著者

Kohei Kamegai Noriko Iwamoto Masahiro Ishikane Kei Yamamoto Kumi Horii Shiho Kubota Akira Hangaishi Hiroshi Shimazu Tomiteru Togano Hiroyuki Yamashita Yasuhide Yamada Norio Ohmagari

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01053, (Released:2023-11-15)

参考文献数

27

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Immunocompromised coronavirus disease 2019 patients are at a higher risk of prolonged viral shedding than immunocompetent patients. However, as of August 2023, there is no clear international standard for de-isolating vulnerable patients. A comprehensive assessment is advisable based on various information, such as the increase in immune escape of specific mutant strains as well as the patient's innate immunity and vaccination status; therefore, consultation with an infectious disease specialist is recommended. The patient population defined as moderately or severely immunocompromised by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control is significantly broad. A boundary between the two remains to be delineated, and the existing protocols allow the release of patients based on their symptoms alone. This may lead to an unnecessary extension or premature termination of isolation. In this study, we searched for studies, particularly those that used real-world data, discussed the results with experts in our hospital, and proposed new isolation criteria based on both testing and clinical symptoms. We classified patients into three groups namely severely, moderately, and mildly immunocompromised, defined by their background and the administration of immunosuppressive drugs. A separate flowchart for ending isolation is indicated for each group. This standard may be a useful support material, especially for non-specialists. Nevertheless, our criteria must be revised and added continuously; accumulating real-world data to support revision of and addition to the list is becoming increasingly important.

著者

Eiko Saito Shiori Tanaka Sarah Krull Abe Mayo Hirayabashi Junko Ishihara Kota Katanoda Yingsong Lin Chisato Nagata Norie Sawada Ribeka Takachi Atsushi Goto Junko Tanaka Kayo Ueda Megumi Hori Tomohiro Matsuda Manami Inoue

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01001, (Released:2023-05-04)

参考文献数

34

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Controlling avoidable causes of cancer may save cancer-related healthcare costs and indirect costs of premature deaths and productivity loss. This study aimed to estimate the economic burden of cancer attributable to major lifestyle and environmental risk factors in Japan in 2015. We evaluated the economic cost of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors from a societal perspective. We obtained the direct medical costs for 2015 from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan, and estimated the indirect costs of premature mortality and of morbidity due to cancer using the relevant national surveys in Japan. Finally, we estimated the economic cost of cancer associated with lifestyle and environmental risk factors. The estimated cost of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors was 1,024,006 million Japanese yen (\) (8,460 million US dollars [$]) for both sexes, and \673,780 million ($5,566 million) in men and \350,226 million ($2,893 million) in women, using the average exchange rate in 2015 ($1 = \121.044). A total of \285,150 million ($2,356 million) was lost due to premature death in Japan in 2015. Indirect morbidity costs that could have been prevented were estimated to be \200,602 million ($1,657 million). Productivity loss was highest for stomach cancer in men (\28,735 million/$237 million) and cervical cancer in women (\24,448 million/$202 million). Preventing and controlling cancers caused by infections including Helicobacter pylori, human papillomavirus and tobacco smoking will not only be life-saving but may also be cost-saving in the long run.

著者

Kyoji Ito Norio Ohmagari Ayako Mikami Wataru Sugiura

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020.01034, (Released:2020-04-29)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 16

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The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a serious threat to global public health and economies. Currently, hundreds of clinical trials on a wide variety of treatments against COVID-19 are being conducted around the world. Here, we conducted a search for ongoing clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 at the clinicaltrials.gov database on April 2, 2020. In total, 48 clinical trials were identified, and of these, 41 trials adopted drug intervention and the other 7 trials utilized biological intervention. The number of trials stratified by a chief country conducting the investigation were 18 in China, 5 in the United States, 4 in Canada, 3 in Italy, 2 in France and Brazil, and 4 trials are being performed multinationally. The drugs utilized in more than one trials were remdesivir (6 trials), lopinavir/ritonavir (6 trials), hydroxychloroquine (6 trials), interferon (5 trials), methylprednisolone (3 trials), nitric oxide gas (3 trials), oseltamivir (2 trials), arbidol (2 trials), and vitamin C (2 trials). We also described the Japanese trials which are now being conducted or scheduled, utilizing lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, ciclesonide and nafamostat.

