著者

小柳 公代

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.218, pp.111-115, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

著者

後藤 邦夫

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.218, pp.116-117, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.218, pp.118-126, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

著者

吉田 省子

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.219, pp.129-136, 2001 (Released:2021-08-16)

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Astronomer Kiyotsugu HIRAYAMA (1874-1943), known for his discovery of the families of asteroids in 1918, advocated the explosion theory that any families of asteroids were formed out of the breakup of a single large asteroid. Since, however, he had no decisive astronomical evidence for the theory, he asked experimental physicist Seitaro SUZUKI (1887-1977) to carry out experiments in SUZUKI's laboratory to obtain the data which support the theory. In response, SUZUKI conducted from 1931 1938 a series of experiments to destroy balls (made of sealing wax, clay and chalk) and investigated the relation between the sizes of fragments and their numbers by varying the impulse given to the balls. The destruction of balls was meant to be an analogue of the destruction he assumed of asteroids. Comparing experimental results obtained in the laboratory and the observed SIZE distribution of asteroids, he could only show that the explosion theory for the origin of the asteroids was a little more preferable to the alternative, collision theory. Both HIRAYAMA and SUZUKI had shared common interest in explaining astronomical facts by employing experimental results obtained in laboratories. However on the other hand, there was a small but significant difference in their focal points. Astronomer HIRAYAMA wanted to know specifically the origin of the families of asteroids, while physicist SUZUKI was interested in the origin of asteroids themselves in a broader perspective. In fact, SUZUKI had carried out in 1921, without any astronomical interest, some experiments he conducted in 1930s were motivated by his astronomical interest, they were an exteded version of those earlier experiments.

著者

株本 訓久

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.12-23, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

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The purpose of this paper is the assessment of K. HIRAYAMA's study of Cepheid variable stars in Japanese and in the international trend of studying the variable stars. K. HIRAYAMA published four papers about variable stars in 1931 and in 1932, and he formed the contact theory which was one of the non-pulsation theories of Cepheid variable stars. S. SHINJYO, who was the Japanese researcher of Cepheid variable stars before K. HIRAYAMA, published five papers about variable stars from 1922 to 1926, and he formed the eccentric nucleus theory which was one of the non-pulsation theories of Cepheid variable stars. It was interesting to note that those researchers formed the non-pulsation theory after H. Shapley's study of the pulsation theory of Cepheid variable stars in 1914 and A.S. Eddington's study of the pulsation theory of Cepheid variable stars in 1919. S.SHINJYO and K.HIRAYAMA formed these non-pulsation theories in order to explain not only mechanism of the variable stars but also the energy source of stars and the stellar evolution. We concluded that their study of these non-pulsation theories was one of the evidence that the pulsation theory was established during 1930's at which the energy source of stars and the stellar evolution were established.

著者

玉川 達夫

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.35-38, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

著者

小林 龍彦

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.39-40, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

著者

後藤 邦夫

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.41-48, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

著者

鈴木 善次

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.49, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

著者

梶 雅範

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.50-52, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.53-63, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

著者

平井 浩

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.218, pp.65-74, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

著者

本間 栄男

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.202-210, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

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During the collaboration of Beeckman and Descartes at Breda (1618-1619), they studied problems of mixed mathematics by so-called "physico-mathematica". In this paper I clarify the meaning of "physico-mathematica" for Beeckman especially in his musical theory. Beeckman considered the "physico-mathematica" as a way of giving the corpuscular interpretations both to the examples Descartes submitted to him (such as consonance and resonance) and to the problems of the musical theory (division of octave) which have been already demonstrated in the mathematical form by Descartes. This way of philosophizing depended on Beeckman's corpuscular theory of sound which he thought was a sequence of beats (ictus) of corpuscles of air. In those musical problems Beeckman acted as the "physico-mathematician" and Descartes as a traditional mixed mathematician.

著者

安孫子 誠也

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.211-216, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

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There are two versions of the Japanese text of Einstein's "Kyoto Address." One is the original text by Jun Ishiwara, the physicist-colleague and translator of Einstein's, and the other is its revised version by one of Ishiwara's sons. It is pointed out that the existing English versions of the "Kyoto Address" are made by the translation from the revised version, which is somewhat different from the original. The other point made is related with the argument by Ryoichi Itagaki that the description in Kyoto Address on Einstein's knowledge of Michelson's experiment should be regarded as written in the subjunctive mood and does not correspond to the reality. But, this interpretation is against Ishiwara's own text and also to Einstein's own love letter to Maric in 1899.

著者

任 正爀

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.217-222, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

著者

小川 束 小林 龍彦 佐藤 賢一 藤井 康生 佐藤 健一

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.223-229, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

著者

八木 江里 桑原 雅子 原田 智代 出浦 淑枝 川島 慶子 弓削 尚子

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.230-240, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

著者

飯島 孝

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.241-246, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.247, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

著者

岡田 大士

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.1-11, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

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This paper has analyzed the path to the reform manifesto "Tokyo Kogyo Daigaku Sassin Yoko" in February 1946, which was a landmark in the so-called "Wada Reform", the immediate post-war university reform at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, named after the then president, Koroku Wada after the World War II. The analysis was based on manuscript records of the Reform Committee written by one of its members, which had never been examined before. The author took interviews from surviving emeritus professors who were members of the Committee. The reform process, from September 1945 up to January 31, 1946, when the Reform Manifesto was adopted, can be divided into the following four periods. I. From the end of September to November 2, 1945 : the Reform Committee, headed by the president Wada, discussed a reforming ideal. They decided to concentrate on the abolition of narrow-minded and overspecialized departments in the first stage of the university reform. II. November 2, to December 14, 1945 : the Committee tried hard and with various means to persuade unwilling faculty members into abolishing the departments. III. From December 14 to December 18, 1945 : at the end of the period, the university finally decided to abolish the departments in the plenary faculty meeting, employing the support of reform-minded junior members. IV. December 19, 1945 to January 31, 1946 : the committee discussed some details of the reform. And the Reform Manifesto was adopted officially in the plenary faculty meeting at the end of this period. The Reform Committee was concentrated on the abolition of the departments to reform the war-ridden university, not insisting on the dismissal of some "undesirable" faculty members, unlike in other universities. The Reform Committee consisted of ten members, including President Wada and Secretary General, represented liberal, even radical faculty members, and they reformed the university very swiftly. They employed the enthusiastic support of reform-minded junior members of the university and passive recognition of politically indifferent, narrow-specialty-conscious faculty who were at a loss after the war.