著者

洲鎌 秀永 柿沼 由彦

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.96-105, 2019-06-15 (Released:2019-07-10)

参考文献数

59

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Stress has been well documented to bring about various clinical disorders, ranging from neurodegeneration, as seen in such conditions as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease, to metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus. It is also known that dysregulation of immune responses in the brain is closely linked to clinical disorders. In fact, it is accepted that stress associated with daily activities, be it good or not, can affect immunity as well as general health. However, the effects of stress on immune functions, especially brain immune cells, are not fully understood. As for immune cells, three types of glial cells contribute mainly to brain immunity: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Microglia differ from the others in several aspects: first, they have a monocyte lineage; and second, they originate from the mesoderm, while astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, like neuronal cells, originate from the ectoderm. Thus, microglia are considered to be the central player in exerting immune functions in the brain. In this review, we describe the microglial responses induced by various kinds of stress and propose a possible mechanism by which stress induces microglial activation.

著者

金子 勝治

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.213-219, 1966-08-15 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

井之川 孝雄

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.92-101, 1971 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

37

著者

三宅 弘一 島田 隆

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.150-156, 2012 (Released:2012-05-30)

参考文献数

10

---

Viral vectors are powerful tools for gene delivery and expression both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, many types of viral vectors have become commercially available and are easily used. It is important to choose appropriate viral vectors according to target cells and organs. In this technical note, we describe the characteristics of viral vectors and how to choose the appropriate viral vector to transduce target cells in vitro.

著者

山寺 博史

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

Journal of Nippon Medical School (ISSN:13454676)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.4, pp.344-348, 2001 (Released:2001-12-28)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 1

著者

東 直行

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.8-21, 2017-02-15 (Released:2017-03-07)

参考文献数

115

被引用文献数

1

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Both abnormal barrier function and abnormal immune function are closely involved in the etiology of AD. Patients with AD have been subdivided into abnormal filaggrin, normal filaggrin, high immunoglobulin E, normal IgE groups, and so on. Regarding local cytokine profiles in the skin of patients with AD, the involvement of Th2, Th22, and Th17 cells at the acute stage, and the involvement of Th2, Th22, and Th1 cells at the chronic stage have been suggested. The IL-9 level has been reported to be higher in patients with AD than in healthy individuals, but it has also been reported that there are no differences in IL-9 levels between patients with AD and normal individuals. Thus, the role of IL-9 is unclear. The serum IL-18 level is high and induces Th2 reactions in patients with AD. IL-21 is thought to suppress IgE formation, but its activity in relation to AD remains unknown. IL-22 is involved in hyperplasia, increased antimicrobial peptide formation, and reduced filaggrin in patients with AD. IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are produced in epidermal cells and activate type 2 innate lymphoid cells or premature dendritic cells, resulting in the induction of Th2 reactions. IL-31 is produced by Th2 cells, causing an itching sensation and scratching behavior. A correlation has been reported between serum IL-32 levels and the severity of dermatitis. IL-34 is an element of the control system that suppresses inflammation, but its activity in cases of AD is unknown. One published report describes a correlation between serum IL-37 levels and the severity of dermatitis, but this relationship has not been sufficiently clarified to date, and requires further analysis. In this review, the author has attempted to summarize reports on cytokine expression in patients with AD. The author expects that important cytokines and cells involved in the pathophysiology of AD will be revealed, contributing to strategies for treating AD.

著者

林 敏彦

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

Journal of Nippon Medical School (ISSN:13454676)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.222-223, 2000 (Released:2001-10-25)

著者

Yuri Kinoshita Hidehisa Saeki

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

Journal of Nippon Medical School (ISSN:13454676)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.3, pp.110-117, 2017-06-15 (Released:2017-07-19)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

9

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Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe adverse drug reaction associated with the separation of skin and mucous membranes at the dermal-epidermal junction. Although it is rare, many treatments have been trialed because of its high mortality rate. Active interventions performed to date include the use of systemic corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg), cyclosporine, plasmapheresis, anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs and N-acetylcysteine, but none has been established as the most effective therapy. IVIg and short-term high-dose corticosteroids were regarded as the most promising treatments for TEN in a comprehensive review of all reported TEN cases from 1975-2003. When used with an appropriate dose and timing, the beneficial effects of IVIg can be maximized. Although no randomized controlled trials have been conducted, cyclosporine and plasmapheresis are considered to be beneficial. As no gold standard for active intervention for TEN has been established, the choice of treatment relies partly on the available guidelines and the experience of the dermatologist. There is still much to be investigated regarding the pathogenesis of TEN, and new findings may contribute to the identification of an effective active intervention strategy.