著者

Ayako Honda Toyomitsu Tamura Hiroko Baba Haruka Kodoi Shinichiro Noda

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01020, (Released:2022-09-11)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

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Human resources for health are at the center of healthcare service delivery and play an important role in ensuring the resilience of health systems. Utilizing the results from a case study examining hospital resilience during COVID-19, this article draws on the experience of individual hospital staff during the first and second waves of the pandemic, briefly describes government responses to support human resources for health during the early stages of the pandemic, and argues the importance of constructive discussions about strategies to create an enabling work environment for healthcare providers, both clinical and non-clinical, during future health shocks.

著者

Hajime Inoue

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.131-132, 2020-04-30 (Released:2020-05-10)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 27

---

Despite substantial inflow of infected cases at the early stage of the pandemic, as of the end of April, Japan manages the outbreak of COVID-19 without systematic breakdown of health care. This Japanese paradox – limited fatality despite loose restriction – may have multiple contributing factors, including general hygiene practice of the population, customs such as not shaking hands or hugging, lower prevalence of obesity and other risk factors. Along with these societal and epidemiological conditions, health policy options, which are characteristic to Japan, would be considered as one of the contribution factors. Some health policy factors relatively unique to Japan are described in this article.

著者

Simone Villa Andrea Lombardi Davide Mangioni Giorgio Bozzi Alessandra Bandera Andrea Gori Mario C. Raviglione

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020.01016, (Released:2020-04-09)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

40

---

COVID-19, that emerged in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China and is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly evolved into a pandemic. Italy has become one of the largest epicentres outside Asia, accounting now for at least 80,539 infections (cumulative incidence of 95.9/100,000) and 8,165 deaths (case fatality rate 10.1%). It has seriously affected people above the age of 60 years. The International Health Regulations (IHR) revised in 2005 bind governments to disclose vital information regarding the identification and detection of new disease outbreaks regardless of its causative agent. In contrast to the previous SARS epidemic, China timely informed the world about the onset of a new outbreak. It also soon disclosed the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19. Unfortunately, despite the fast recognition of the Chinese epidemic, the application of the 2005 IHR was not followed by an effective response in every country and most health authorities failed to rapidly perceive the threat posed by COVID-19. To further complicate matters, IHR implementation, which relies primarily on self-reporting data rather than on an external review mechanism, was limited in speed and further hindered by high costs. The response in Italy suffered from several limitations within the health system and services. The action against this threat must instead be quick, firm and at the highest trans-national level. The solution lies in further strengthening countries' preparedness through a clear political commitment, mobilization of proper resources and implementation of a strict surveillance and monitoring process.

著者

Yudai Kaneda Kenzo Takahashi Akihiko Ozaki Tetsuya Tanimoto

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01006, (Released:2023-07-16)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2

---

The “Hiroshima Vision”, unveiled at the G7 Hiroshima Summit in 2023, leaves room for enhancement in the specific content of equitable global vaccine distribution plans. Despite the efforts of COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX), vaccine supply faces severe disparities, with high-income countries receiving a disproportionately larger share. To mitigate future public health crises, mechanisms proven by past instances, such as establishing regional vaccine hubs, promoting technology transfers, and considering early patent rights relinquishment, need to be implemented. Correcting vaccine inequity necessitates learning from the COVID-19 pandemic and demands global cooperation and consensus from the G7.

