著者

今泉 吉典

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館専報 (ISSN:00824755)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.113-129, 1973

被引用文献数

4

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Although the wild boar of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, has long been recognized as a local race of Sus scrofa LINNAEUS, 1758,by most of the recent authors, it may be a relict nearly related to the common ancestor of the boars. According to the author's opinion, Sus scrofa itself is a superspecies containing such distinct species as cristatus, scorofa, meridionalis, vittatus, leucomystax and riukiuanus. Each of the last three forms of East Asia undoubtedly belonging to a clade, the vittatus group, is in different stage of phylogenetic sequence and seems to have independent history of expansion of the population in the past. It is most likely that such populations have been reproductively isolated from each other more or less completely and that severe competition for existence may have taken place when they meet in a given area. The present distribution of those species must be a final result of such competitions reflecting the presence of reproductive isolation between them. This is the reason why the author is inclined to erect them as distinct species. The wild boar of the Ryukyu Islands, Sus riukiuanus KURODA, 1924,will be recognized on the following cranial and dental characters : upper length of skull as large as that in a cline of leucomystax TEMMINCK, 1942,from Honshu and Kyushu, Japan, Yc=153.8+4.9Xmm, Sys=15.9mm (X=temperature index), and much smaller than that of vittatus BOIE, 1828,Yc=302.0+2.4Xmm, Sys=19.4mm, which contains populations from Ussuri, Manchuria, Korea, Szechwan, Fukien, Formosa, Johore, Sumatra, Java, etc. Second and third upper molars smaller and simpler, and auditory bulla smaller than those of leucomystax. Naso-premaxillary suture incomplete except in old stage, and condyle and angular portion of mandible less developed. Those characters are most clearly retained in the population of Iriomote Island. The cranial and dental characters of the native domestic pig of Hainan, China, are distinctly in primitive conditions than those of vittatus and leucomystax, but evidently in progressed stage of phylogenetic development than in riukiuanus. The opinion of some authors that riukiuanus may only be a feral domestic pig seems not to be acceptable.

著者

吉行 瑞子 今泉 吉典

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series A, Zoology (ISSN:03852423)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.101-110, 1991-06

被引用文献数

7

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A new species of the genus Mogera is described from the Echigo Plain in central Japan under the name of Mogera etigo. It is similar to M. tokudae from Sado Island in such primitive characters as vertebral formula and shape of muzzle pad, but is different from M. tokudae in much larger relative values of body and cranial dimensions, larger manus, and smaller upper and lower second premolars, the last feature of which seems to indicate relatively advanced stage of evolution.

著者

今泉 吉典

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館研究報告 (ISSN:00280119)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, pp.163-259, 1962-03

著者

今泉 吉典

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館専報 (ISSN:00824755)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.159-176, 1970

被引用文献数

3

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Among thirteen land mammal forms known from the Tsushima Islands, ten are undoubtedly native and three are commensal. Four groups are recognized among the native forms. 1. Korean forms, which are common to Korea but not found in Hondo, the mainland of Japan, in specific level : Crocidura suaveolens shantungensis, Mogera coreana, Mustela sibirica manchurica, Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus. 2. Forms which are common both to Korea and Hondo in specific level : Micromys minutus aokii, Martes melampus tsuensis. 3. Japanese forms, which are common to Hondo in specific level, but not found in Korea : Apodemus navigator tusimaensis, Apodemus argenteus sagax. 4. Endemic species : Urotrichus adversus, Cervus pulchellus. Any taxonomic differences have never been discovered between specimens of the "Korean forms" and those from Korea. This may suggest that the Tsushimas had a land connection with Korea not in so remote past. The forms belonging to the second group seem to be intermediate between Korean and Japanese forms in subspecific level. "Japanese forms" evidently differ subspecifically or specifically from those of Kyushu, which are in the nearest districts of Hondo from the Tsushima Islands. Lineages, or phylogenetic branches, within Urotrichus were tried to be detected by statistical comparison of relative sizes between several local populations and a cline of well established form, U. hondonis (Figs. 1-5). By those clinal analysis, based on the author's taxonomic principles, at least four lineages were recognized in the group. According to sequence of expansions of forms in the past, which can be estimated by present distributions and degrees of morphological specializations or grades in strength, those lineages can be divided into classes, such as the most recent : lineage A, the next : lineage B, etc. Urotrichus adversus from Tsushima seems to belong to the lineage B, evidently older than U. talpoides of Kyushu belonging to the lineage A. Apodemus navigator tusimaensis is rather similar to navigator of Oki Is. and dorsalis of Yaku and Tane Is., which probably belong to the lineage B and are different from speciosus of Hondo belonging to the lineage A. Thus, most of the "Japanese forms" of Tsushima may not be derived from populations of Kyushu, belonging to the lineage A, but may perhaps be the relics of formerly widespread forms.

