著者

西牟田 祐二

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.85-93, 2007

著者

廣田 誠

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.5, pp.523-543, 2006-01-25 (Released:2017-06-09)

参考文献数

98

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During World War I, the price of daily necessities rose dramatically in Japan, causing city residents to face many difficulties. Officials in each city established a municipal retail market to ease the burden on citizens and began selling foodstuffs at reasonable prices. However, the municipal retail market in the city of Tokyo (which was the capital and most populated city) was not sufficiently developed. This paper discusses the reasons why the municipal retail market was not sufficiently developed in Tokyo prior to World War II; specifically, (1) the absence of a mayor and resistance of the city council members delayed the establishment of the municipal retail market, (2) shopkeepers strongly opposed the municipal retail market, and (3) the system to operate the municipal retail market was in disarray because of regular interference in municipal administrative affairs by the city council members.

著者

三木 さやこ

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.67-84,123, 2000-05-25 (Released:2017-08-22)

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This article will explore the dynamism of indigenous trading systems in Bengal under colonial control through a case study of the grain trade. In 1794 the government attempted to stabilize prices and to prevent famines by establishing state-run grain storehouses, but these policies were unsuccessful. Two major factors contributed to this failure. First, the government had not fully understood the spatial geography of the Bengal grain trade ; second, there was strong resistance to market intervention from native traders. To understand the background factors that led to this failure, we need to examine the operation of the indigenous trading system which was centered on wholesale grain markets, known as ganjs. The ganjs played an important role in linking producing areas and town markets. The traders in ganjs held stores of grain in their granaries, and by using their knowledge, trade experience, information and trading networks, they controlled both prices, and supply and demand. In other words, although the expansion of Company rule brought major changes to the overall economy, indigenous trading systems adapted to the new situation and continued to play a significant economic role.

著者

林 采成

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.71-93, 2002-05-25 (Released:2017-08-14)

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With the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the Korean National Railways (KNR) was confronted by a serious dilemma. Wartime mobilization required an increase in its transport capacity reinforcement, but the necessary material resources were lacking. To solve this dilemma, KNR reorganized its procurement process and established a labor-intensice railroad operation by means of increasing its operation frequency and train units. However, after the outbreak of the Pacific War, these measures ceased to be effective since KNR suffered from an extreme scarcity of management resources. Ultimately, this led to a transport crisis. After Korea was liberated from colonial Japanese rule in 1945, the Korean staff had to take complete responsibility for the operation of the railway network. But this led to a systematic crisis on top of the product-factor crisis because the Japanese staff who had been in charge of the upper strata of the internal organization had been dismissed and the railway network was divided into north and south. KNR had to develop new strata of Korean executives and set up a new procurement network under the command of the U.S. occupation forces. In conclusion, the operation of KNR by Koreans themselves began with the transition-period experiences which followed the 1945 Liberation.

著者

水鳥川 和夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.4, pp.525-545, 2011-02-25 (Released:2017-07-18)

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本論文では前稿における畿内に引き続き,中世西日本における使用升の容積と事実上の標準升を明らかにしようとするものである。升の容積は,農業生産力,土地制度,交易条件などを明らかにするための基本であるが,その重要性は十分に理解されているとはいえない。事実上の標準升を明らかにすることにより,市場の統合過程をよりよく理解することができるであろう。15世紀,西日本のうち西部地域では讃岐斗が標準升であり,東部地域では売升が市場升として使われていたが,同時に畿内本斗も標準的に使われていた。畿内本斗は讃岐斗とほとんど同じ容積であったので,西日本及び畿内において事実上の標準升が存在した。16世紀,売升は隣接地域に拡大し,標準升となったが,16世紀末になると西日本及び畿内では畿内本斗または讃岐斗が再び標準升となった。これは政治的統合に起因して市場統合がなされたことによるものと考えられる。