著者

Ikuma Nozaki Minori Tsukada Pech Sothy Kim Rattana Kate Williams

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01021, (Released:2023-06-20)

参考文献数

28

---

Similar to other countries, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic significantly impacted not only the ability of midwives to deliver high quality maternal care, but also their ability to access professional development opportunities, including in-service training in Cambodia. In response, we developed a Cambodian version of Safe Delivery App (SDA), aligned to Cambodia's clinical guidelines. The SDA is a free digital job aid and learning platform for skilled birth attendants developed by Maternity Foundation that works offline and is used in more than 40 countries after adapting to the country context. In the year and a half since its launch in June 2021, SDA has become established in Cambodia, with more than 3,000 people, accounting for nearly half the number of midwives in Cambodia, downloading and using it on their devices, and 285 people having completed its self-learning modules. The review of the introduction process revealed that publicity on the professional association's social networking sites, in-person in-depth hands-on training, and troubleshooting in a managed social networking group were useful in promoting the use of the application, and that the Continuing Professional Development Program accreditation has been a strong motivator for completing the self-study program. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased use of digital tools, but it is important to prevent the expansion of the digital divide when implementing new digital tools, including SDA.

著者

Aya Tanaka Linka Koun Rei Haruyama Kyna Uy Maryan Chhit Lumpiny Kim Noriko Fujita Yutaka Osuga Tadashi Kimura Kanal Koum

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01002, (Released:2023-06-18)

参考文献数

21

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The clinical features of newly diagnosed cervical cancer in Cambodia are poorly documented. We aimed to describe the histologic type and stage distributions of newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients at the Khmer Soviet Friendship Hospital in Phnom Penh, which is one of the two national cancer centers in Cambodia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the Gynecologic Test Registry of the gynecology department between January and December 2019. In 2019, 351 women were histologically diagnosed with cervical cancer, representing approximately one-third of the estimated total cases occurring in the country. The mean age at presentation was 54.7 years. The histologic type distribution was largely consistent with other Asian countries, with squamous cell carcinoma accounting for 83.8%, followed by adenocarcinoma (15.4%). Among 309 patients with recorded staging information, 57.6% were advanced-stage cancers (i.e. stage IIB or higher). Raising awareness of early symptoms of cervical cancer, increasing access to cancer diagnosis, and better recording of patients’ clinical information are important to improve cervical cancer management in Cambodia.

著者

Ryogo Minamimoto Tomomichi Kiyomatsu

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.3, pp.129-133, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-07-05)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

17

---

COVID-19 vaccination using mRNA technology began at the end of 2020 in several countries, approximately 9 months after the WHO declared the new coronavirus a pandemic, and began in Japan at the end of February 2021. Several studies have reported FDG avidity in enlarged axillary lymph nodes as a specific feature of FDG-PET/CT imaging after COVID-19 vaccination. A major concern is that this finding could lead to a misdiagnosis in patients with various types of malignancy. We review the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the management of patients scheduled for FDG-PET/CT in the setting of nationwide mass vaccination.

著者

Yoshinori Sasaki Shoko Sasaki Hikaru Sunakawa Yusuke Toguchi Shuichi Tanese Kiyoshi Saito Rena Shinohara Toshinari Kurokouchi Kaori Sugimoto Kotoe Itagaki Yukino Yoshida Saori Namekata Momoka Takahashi Ikuhiro Harada Yuki Hakosima Kumi Inazaki Yuta Yoshimura Yuki Mizumoto Takayuki Okada Masahide Usami

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01001, (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

