著者

進士 誠一 横堀 將司 清水 哲也 神田 知洋 林 光希 安康 勝喜 吉田 寛

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.98-104, 2022-02-20 (Released:2022-03-15)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2

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During their clinical clerkships (CCs) in surgery, medical students are generally introduced to such areas as surgical indications, surgical techniques, and perioperative management through rounds and practical skills training on wards and in operating rooms. Given the technological advances made in virtual reality (VR) over recent years and its increasing use in education and corporate training, we decided to try using VR for the benefit of students on surgical CCs. To this end, we developed what we termed a "VR surgery tour" in the field of gastrointestinal surgery, which involved students using VR goggles to view edited 3D images. We then asked 26 fifth- and sixth-year medical students at Nippon Medical School assigned to CCs in gastrointestinal surgery between November 2020 and September 2021 to evaluate the VR surgery tour via a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included questions using a five-point Likert scale and space for free comments. Our results showed that all respondents felt satisfied with the VR surgery tour, with 96% of them indicating it was a viable alternative to clinical training; moreover, about 90% of the students found it useful as a teaching aid for pre-learning and requested that VR teaching materials be made available in other fields as well. We concluded that our VR surgery tour is a valuable supplement to practical training in gastrointestinal surgery and that it increases medical students' motivation to learn. We believe VR is an effective teaching aid and that there will be increasing demand for its use in various education and training programs.

著者

倉品 隆平

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.7-9, 2023-02-20 (Released:2023-03-11)

著者

織田 利光

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.29-37, 1988-02-15 (Released:2009-12-04)

参考文献数

26

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One hundred and thirty-eight cries of 56 infants were examined during first 14 days after birth. Crying in neonates was classified into three types of situational cry: hunger cry, discomfort cry and pain cry, and the temporal patterns of each type of cry were investigated on the basis of the parameters of cry duration and cry interval. The following results were obtained:1) In the case of the hunger cry, the cry duration was 0.69±0.31s, the cry interval 0.32±0.25s and the number of cries 9.3 ± 2.9 times/10s. The coefficient of cry duration variance showed the minimum value (=0.44) among the three types of cry, indicating that a constant cry duration was characteristic of the hunger cry. The coefficient of the cry interval variance (=0.79) was almost the same as that for the pain cry, but was lower than that for the discomfort cry. A rhythmical crying pattern was found in 72.7% of the cases of the hunger cry, which suggested a correlation between the hunger cry and a rhythmical crying pattern.2) In the discomfort cry, the cry duration was 0.82±0.62s, the cry interval 0.41±0.32s, and the number of cries 6.7±2.6 times/10s. The maximum coefficients of variance were seen for the cry duration and the cry interval, showing that this type of crying was characterized by large variations in the parameters. A rhythmical crying pattern was seen in only 19.0% of the cases of the discomfort cry.3) In the pain cry, the cry duration was 1.06±0.75s, the cry interval 0.39±0.92s and the number of cries 5.6±2.1 times/10s. The cry duration showed the longest value. A rhythmical crying pattern was seen in only 12.2%.4) The cry duration of the hunger cry gradually decreased during first 8 days after birth. The cry duration of the pain cry did not change during first 5 days after birth, but decreased during 6 to 8 days after birth. The cry duration of the discomfort cry showed no sequential changes in these periods.From the results, it was evident that there were characteristics in the cry durations and intervals and also were the crying patterns of neonates in accordance with the situation of them and the number of days after birth, so it was suggested that these can serve as points to distinguish when the mother hears the infant crying.

著者

別府 芳雄 杉本 英重 武藤 直哉

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.295-297, 1959-04-15 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

9

著者

田尻 孝

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.70-71, 2012 (Released:2012-10-26)

著者

三石 剛

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.4, pp.170-178, 2007 (Released:2007-11-15)

参考文献数

29

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Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) represent a family of diverse DNA viruses consisting of more than 100 types and have been extensively studied as an etiological factor in benign and malignant tumors. In malignant epithelial lesions, the mechanism by which two E6 and E7 proteins of the high risk HPV types, HPV 16 and 18 interact with cellular factors in deregulating the normal growth of the cells, has been well described by many authors. The E6 and E7 proteins are consistently expressed in HPV-associated malignant tumor and E6 binding to the p53 gene mediated by the E6-associated protein ligase turned out to be important. In contrast important function of E7 was demonstrated by its binding to pRb and Rb-related proteins. The bindings under phosphorylation of these proteins was degradated by ubiquination and transcription factors of the E2F regulated cell proliferation. Overall HPV 16 DNA is able to induced modifications in the host cells and immortalizing epithelial cells by stimulating human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) protein. High risk E6 proteins directly interacts with c-myc and c-myc/E6 complex activates hTERT protein expression. The various methods for detection or cloning of HPV DNA are summarized in this manuscript. PCR method has been become an established technique for detecting a large number of HPV DNAs. In particular PCR-RFLP is a simple and useful method for identifying the specific HPV types. However many modifications of the methods have been developed. Recently clinical trials are being conducted to test the preventive efficacy of HPV vaccines, directed against HPV 16 and 18 in Japan. In the future the therapeutic efficacy of HPV vaccines are required to prevent cervical cancer and other HPV associated cutaneous carcinomas.

