著者

Tomoko Tajiri Chisako Wada Hirotsugu Ohkubo Norihisa Takeda Kensuke Fukumitsu Satoshi Fukuda Yoshihiro Kanemitsu Takehiro Uemura Masaya Takemura Ken Maeno Yutaka Ito Tetsuya Oguri Akio Niimi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.4746-20, (Released:2020-07-21)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

12

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Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is an acute respiratory illness with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and pulmonary eosinophilia. While the etiology of AEP remains unclear, a relationship between cigarette smoking and AEP onset has been suggested. The use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) has been growing, but the impact of these products on our health is not fully understood. We herein report a case of AEP that developed after switching from conventional cigarette to HTP smoking. The patient's condition improved after the cessation of HTP smoking and corticosteroid treatment initiation. In cases of AEP, physicians should consider HTPs use as a possible cause.

著者

飯田忠彦 著

出版者

春秋社

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第4, 1944

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1920年06月19日, 1920-06-19

出版者

横浜商業会議所

巻号頁・発行日

vol.下巻, 1909

著者

奈良女子高等師範学校裁縫研究会 編

出版者

東洋図書

巻号頁・発行日

vol.特種物篇, 1949

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1925年08月12日, 1925-08-12

出版者

新婦人協会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第3巻 洋風束髪, 1926

著者

重田定一 著

出版者

有成館

巻号頁・発行日

1916

著者

江崎政忠 著

出版者

綿貫和夫

巻号頁・発行日

1940

著者

宮本 健太郎

雑誌

第43回日本神経科学大会

巻号頁・発行日

2020-06-15

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To explore and survive in an unpredictable, volatile world with multiple alternatives available, people and other animals, such as macaque monkeys, need to estimate uncertainty before making a decision. However, the neural mechanism to enable proactive metacognitive judgements based on evaluation of uncertainties is unknown.In our first study on humans with functional neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation, we newly invented a prospective metacognitive matching task. In the task, participants were required to estimate their performance (`subjective probability') to classify the direction of ambiguous motion in random-dot kinematogram task. Then they compared this subjective probability with the probability of reward offered by the alternative external cues (`environmental probability') and chose the better probability option in prior to performing the motion classification. Activity in several frontal and parietal areas reflected both subjective and environmental probabilities during perceptual decision making. Anterior lateral prefrontal cortex (alPFC, area 47), however, tracked evidence relating to subjective probabilities both when a choice was taken and when it was rejected. Moreover, fMRI signals in alPFC modulated by subjective probability predicted prospective metacognition performance and ability. These observations suggest that alPFC plays a critical role to assess one's own cognitive skills and mental states proactively to take an optimal choice in the future.In our second study on monkeys with functional neuroimaging and targeted pharmacological intervention, we previously found that the dorsal prefrontal and frontopolar cortices confer decision confidence on experience and ignorance, respectively, during a serial-probe recognition memory task (Miyamoto et al., 2017, Science 355(6321); Miyamoto et al., 2018 Neuron 97(4)). We have newly found that the inferior parietal lobule (area PG) contributes to integrate these confidence read-outs and execute a strategically optimal decision making for post-decision wagering based on self-reflection of performance in the precedent memory task.These human and monkey studies converge to suggest that higher-order processes to proactively evaluate subjective uncertainties are implemented in primate neural networks. The neural mechanism would be essential to convert metacognition into action.

著者

A. H. M. Enamul Kabir Masahiko Sekine Tsuyoshi Imai Koichi Yamamoto

出版者

Japan Society on Water Environment

雑誌

Journal of Water and Environment Technology (ISSN:13482165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.175-194, 2020 (Released:2020-06-10)

参考文献数

103

被引用文献数

9

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Marine microplastics pollution has been an emerging global threat. This study investigated microplastics pollution in the ‘Seto Inland Sea (SIS)’ and ‘Sea of Japan (SJ)’ surrounded Yamaguchi prefecture areas in Japan. The density separation method was applied to extract microplastics from sea surface sediment and water samples. Polymeric compounds were identified through ATR-FTIR analysis. The average microplastic abundances were 112.57 ± 121.30 items/kg in sediment and 57.46 ± 20.82 items/L in water. Abundance comparisons revealed similar level of pollution in both sea areas and medium to high-level pollution than others around the world. Characterization revealed that fragments and small microplastics (< 1,000 µm) predominated sediments. Fragments and films were major shapes in the SIS sediments while only fragments predominated the SJ sediments. Large microplastics (1,000–5,000 µm) fibers predominated water in all the areas. Transparent microplastics predominated both the sediments and water. Polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, and polypropylene were major polymers in sediments while polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene predominated water. No significant correlations of microplastics abundances and characteristics were observed between sediment and water. Anthropogenic activities and environmental factors were speculated to be the main sources of microplastics in these areas. Overall, this study indicated that microplastics pollution in these marine areas could be an alarming environmental problem.