5

---

This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of mental health of child and adolescent psychiatric patients during temporary school closure throughout the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan using the Questionnaire - Children with Difficulties (QCD) and other useful psychological rating scales. The participants were those who visited the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kohnodai Hospital. From those 1,463 participants, case and control groups were selected: 92 patients who visited the hospital during the temporary school closure from March 2020 to May 2020 (case group) and randomly sampled sex- and age-matched 92 patients during the pre-COVID period from April 2017 to March 2020 (control group). QCD is a parent-assessed questionnaire designed to evaluate the difficulties of children along the course of a day, right from waking up in the morning to retiring to bed at night. Lower scores indicate stronger difficulties. QCD scores were compared between the two groups in each of the following age groups: elementary school (6-12 years of age) and junior high school (12-15 years of age). In elementary school students, scores "during school" of QCD indicating functioning or disabilities during school hours were 3.31 ± 2.52 and 4.52 ± 2.33 in case group and control group, respectively (p < 0.05). In junior high school students, scores "Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD-RS)" indicating ADHD symptoms were 16.78 ± 12.69 and 11.80 ± 10.40 in case group and control group, respectively (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that the closure of schools due to the pandemic might worsen difficulties among elementary school patients, and hyperactivity and impulsivity might increase among junior high school patients. The long-term impact of stress caused by school closure on child and adolescent psychiatric patients needs to be investigated in the future.

著者

Masahide Usami Shoko Sasaki Hikaru Sunakawa Yusuke Toguchi Syuichi Tanese Kiyoshi Saito Rena Shinohara Toshinari Kurokochi Kaori Sugimoto Kotoe Itagaki Yukino Yoshida Saori Namekata Momoka Takahashi Ikuhiro Harada Yuki Hakoshima Kumi Inazaki Yuta Yoshimura Yuki Mizumoto

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.119-121, 2021-04-30 (Released:2021-05-08)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

7

---

COVID-19 causes very serious issues all over the world. In Japan, the number of new infections in Tokyo exceeded 2,000 for the first time on 7 January 2021, and the situation is becoming increasingly serious. Japan is in the midst of its third big outbreak. Japanese society will face several challenges regarding children's mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to develop healthy minds in children, it is important to view the changes in children's minds in a positive light and promote their healthy emotional development while correctly fearing COVID-19. This sense of social stagnation and uncertainty is likely to increase feelings of insecurity and isolation among children. It is also important to prevent the repetition of child abuse in the home due to parental unemployment, alcohol problems, and reduced contact with non-family members in stay home and the recession as a result of COVID-19. During the pandemic, adults should be sensitive to the unusual behavior of children. We propose six suggestions of care for children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

著者

Satoshi Kutsuna

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.78-88, 2020-04-30 (Released:2020-05-10)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

14

---

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. As of March 30, 2020, there have been 693,224 reported patients with COVID-19 worldwide, with 1,446 in Japan. Currently, although aspects of the route of transmission are unclear, infection by contact and by inhaling droplets is considered to be the dominant transmission route. Inflammatory symptoms in the upper respiratory tract persist for several days to 1 week after onset, and in some patients symptoms of pneumonia worsen and become severe. The presence of underlying diseases and advanced age are risk factors for increased severity. Diagnosis is based on detection of SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal swabs or sputum. Symptomatic management is the main treatment for this disease. Although the efficacy of several agents is currently being tested, at present there is no effective therapeutic agent. To prevent infection, in addition to standard preventive measures, measures that counteract infection by contact and droplet inhalation are important. In addition, if procedures that cause aerosolization of virus are used, then measures that prevent airborne infection should be implemented.

著者

Kayoko Hayakawa Satoshi Kutsuna Takeo Kawamata Yuko Sugiki Chiharu Nonaka Keiko Tanaka Michi Shoji Masaki Nagai Shunsuke Tezuka Kazuyuki Shinya Hiroki Saito Takahiro Harada Nin Moriya Motoyuki Tsuboi Masataro Norizuki Yasuo Sugiura Yasuyo Osanai Masaya Sugiyama Ayako Okuhama Kohei Kanda Yuji Wakimoto Mugen Ujiie Shinichiro Morioka Kei Yamamoto Noriko Kinoshita Masahiro Ishikane Sho Saito Yuki Moriyama Masayuki Ota Keiji Nakamura Takato Nakamoto Satoshi Ide Hidetoshi Nomoto Yutaro Akiyama Tetsuya Suzuki Yusuke Miyazato Yoshiaki Gu Nobuaki Matsunaga Shinya Tsuzuki Yumiko Fujitomo Yoshiki Kusama Hiroyuki Shichino Masao Kaneshige Junko Yamanaka Miki Saito Masayuki Hojo Masao Hashimoto Shinyu Izumi Jin Takasaki Manabu Suzuki Keita Sakamoto Yukio Hiroi Sakurako Emoto Makoto Tokuhara Toshiaki Kobayashi Koichiro Tomiyama Fumihiko Nakamura Norio Ohmagari Haruhito Sugiyama