著者

大野 曜吉

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.65-70, 2019-04-15 (Released:2019-05-29)

著者

石井 知行

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.96-116, 1983-02-15 (Released:2009-07-10)

参考文献数

89

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The alcoholics were diagnosed and classified based on the criteria, offered at the Alcoholism Diagnostic Conference (1977) which was held under the auspices of the Ministry of Welfare, Japan. Grade of cerebral atrophy was estimated. Measurement items on the Computed Tomography (CT Scan) which contributed to discrimination among these groups were investigated simultaneously.The study consisted of seventy-five alcoholic patients and control group of ninety-four who were devoid of any evidence for alcoholism. Influential factors which were involved in cerebral atrophy of the alcoholic groups were investigated and factorial analysis was completed. There was a definite increase in cerebral atrophy during the aging process in patients with long term durations of drinking alcohol. There was a close correlation between age and duration of drin-king alcohol.Each group was compared by one-way classification analysis of variance on power normal distribution. There were significant differences between the alcoholics and the controls among all CT items. Enlargement of ventricles was recognized in the alcoholics. Also, significant differences were recognized according to the Ventricle index, the Evans' index, the Huckman number, and the width of Sylvian fissure between alcoholic dementia and other alcoholic psycho-ses. The degree of the enlargement of ventricles was extremely striking in alcoholic dementia.The results of one-way classification analysis of variance concerning the vertical diameter of the fourth ventricle showed a significant difference between the alcoholics and the controls. A tendency for cerebellar atrophy existed in the alcoholics.A regression analysis of CT items on age was performed. It was noticed that there was a parallel between the regression lines of the alcoholics and the controls, with the only difference being in the grade of CT items. Furthermore, another important finding was noticed in the 27-78 year range which indicated the same ratio between the alcoholics and the controls in the development of the enlargement of the ventricular systems (central atrophy). The mean value and standard deviation of each measurement item in each age stratum and each diagnostic group indicated that cerebral atrophy was much higher in the younger alcoholic group than in the aged control group. It was suggested that cerebral atrophy which developed as a result of the abnormal process of alcohol dependence appeared in the early stages of dependence and was more severe than atrophy caused by the physiological process of aging. In spite of continuous alcohol depen-dence, this atrophy did not make any rapid progress as anticipated in comparison with the control group. Once the initial atrophy developed, the rate of progression was the same in both the alcoholics and the controls. However, it was shown that cerebral atrophy started early in the initial stages of alcohol dependence, whereas physiological atrophy mainly started later in the natural process of aging.It was observed that a significant difference existed between the alcoholics and the controls after Kruskal-Wallis Test and Dunn-Multiple Comparison Test against the cortical sulcus (C.S) item. That is, cerebral cortical atrophy was seen in the alcoholics.After the results of canonical discriminant analysis against 9 CT items, the Ventricle index definitely contributed both in the discrimination between the alcoholics and the controls and in the discrimination between alcoholic dementia and other alcoholic psychoses. Furthermore, the horizontal diameter of the third ventricle contributed to the latter discrimination, while the Evans' index contributed to the former discrimination.

著者

吉田 恒丸 平野 稔人

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.173-176, 1972-02-15 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

11

著者

臼田 実男

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.412-415, 2022-12-25 (Released:2023-02-08)

参考文献数

4

著者

神田 奈緒子

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.227, 2021-10-30 (Released:2021-11-27)

著者

蓑茂 上 宮崎 繁 宮本 晴夫 橋本 泰男

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.11, pp.836-840, 1950 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

17

著者

儀我 真理子

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.115-119, 2014 (Released:2014-05-08)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper we describe statistical test. This is the most important statistical field for examining the mean, variance and other characteristics of population by using sample. First, we propose a null hypothesis, for example, that the population mean is a certain value. With statistical analysis, if we conclude that the null hypothesis is to be rejected, we judge that the hypothesis is probably not true. When we conclude that the null hypothesis is to be accepted, we can only say that we cannot reject it. In this paper, we also describe a test of independence. This is a method of testing, for example, whether we can recognize a difference in the numbers of male and female patients with certain diseases. The main method of testing for independence is not applicable to small samples, for which other methods must be used.

著者

二宮 宣文 久野 将宗

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.Suppl.1, pp.S57-S61, 2011 (Released:2011-12-07)

著者

村田 朗

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.96-101, 2007 (Released:2007-05-14)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

3 4

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Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is defined as sleep disordered breathing (SDB) with at least five episodes of apnea or hypopnea per hour of sleep combined with symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness. With prevalence of only 4% in men and 2% in women older than 30 years, SAS is not a rare disease and is increasing with the rate of obesity. It is thought that SAS is caused by narrowing of the upper respiratory tract due to enlargement of the surrounding soft tissue and the structures of the chin and face. Patients with SAS have many difficulties, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, a decline in daily activities, traffic accidents, hypertension, arrhythmia, and automatic nerve and endocrine system disorders. Consequently, SAS causes arteriosclerosis and final outcomes such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Most patients with SAS are unaware of the severity of their disorder and seek medical attention only after a family member points out the snoring with apnea. It is important to remember that SAS is likely to trigger life-threatening disorders during sleep. Therefore, if symptoms, such as excessive sleepiness during daytime hours and snoring with apnea develop, a respiratory specialist should be consulted and continuous positive airway pressure therapy should be performed.

著者

馬杉 洋三

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.6, pp.649-656, 1984-12-15 (Released:2009-07-10)

参考文献数

23

著者

酒井 公範

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.42-58_3, 1967-02-15 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

42

著者

森田 明夫

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.137-145, 2023-04-20 (Released:2023-05-27)

著者

瀧澤 俊広 野口 隼矢 瀧澤 敬美

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.90-95, 2023-04-20 (Released:2023-05-27)

参考文献数

28

著者

石野 孔祐 大橋 隆治

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.78-83, 2023-04-20 (Released:2023-05-27)

参考文献数

13