著者

今泉 吉典

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館研究報告 (ISSN:00280119)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.255-272,図2p, 1969-05

著者

今泉 吉典

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館研究報告 (ISSN:00280119)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.4, pp.362-371, 1959-10

著者

今泉 吉典

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館専報 (ISSN:00824755)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.1-8, 1973

著者

今泉 吉典

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館専報 (ISSN:00824755)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.84-91, 1968

被引用文献数

2

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Three hundred specimens of small mammals, belonging to 10 species, were collected in Mt. Goyo (about 15km west of Kamaishi City, Iwate Pref.) and Mt. Hayachine (about 40km southeast of Morioka City, Iwate Pref.) during a short trip in the early summer of 1967. The most interesting mammals among them was Euroscaptor mizura mizura (GUNTHER, 1880) which was collected at the upper part of Tatamiishi (1100m alt.), Mt. Goyo. The subspecies is a rare animal in Japan and the specimen obtained here is the 8th record from the country, and, at the same time, new to the Tohoku district, Honshu. One of the most difficult problems of taxonomy among the Japanese small mammals is the status of Aschizomys andersoni (THOMAS, 1905) from northern Honshu. Twenty-one specimens of this species were collected during the trip to Mt. Goyo and Mt. Hayachine, and studied statistically by a simplified method employing the association coefficient in numerical taxonomy. The dendrogram (Fig. 1) made by the method clearly expresses the similarity of the Goyo-Hayachine populations to the population from Mt. Zao and, onthe other hand, the distinction between them and the other populations of central Honshu. These morphological relationships and the differentiation of the vertical distribution recognized among groups of Aschizomys in Honshu indicate the specific distinction of Aschizomys andersoni, which is represented by the populations of Mt. Goyo, Mt. Hayachine or Mt. Zao, from A. niigatae of central Honshu. The small mammal fauna of Mt. Goyo is peculiar among those of mountains of the Tohoku district in having the combination of Euroscaptor mizura mizura and Aschizomys andersoni, while that of Mt. Hayachine seems to be similar to the latter, although it could not be fully clarified by the present survey.

著者

今泉 吉典 青木 淳一 浅沼 靖 土居 祥兌 小山 博滋 斎藤 靖二 氏家 宏

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館専報 (ISSN:00824755)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.1-18, 1974

著者

今泉 吉典

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館研究報告 (ISSN:00280119)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.4, 1963-12

著者

今泉 吉典

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館専報 (ISSN:00824755)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.381-395, 1970

著者

今泉 吉典

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館専報 (ISSN:00824755)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.131-149, 1972