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020.01036, (Released:2020-04-29)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

25

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Due to the significant spread of a new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) in China, the Chinese government blockaded several cities in Hubei Province. Japanese citizens lost a means of transportation to return back to Japan. The National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) helped the operation of charter flights for evacuation of Japanese residents from Hubei Province, and this article outlines our experiences. A total of five charter flights were dispatched, and the majority of returnees (793/829 [95.7%]) were handled at NCGM. A large number of personnel from various departments participated in this operation; 107 physicians, 115 nurses, 110 clerical staff, and 45 laboratory technicians in total. Several medical translators were also involved. In this operation, we conducted airborne precautions in addition to contact precautions. Eye shields were also used. The doctors collecting the pharyngeal swab used a coverall to minimize the risk of body surface contamination from secretions and droplets. Enhanced hand hygiene using alcohol hand sanitizer was performed. Forty-eight persons were ultimately hospitalized after the triage at NCGM operation, which was more than the number of persons triaged at the airport (n = 34). Of those hospitalized after NCGM triage, 8.3% (4/48 patients) ultimately tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, significantly higher than the positive rate among subjects not triaged (4/48 [8.3%] vs. 9/745 [1.2%]: p = 0.0057). NCGM participated in a large-scale operation to evacuate Japanese nationals from the COVID-19 epidemic area. We were able to establish a scheme through this experience that can be used in the future.

著者

Keisuke Kuwahara Ai Hori Norio Ohmagari Tetsuya Mizoue

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020.01041, (Released:2020-04-29)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

4

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the globe, presenting severe challenges to societies. Gaining a better understanding of patient demographics is essential to develop measures to counteract such spreading. In this context, from a viewpoint of occupational health, we analyzed the publicly available data on patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Tokyo, which reported the highest number of cases in Japan. A total of 243 cases aged 20 years or older (excluding students) were recorded between January 14 and March 27, 2020. Of 233 cases excluding 10 cases of the first cluster, 162 were men and 176 were of working age (20 to 69 years). Of 203 cases with valid information on employment status, 151 (74%) were workers: 114 employees, 31 self-employed, and 6 medical staff. Of the working patients, the majority were male: 72% in employed and 87% in self-employed. These data suggest the importance of occupational health in controlling the spread of COVID-19. In April 2020, a state of emergency was declared in response to a surge in the number of cases, especially in metropolitan areas. A working schedule associated with lower risks of infection, including telework and flexible working hours, should be rigorously promoted to minimize human-to-human contact. Such policies, along with the implementation of effective measures to protect essential workers from infection, overwork, and stigma, would ensure the smooth running of society amidst the present crisis.

著者

Seiya Yamayoshi Yoshihiro Kawaoka

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.1-2, 2020-02-29 (Released:2020-03-26)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2

---

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported at the end of 2019 in China. By the end of February 2020, the virus has spread worldwide through continuous human-to-human transmission via contact and droplet infection, demonstrating the ease with which emerging viruses disperse globally through the mass transport system. Here, we summarize our knowledge of other coronaviruses that have infected humans in comparison with SARS-CoV-2.

