), and Bicycling (0.04 (0.03-0.07) for men, 0.04 (0.02-0.07) for women) in Oyama compared to Fuchu. Furthermore, for women, there was a significant difference in Walking (0.56 (0.38-0.81)) and Exercise (0.59 (0.41-0.85)) in Oyama compared to Fuchu. There was a significant difference in Bicycling and Going-out for men in Bunkyo compared to Fuchu, but there was not a significant difference in other items. Low physical activity levels were observed in the elderly in the non-urban area compared to urban areas. The association was stronger in women. Regional difference might need to be taken into account for an effective physical activity intervention.

著者

木村 みさか 岡山 寧子 田中 靖人 金子 公宥

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.401-410, 1998-08-01

被引用文献数

7 4 3

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安全かつ簡便にフィールドでも測定可能な高齢者の持久性評価法の開発を目的として, シャトル・スタミナテスト (SST; 10m折り返し3分間走) の「走り」を「歩き」に応用したシャトル・スタミナ・ウオークテスト (SSTw) の信頼性・妥当性を検討した.<BR>1) SSTwの成績はVo<SUB>2</SUB>maxとr=0.827の相関を示し, 2) 初回時テストと再テストの間にはr=0.853の相関が認められ, 3) 推定最大心拍数に対するテスト中のピーク心拍数の割合は平均86.3%で, 男女差, 年齢差がなく, 4) 運動中の主観的身体負担度は, 全体の73.7%が「普通fairy light」または「ややきついsomewhat hard」と回答し, 5) SSTwの成績は運動能 (持久性) の自己評価を反映していた.また, 6) SSTwの加齢に伴う低下率は, 40歳以上においてVo<SUB>2</SUB>maxで報告されている低下率と同程度の値を示した.<BR>以上より, SSTwは, 40歳以後の中高齢者, 特に後期高齢者や低体力者を含む広範囲な高齢者にとって安全で, 屋内で多人数を同時に短時間に測定できる簡便な持久性評価法として信頼性, 妥当性に優れるテストであることが示唆された.

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.6, pp.761-783, 2006-12-01 (Released:2007-05-15)

著者

曲 剛健 高 建十 田崎 洋佑 伊藤 朗

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.263-271, 1997-06-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

25

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本研究は, ラットを去勢し, 睾丸から分泌される男性ホルモンの影響を除外した条件下において, 杜仲樹皮エキスの投与がアナボリックに及ぼす影響について非運動時と運動時を比較検討することを目的とした.実験は32匹, 4週齢Wistar系雄ラットに去勢手術を実施し, 杜仲樹皮エキス投与非運動群 (n=8) , 杜仲樹皮エキス投与運動群 (n=8) , 対照非運動群 (n=8) , 対照運動群 (n=8) の4群に分類した.杜仲樹皮エキスの投与は1g/kg体重の割合で1日1回, 週7回, 4週間にわたって経口投与した.対照群には同じ方法で蒸留水を投与した.運動負荷は, 小動物用トレッドミルを用い, 20m/minのスピードからスタートし, 1週間毎に10m/minのスピードを増加させ, 1日30分間, 4週間にわたって休まずに強制トレッドミル走行を実施した3結果は次のようであった.1.副腎比重量において, 杜仲樹皮エキス投与非運動群は, 対照非運動群に比し有意な高値 (p<0.001) を示した.また, 杜仲樹皮エキス投与運動群は, 対照運動群および杜仲樹皮エキス投与非運動群に比し有意な高値 (いずれもp<0.001) を示した.2.腎臓比重量において, 杜仲樹皮エキス投与非運動群は, 対照非運動群に比し有意 (p<0.001) に増大した.また, 杜仲樹皮エキス投与運動群は対照運動群に比し, 増加傾向が見られたが, 有意な差は認められなかった.3.肛門挙筋比重量において, 杜仲樹皮エキス投与非運動群は, 対照非運動群に比し有意な (p<0.001) 高値を示した.杜仲樹皮エキス投与運動群は対照運動群に比し有意な (p<0.001) 高値を示した.4.運動負荷終了後の24時間尿中17-KSは, 杜仲樹皮エキス投与非運動群が対照非運動群, 杜仲樹皮エキス投与運動群の2群に比しそれぞれ有意な高値 (いずれもp<0.001) を示した.杜仲樹皮エキス投与運動群は対照運動群に比し有意な高値 (p<0.01) を示した.また, 対照非運動群は対照運動群に対し, 有意な高値 (p<0.001) を示した.5.各群の尿中総窒素は, 杜仲樹皮エキス投与非運動群が対照非運動群, 杜仲樹皮エキス投与運動群の2群に比しそれぞれ有意な低値 (p<0.01, p<0.05) を示した.杜仲樹皮エキス投与運動群は対照運動群に比し, 有意な低値 (p<0.05) を示した.以上の結果から杜仲樹皮エキス投与は, 去勢されたラットの副腎重量の有意な増加をもたらし, 副腎皮質網状層のアンドロゲンの分泌を亢進させ, タンパク同化作用を促進させることが示唆された.また, 運動負荷における副腎皮質網状層の適応能力を増していることが示唆された.

著者

河野 史倫 二村 圭祐 中井 直也 中田 研 大平 充宣

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.35-35, 2015 (Released:2015-01-25)

著者

西脇 雅人 木内 敦詞 中村 友浩

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.5, pp.445-453, 2014-10-01 (Released:2014-10-02)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 4

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The present study aimed to examine the effects of Internet addiction on daily steps. A cross-sectional study was performed at the Osaka Institute of Technology. A total of 334 male college freshmen were analyzed. The participants were assigned to five groups according to Internet addiction levels. Internet addiction levels were assessed by Diagnostic Questionnaire, which has been reported by Young (1998), and we measured daily steps of the participants using a pedometer during usual 1 week. There were no significant trends or differences among five groups in physical characteristics of the participants, sleep duration, frequency of eating breakfast, and walking during commute time. However, with the level of Internet addiction increasing, daily steps showed a statistically significant decreasing trend. Therefore, Internet addiction levels might be related to reductions in steps in a dose-response manner. To clarify this point, further investigations will be required after considering confounding factors.

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.6, pp.860-886, 2009-12-01 (Released:2010-01-18)