被引用文献数

8

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According to the investigation executed by the party from the National Science Museum, Tokyo, in the summers of 1970 and 1971,the small mammal fauna of the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaido, is fairly different from most of the plains but rather similar to that of Rishiri Island, a small island off the northern extremity of the main island, in the combination of important species. They resemble each other not only in the presence of a vole of the Clethrionomys rex group and a tiny shrew nearly related to Sorex gracillimus THOMAS, 1907,but also in the absence of Sorex shinto saevus THOMAS, 1907,one of the two common shrews in the plains of the main island of Hokkaido. Voles of the rex group, containing Clethrionomys rex IMAIZUMI, 1971,of Rishiri Island and C. montanus sp. nov. of the Hidaka Mountains, are evidently more primitive in several external, cranial and dental characters than those of the rufocanus group, which contains C. bedfordiae (THOMAS, 1905) of the main island of Hokkaido and C. sikotanensis (TOKUDA, 1935) of Rishiri I. and Shikotan I. of the Habomai Islands. Moreover, within the respective groups, the forms of small islands are less advanced than those of the main island as shown in Fig. 1. These nearly related forms belonging to the same clade with compete each other when they are in a sympatric condition of distribution, because they are probably poorly differentiated in the ecological niche. In such cases more advanced forms tend to destroy the primitive ones, as clearly seen in three lineages of Japanese moles, Mogera minor, M. wogura and M. kobeae (IMAIZUMI, 1964). A lineage, here used by the author, is a taxon applied not only to good species but also ill-defined hemispecies or even some of subspecies based on the biological species concept, and differs from other lineages by the relative time of emergence or of animated expansion of the distribution. Such competition may be more violent in a combination of nearest two lineages than that of rather remote ones, as the former is less different in physical characters and also in ecological niches than the latter. Evident correlations between the degree of specialization and the relative time of emergence of taxa have been confirmed among the lineages of the glareolus group, of the Japanese moles, etc. If this is acceptable as a general rule, the earliest of the four lineages of the voles that arrived in the Hokkaido district might be Clethrionomys rex, now confined to Rishiri Island (Fig.1). At first probably C. rex and then C. sikotanensis expanded their distribution nearly all over the district. Later, both of the populations were exterminated from the main island of Hokkaido through violent competitions with newly arrived and more advanced lineages, C. montanus of the former group and C. bedfordiae of the latter one. On the other hand, not so violent but rather loose competitions have been carried on between these conquerors, and montanus was gradually exterminated from the plains and finally almost confined to the alpine and subalpine zones of the Hidaka Mountains. Very similar process of emergences and competitions might be carried out between Sorex shinto saevus and a tiny shrew similar to Sorex gracillimus. The former, which has now nearly exterminated tha latter from the plains of the main island, probably failed to invade into Rishiri Island because of its later arrival. Thus, the similarities between the small mammal faunas of Rishiri Island and the high mountain zone of Hidaka Mountains can easily be understood as a result of successive appearances and expansions of slightly advanced lineages in the same clade and violent competitions between them which can be hindered by some topographical factors.

著者

吉行 瑞子

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館研究報告 (ISSN:00280119)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.305-310, 1971-09

著者

YOSHIYUKI Mizuko

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

National Science Museum monographs (ISSN:13429574)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.1-242, 1989