著者

五味 文郎

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.6, pp.691-695, 1941-06-15 (Released:2009-08-24)

参考文献数

9

著者

Takashi Ueno Tokuya Omi Eiji Uchida Hiroyuki Yokota Seiji Kawana

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

Journal of Nippon Medical School (ISSN:13454676)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.4-11, 2014 (Released:2014-03-10)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

7 20

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Background: Treating chronic wounds is challenging. Despite standard wound care, some chronic wounds fail to heal. Therefore, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) was developed as an adjunct to standard wound care. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of HBOT for treating chronic wounds due to a variety of causes at our institution. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients with chronic wounds treated with HBOT in addition to standard wound care at the Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, from 2009 through 2012. Twenty-nine patients were reviewed (14 men and 15 women; mean age, 64.1±14.4 years). The cause of chronic wounds was diabetes mellitus (DM) in 13 patients, venous stasis in 10, polyarteritis nodosa cutanea in 2, and livedoid vasculopathy, pyoderma gangrenosum, chronic renal failure, and systemic sclerosis in 1 patient each. The patients underwent HBOT for 60 minutes with 100% oxygen delivered via a mask in a hyperbaric chamber pressurized to 2.8 atmospheres of absolute pressure. The response of the chronic wounds to HBOT was evaluated according to the following criteria: "excellent": more than 90% wound healing; "good": a greater than 30% reduction in wound size, and wound healing was confirmed on follow-up visits within 6 weeks; "fair": wound healing was achieved with a combination of further invasive interventions; and "poor": the wound showed a less than 30% reducion or worsened during HBOT, or wound healing had not been completed by follow-up visits within 6 weeks. Results: The response to HBOT was "excellent" in 6 patients, "good" in 8, "fair" in 11, and "poor" in 4. All 4 patients with a "poor" response had DM and had undergone hemodialysis. Conclusions: HBOT is an effective treatment for patients with chronic wounds, due to a variety of causes, when used in combination with conventional standard therapy or further interventions. However, HBOT is less effective in patients with DM than in patients with venous stasis because hemodialysis, which is more common in patients with DM, has negative effects on wound healing.

著者

矢島 十四生

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.12, pp.1415-1422, 1959-12-15 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

5

著者

高橋 秀実

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

Journal of Nippon Medical School (ISSN:13454676)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.5, pp.410-414, 2002 (Released:2002-10-25)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

著者

佐藤 駿吾

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.28-38, 1980-02-15 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

32

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Suppression of the micturition desire causes strain on the whole body. The cerebral apoplexy and the so-colled micturition syncope often occur during urination.These facts indicate that the whole body can be influenced by the impulses arising in and/or around the urinary bladder. The present study was attempted to elucidate the mechanism underlying this, and the following results were obtainedon the human subjects.1) Artificial distension of the bladder by physiological saline solution induced the following changes. Namely, the R-R interval of ECG became shorter; the blood pressure extremely higher; the plethysmographic fluctuation less; the activities of the plasma renin and plasma angiotensin I &II higher. But no changes were observed in the activities of the plasma aldosterone and the plasma cortisol.2) The changes mentioned above were not observedif the wall of the bladder was anestetized with lidocaine hydrochloride.3) Based on these results, it was considered that the distension of the bladder influences the whole body through autonomic reflexes.

著者

中村 成夫

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.25-30, 2013 (Released:2013-03-11)

参考文献数

7

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Drug metabolism involves chemical reactions modifying pharmaceutical substances. Lipophilic chemical compounds are converted to hydrophilic compounds by enzymes related to drug metabolism. Some drugs are activated after drug metabolism; on the other hand, some xenobiotic compounds become toxic through these enzymes. Cytochrome P450 is an enzyme that plays a major role in drug metabolism. Metabolites produced by cytochrome P450 from one drug are predictable from the viewpoint of chemical reactivity. Novel metabolites from nonylphenol and bisphenol A are discovered considering the ipso-position metabolic reaction of cytochrome P450.

著者

小川 令 百束 比古

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.3, pp.121-128, 2005 (Released:2005-07-20)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2 1

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Keloids and hypertorphic scar often present difficulties in treatment, and they are a severe problem for every surgeon. In our department, keloids have been treated with multimodal therapy including excision, postoperative electron-beam irradiation, tranilast medication and pressure treatment using silicon gel sheets or bandages. Moreover, we have added a new protocol of electron-beam irradiation which the dose is changed by keloid sites. This trial proposes a new method. In this paper, we introduce some new twists to prevent recurrence of keloid being in use in our department, along with the future prospects of keloid treatment.

著者

中島 榮太郎

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.9, pp.1281-1308, 1933-09-15 (Released:2009-07-10)

参考文献数

55

著者

千葉 隆 福永 慶隆

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

Journal of Nippon Medical School (ISSN:13454676)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.78-80, 2001 (Released:2001-11-30)

参考文献数

3

著者

木村 和美

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.25, 2021-02-19 (Released:2021-03-11)

著者

折茂 英生

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.92-96, 2011 (Released:2011-05-06)

参考文献数

8

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The delivery of genes into cells is a basic procedure in molecular biology. The induction of genes into prokaryotic cells is referred to as transformation, which is a basic method in gene cloning, whereas that into eukaryotic cells is called transfection. Several transfection methods have been reported: physical, chemical, and biological. In this technical note, a transfection method using cationic lipids is described for studies of gene function and the expression of mutant proteins.

著者

柏原 正和

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.12, pp.1113-1114, 1955-12-15 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

11