著者

Hiroki Saito Takanori Funaki Kazuhiro Kamata Kazuhiko Ide Sachiko Nakamura Yasunori Ichimura Kazuaki Jindai Takeshi Nishijima Rieko Takahashi McLellan Chiori Kodama Jun Sugihara Shinya Tsuzuki Mugen Ujiie Hiroyuki Noda Kazunari Asanuma

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019.01032, (Released:2020-01-27)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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In 2015, Japan created a unique governmental program to train experts in health emergencies called Infectious Disease Emergency Specialist (IDES). This is a concept paper to set out the goal and structure of the program, and to describe the achievement and the way forward to further contribute to global health security. The IDES program background, mission, structure, achievement, and future directions were reviewed and discussed by the IDES trainees, graduates, and program coordinators/supervisors. Since 2015, thirteen Japanese medical doctors have graduated from the program while five are currently in training. The IDES core competencies were identified in the context of a wide range of skillsets required for health emergencies. A large national and global network has been created through the training. Coordinated work with surge capacity of experts is of paramount importance to prepare for and respond to public health emergencies. The IDES program can be a good model to many other governments, and contribute to global health security.

著者

Megumi Ikemoto Nobuaki Inoue Oyunbileg Yambii Davaasuren Serdamba Bayarmaa Demberel Munkhuu Manlai Battsooj Batchuluun Dondogmaa Demchig Narantsetseg Ulam-Orgikh Erkhembayar Purvee Mari Nagai

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01027, (Released:2023-09-13)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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Midwives are professionals who fulfill maternal and child health needs. In Mongolia, midwives were unable to transfer their knowledge and skills to the next generation midwives last few decades. The details of their experiences and the comprehensive aspects of continuing professional development (CPD) are still unclear. This study aimed to assess the current status of midwives in clinical practice through an online symposium. Relevant information was collected from presentations, question-and-answer sessions, and questionnaires. It was found that CPD has unclear training plans, no specialized training, and with them having little experience with CPD. Newly graduated midwives do not have an educational program. As of the current status, midwifery services are not provided at the clinical site in the scope of midwifery job descriptions. This study also discusses the situation of low status and salary in midwifery. Strengthening the system of midwifery CPD like development of the educational program is needed.

著者

Eisuke Adachi Amato Otani Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi Masayuki Saijo Tomoya Saito

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01089, (Released:2023-11-27)

参考文献数

12

---

At the beginning of the mpox (disease caused by monkey pox) epidemic, there was no platform in Japan to provide appropriate information on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), and the number of accesses to bioterrorism-related information sites increased rapidly. Even though the interest in mpox was much smaller than in coronavirus infectious disease, emerged in late 2019 (COVID-19), the increase in the number of views were much greater than during the COVID-19 epidemic. This may not be because mpox is bioterrorism-related as an analog of smallpox, but rather because there were no other websites providing information on mpox. For future crisis management, there should be a platform to provide information on possible epidemics of EIDs from normal times in Japan.

著者

Mami Wakabayashi Masahiko Hachiya Noriko Fujita Kenichi Komada Hiromi Obara Ikuma Nozaki Sumiyo Okawa Eiko Saito Yasushi Katsuma Hiroyasu Iso

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01049, (Released:2023-11-05)

参考文献数

31

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This study aimed to examine the changes that took place between 2015–2019 and 2020 and reveal how the COVID-19 pandemic affected financial contributions from donors. We used the Creditor Reporting System database of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to investigate donor disbursement. Focusing on the Group of Seven (G7) countries and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), we analyzed their development assistance for health (DAH) in 2020 and the change in their disbursement between 2015 and 2020. As a result, total disbursements for all sectors increased by 14% for the G7 and the BMGF. In 2020, there was an increase in DAH for the BMGF and the G7 except for the United States. The total disbursement amount for the "COVID-19" category by G7 countries and the BMGF was approximately USD 3 billion in 2020, which was 3 times larger than for Malaria, 8.5 times larger for Tuberculosis, and 60% smaller for STDs including HIV/AIDS for the same year. In 2020 as well, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, and Canada saw their disbursements decline for more than half of 26 sectors. In conclusion, the impact of COVID-19 was observed in the changes in DAH disbursement for three major infectious diseases and other sectors. To consistently address the health needs of low- and middle-income countries, it is important to perform a follow-up analysis of their COVID-19 disbursements and the influence of other DAH areas.