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This article is a taxonomic revision of the Japanese bat fauna based on an extensive study of 4380 specimens collected from Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Rishiri I., Sado I., Oki I., Seven Is. of Izu, Tsushima Is., Goto Is., Iki I., Yakushima I., Kuchinoerabu I., Amami Is., Okinawa I., Daito Is., Kume-jima I., Ishigaki I. Iriomote I., Yonakuni I. and Ogasawara Islands. In this study, the following species concept was employed; the species is a population reproductively isolated from other similar populations, and the subsecies is a local population more or less clearly separated geographically and morphologically from the other populations of the species. Besides the external and internal features customarily used in chiropteran taxonomy at the species level, in most cases in this study such characters as the baculum, scapula, and sternum were also examined, to determine variability and the taxonomic status of the population as objectively as possible. Quantitative characters of local populations, such as mean values and standard deviations in length were compared statistically, always considering the nature of geographical trends or clines among of the population. On the other hand, in comparing of qualitative characters, special attention was paid to age variation. Where a group of local populations showed a distinct and smooth cline in an important quantitative character, then the populations within the group were recognized as members of a same species. But a local population clearly deviating from such a cline was recognized as specifically different because the population seems to be reproductively isolated from any others. By these methods, the Japanese chiropterans were divided into 44 species and subspecies, belonging to thirteen genera, five families, and two suborders. The chiropteran fauna of Japan is composed of three species of Pteropus in the family Pteropodidae of the Megachiroptera and 35 species of the Microchiroptera; five species of Rhinolophus in the family Rhinolophidae, one species of Hipposideros in the family Hipposideridae, twelve species of Myotis, five species of Pipistrellus, two species of Nyctalus, two species of Eptesicus, one species of Vespertilio, one species of Barbastella, one species of Plecotus, one species of Miniopterus and three species of Murina in the family Vespertilionidae, and one species of Tadarida in the family Molossidae. During this study following six new species were discovered from Japan, including two forms in collaboration: Rhinolophus imaizumii in the Rhinolophidae and Myotis yesoensis, pruinosus, Nyctalus furvus, Murina silvatica and M. tenebrosa in the Vespertilionidae. New localities were given to Pteropus dasymallus daitoensis, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon, R. cornutus cornutus, R. c. orii, Myotis fujiensis, M gracilis, M. ikonnikovi, M. ozensis, M. daubentoni ussuriensis, Nyctalus aviator, Eptesicus nilssoni parvus, Vespertilio superans superans, Barbastella leucomelas darjelingensis, Plecotus auritus sacrimontis, Miniopterus fuscus, Miniopterus schreibersi fuliginosus, Murina silvatica, Murina hilgendorfi and Tadarida insignis. Rhinolophus imaizumii from Iriomote I. was recognized as a new species by myself and J. E. Hill of the British Museum (Natural History). I had noticed this form while studying a vast number of samples of this genus collected from Japan, and it seemed to be different from any known forms of the group including R. perditus from Ishigaki I. This was confirmed by Hill after careful comparison of samples of this form and type specimens of this group in London. An examination of about ten specimens of Myotis pruinosus proved that this is the smallest species of the subgenus Leuconoe, having the forearm as short as that of M. ikonnikovi, the smallest species of the subgenus Selysius. It is similar in general respects to M. davidi of China, but much smaller. Nyctalus furvus is a member of the noctula group, but eleven specimens of this species from Iwate Prefecture are much smaller than N. noctula of Eurasia and N. velutinus of China and have different cranial and dental characters. There was a distinct gap between furvus and the latter two species, so I recognized it as a distinct species. Murina silvatica has long been misidentified as M. aurata ussuriensis or M. ussuriensis. As a result of a comparison of about thirty specimens of silvatica from Japan, the type specimen of M. ussuriensis in the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, and M. aurata aurata from the Himalayas, the distinctness of silvatica became evident, so it was given a new name. Murina tenebrosa from Tsushima Is., is known from only one specimen. But this species is different from all other Asiatic members of the genus by the nearly naked dorsal surface of the uropatagium and intermediate dimensions of several important characters. The nearest form to this species may be M. florium of Flores I. The recently described Myotis yesoensis of the subgenus Selysius is a medium-sized form similar to M. hosonoi of Honshu in general features. This species is known from several localities in the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaido, and was found together with M gracilis in a forest on Mt. Petegari, the type locality. It differs from gracilis in its shorter ear and in several important cranial and dental characters. It is larger but has a relatively shorter tail than M. ikonnikovi of the same subgenus, known from Nakano-shima I., Toya Lake, but has a shorter tail. The coefficient of difference in the length of tail between these two forms is remarkable. All of the forms known from Japan are described in order of family, genus, species, and subspecies, from primitive to advanced. Keys are given to all families and genera and to species in polytypic genera. The description of each species or subspecies contains detailed features of the skull and teeth, and in most cases covers also the features of the body skeleton and baculum which have not been fully described. The taxonomic status of each form is also fully discussed. The Japanese mainland region consisting of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, the Ryukyu region, and the Ogasawara region differ remarkably from each other in their species composition of bats. The Japanese mainland region, belonging to the north eastern Chinese subregion of the Palaearctic region,. has many species common to Eurasia but also several peculiar to the region. Both the Ryukyu region belonging to the Indo-Chinese subregion of the Oriental region, and the Ogasawara region, belonging to the Polynesian subregion of the Australian region, have only a few species, but most of them are endemic. One of the characteristic features of the Japanese chiropteran fauna is that the number of species is more numerous in the region north of the STEJNEGER line, containing Hokkaido and a half of Honshfi, than in the region south of the line, contrary to the tendency seen in continental Asia.