著者

Yuka Kojima Anikó Várnai Vincent G. H. Eijsink Makoto Yoshida

出版者

FCCA(Forum: Carbohydrates Coming of Age)

雑誌

Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology (ISSN:09157352)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.188, pp.E135-E143, 2020-07-25 (Released:2020-07-25)

参考文献数

95

被引用文献数

3

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The group of filamentous fungi called wood rotting fungi comprises the main decomposers of woody biomass in forest ecosystems. These wood rotting fungi secrete various extracellular enzymes, such as cellulases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) to degrade cellulose in wood cell walls. Interestingly, one particular group of wood-rotting fungi, called brown-rot fungi, lacks key cellulases for degrading crystalline cellulose, namely cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), with only a few exceptions. On the other hand, genes encoding LPMOs are widely conserved among brown-rot fungi, suggesting the importance of these enzymes in the brown-rot system. In this paper, after reviewing the wood degradation process by wood rotting fungi, we describe the history of the discovery of LPMOs and then review current knowledge on the characteristics of these enzymes. We then review our research on LPMOs derived from a brown-rot fungus and discuss possible physiological roles of LPMOs in the brown-rot system. Finally, we address the significance of LPMOs in the evolution of brown-rot system.

著者

長澤 勢理香

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.51-73, 2016

著者

垣内 典夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.120-127, 1990-02-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

被引用文献数

1

著者

向井 幹夫

出版者

公益財団法人 日本心臓財団

雑誌

心臓 (ISSN:05864488)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.8, pp.816-821, 2017-08-15 (Released:2018-08-15)

参考文献数

23

著者

三田哲學會 [編]

出版者

丸善

巻号頁・発行日

1926

著者

斎藤彰宏 丸山直之 藤原陽子

雑誌

デジタルプラクティス

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.292-297, 2011-10-15

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サーバの騒音増大と作業者の騒音曝露による健康被害が報告されているが,関係者の関心はまだまだ低く,調査も不十分である.本論文はサーバの騒音曝露と健康被害に焦点を当て,実運用中のデータセンタ,およびサーバ設置オフィスでの測定や対策方法について調査・検討を行った上で,有効な対策メソッドを提案する.

著者

南貞助

巻号頁・発行日

vol.南貞助略歴, 1881-07

著者

中 久治 土井 敦士 根岸 佑也 梶 克彦

雑誌

マルチメディア,分散協調とモバイルシンポジウム2017論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017, pp.1526-1533, 2017-06-21

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スマートフォンの普及により電車内やカフェなどの公共空間で音楽や動画,ゲームを手軽に楽しめ るようになった.それに伴い,イヤホンからの音漏れのような公共空間ならではの迷惑行為も,より顕著 な問題になりつつある.音漏れは周囲の環境音より大きいイヤホンからの漏出音であると捉えられ,音楽 を楽しむ本人が音漏れを聴けず,自身で音漏れに気付きにくい.本研究では,公共マナーの向上をねらい, スマートフォン自体が再生している音に関して音漏れ検出できる機能の実現を目的とする.しかしながら, 音漏れしやすい音域は,イヤホンと環境音に依存して変化する.また,再生する楽曲によっても変化する. そこで本稿では,再生楽曲の周波数特性のうち,イヤホンと環境音ごとの音漏れ特性を考慮し,音漏れす る可能性が高い周波数のみに注目して,マイクからの観測音と比較することで,効果的に音漏れを検出す る手法を提案する.実際に,スマートフォンを用いた楽曲の再生と録音を行い,イヤホンや環境音毎の音 漏れ特性モデルを構築し,提案手法を用いた実験を行い,音漏れ検出が可能であることを確認した.

著者

Kimiko YAMAKAWA-KOBAYASHI Yuya OHHARA Takumi KAWASHIMA Yoshitatsu OHISHI Yasunari KAYASHIMA

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.3, pp.131-138, 2020-06-01 (Released:2020-06-11)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

4

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Increasing oxidative stress seems to be the result of an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defenses. During the course of aging, oxidative stress causes tissue/cellular damage, which is implicated in numerous age-related diseases. Carnosinase (CN or CNDP) is dipeptidase, which is associated with carnosine and/or glutathione (GSH) metabolism, those are the most abundant naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide and tripeptides with antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. In the present study, we generated Drosophila cndp (dcndp) mutant flies using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to study the roles of dcndp in vivo. We demonstrate that dcndp mutant flies exhibit shorter lifespan and increased sensitivity to paraquat or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress. These results suggest that dcndp maintains homeostatic conditions, protecting cells and tissues against the harmful effects of oxidative stress in the course of aging.