著者

寺西 重郎

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.4, pp.333-356, 2017

著者

マサイアス ピーター 川勝 平太

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.6, pp.713-734, 1990

著者

友部 謙一

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.4, pp.627-629, 2012

著者

大島 真理夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.61-78, 2005

参考文献数

33

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The 73rd annual meeting of the Socio-Economic History Society was held at Osaka City University on May 29 and 30, 2004. The general session was organized by Mario OSHIMA under the title shown above. The speakers took different approaches from those adopted in Japan so far to describe early modern economic history. They focused their views on the scarcity of land used for agriculture as a factor existing nearly everywhere in the world during this era. Industrious revolution, the term coined by Akira HAYAMI three decades ago, can be understood as farmers' efforts to overcome this resource constraint in rural Japan during the 18th and 19th centuries. Atsushi AOKI presented detailed research on four-character words representing land scarcity in formal Chinese histories and agricultural advisory documents issued by local governments, finding the constraint intensified already in the 11th and 12th centuries. Akihiko ETO presented evidence showing that 17th-century Japan still had land available for rice cultivation, which was much needed because of the big spurt of castle-town construction and the development of silver/gold mines aimed at obtaining foreign exchange; however, the country faced resource constraints during the latter half of the century. Takashi IIDA, basing his detailed study on Mark Brandenburg, pointed out that the sharp division between the full farmer class and cottagers in 18th-century eastern Elbe, Germany, intensified as population and agricultural production grew. Tsuneyuki DOHI and Atsuko OHASHI presented comments from the Russian and East Asian perspectives, respectively.

著者

高柳 友彦

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.3-25, 2007-05-25 (Released:2017-06-09)

被引用文献数

1

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本稿では,戦間期の熱海温泉を事例に,地域社会が自然条件の変化や利用客増加に対応して,再生可能な資源である源泉の維持管理をどのように行ってきたのか,規制主体である行政機構の温泉政策との関わりに着目しながら,その歴史的変化を明らかにした。財産区によって秩序づけられていた熱海温泉の源泉利用は,利用客の急増,源泉の枯渇といった事態から源泉統一が早急に必要とされ,町行政が共同管理の担い手となった。町行政が中心部の源泉を一手に管理し,加えて独占的に開発を行うことで湧出量を増加させ,同時に配給事業を行ったのである。この町有温泉の機能は主に3点あげられる。第1に源泉の無駄遣いを排し,効率的な源泉利用を可能としたこと,第2に利用上のリスクを回避することで,源泉利用の安定をもたらしたこと,第3に「開かれた源泉利用」を実現し,多くの住民が源泉を利用できるようになったことである。熱海温泉は,行政機構の政策,規則を背景に,町有温泉が地域社会の源泉利用を調整し,限られた資源を有効利用することで,その後の発展を可能にすることができた。

著者

川名 洋

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.197-207, 2007-07-25 (Released:2017-06-09)

著者

中村 美幸

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.5, pp.700-703, 1991-02-25

著者

大島 真理夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.4, pp.609-611, 2012

著者

石井 壽夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.7, pp.715-730, 1940

著者

石井 壽夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.6, pp.607-618, 1940

著者

永野 善子

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.287-316, 1997

著者

豊永 泰子

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.4, pp.593-596, 1988

著者

村越 一哲

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.5, pp.553-564, 2004-01-25 (Released:2017-06-16)

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The urban graveyard theory has emphasized that mortality is higher in urban than in rural areas. Osamu SAITO has reviewed research on urban and rural mortality in Tokugawa Japan (1603〜1867), and concludes that the theory has not yet been confirmed but seems likely if Farr's law is applied. This conclusion seems to have been widely accepted. In this paper, I examine whether it is reasonable to conclude that the urban mortality rate was high by using the data for 1883 to test whether Farr's law holds in the Japanese case. The results of my analysis are as follows: First, the mortality rate depends on the distributional patterns of population density in urban areas. Second, Farr's law should only hold for areas with similar patterns. Third, since urban areas in Japan showed various patterns at the beginning of the Meiji period (1868〜1912), only large areas with similar patterns follow Farr's law. Fourth, the existence of the different patterns should lead us to expect a wider range of urban mortality.

著者

石井 寛治

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.99-100, 2004-05-25 (Released:2017-08-09)

著者

中野 卓

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.567-581,7-8, 1966

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Here I describes how, in the Tokugawa Period, these merchant houses effectively utilized their social ties as the framework for entrepreneurial organization. The ie (house as an institutional group) is translated often to a patrilineal and patriarchal stem family, and the dozoku (institutionaiized group composed of a main house and its branches) to a patrilineal kin group, and these "kin" groups are always regarded as those which were basic for Tokugawa entrepreneurial organization. But, I must point that standerd kinship categories used by Western scholars simply do not fit the ie and dozoku of the Tokugawa Period. Kinship was an important basis for forming corporate enterprise groups among these merchant houses, yet they were not strictly kin groups. Each house could include non-kin members referring to the house head and his or her kin members. Among non-kin members of the house there were male and female persons, who were adopted as clerk apprentices and house maids. The master of the house establish for his ex-apprentices their branch houses as well as for his non-heir kin members. Such a master's house was called as main house to these kin and non-kin branches. Adoption of kin members or non-kin into the house made the merchant house be enough flexible to get serected able persons as the member. Merchant dozoku could also be enough flexible to be vital, especially through utilizing non-kin branches.