著者

吉行 瑞子

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series A, Zoology (ISSN:03852423)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.153-159, 1984-09

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A new species of whiskered bat belonging to the subgenus Selysius is described from the forest on Petegari, Poroshiri and Rakko of the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaido, under the name Myotis yesoensis. This species is sympatric with Myotis gracilis on these mountains. It is easily distinguished from the latter by the shorter ear, bicolored dorsal fur, and the obtuse anteorbital ridge.

著者

Hill J.E. 吉行 瑞子

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series A, Zoology (ISSN:03852423)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.3, pp.179-189, 1980-09

被引用文献数

1

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A new species of Rhinolophus from Iriomote Island, Yayeyama Islands, south Ryukyu Islands is diagnosed and described as R. imaizumii, closely related to R. cognatus from the Andaman Islands. The Asiatic species of the R. pusillus group to which it belongs are keyed and briefly discussed, with diagnostic and distributional notes.

著者

吉行 瑞子

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

国立科学博物館専報 (ISSN:00824755)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.189-197, 1988

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北海道の西南方, 奥尻島に生息する野生ほ乳類としては, これまで, ネズミ科のエゾアカネズミApodemus speciosus ainu (THOMAS, 1906)しか記録がなかった。このたび, イヌ科のタヌキNyctereutes procyonoides GRAY, 184 1834が採集された。この島から初めての記録である。筆者は奥尻島のタヌキが北海道, 本州, 九州の個体群のどれに類似しているか, 外部, 頭骨, 肩甲骨, 仙椎, 陰茎骨などの形態を用いて, 分類学的に比較検討した。奥尻島個体群は, その冬毛の背毛長が平均87.8mm, 宮崎の個体群のそれは54.3mmで, 両者の間に顕著な差異が認められる。それだけでなく, 頭骨では上顎第1臼歯間の距離(歯冠部の内端間の最短距離)が本州, 宮崎産のものより大きい。この形質における奥尻個体群と北海道, 本州, 九州の8個体群間の差異係数について類似関係を求めた結果, それらが2群を形成することが判明した。I群には奥尻島および北海道個体群が含まれ, II群には本州と九州の7個体群が含まれる。I群とII群間の差異係数は1.331である。 また, 奥尻島・北海道個体群は本州・九州の個体群より仙骨が顕著に長く, 頑丈である。これらの形質は年齢や雌雄による変異が少いと考えられる。陰茎骨には年齢よる顕著な差が認められるが, 同年齢とおもわれる奥尻島と宮崎のものの陰茎骨では, 奥尻島のもので発達が悪いことが認められた。また, 仙椎の大きさは年齢や性による変異が少ないようにおもわれたので, 奥尻島のものと本州や宮崎のものと比較したところ, 前者が顕著に大きい傾向がみられた。これらの肩甲骨は年齢による変異が顕著であるが, たがいによく似ている。 以上の結果, 奥尻島の個体群は, 北海道のエゾタヌキNyctereutes procyonoides albus BEARD, 1904と同じ分類群に属すると認めるのが妥当と考えられる。エゾタヌキはニューヨークの動物園で飼育されていた白色型の生きた個体に基づいて命名されたもので, 基準標本の指定がなく, その所在も明確ではない。

著者

吉行 瑞子

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series A, Zoology (ISSN:03852423)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.75-81, 1979-03

著者

吉行 瑞子

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series A, Zoology (ISSN:03852423)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.141-"150-2", 1983-09

著者

吉行 瑞子

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series A, Zoology (ISSN:03852423)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.151-158, 1988-09

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A new subspecies of the least red-toothed shrew, Sorex minutissimus ZIMMERMANN, 1780,is described from Korea under the name of S. m. ishikawai. It is the largest subspecies of the species, and seems closest to the Hokkaido subspecies, S. m. hawkeri THOMAS, 1906.