著者

坂井 信之 大沼 卓也

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 = The Japanese journal of psychonomic science (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.21-24, 2016-09

著者

山崎 晃男

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.25-28, 2016

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<p>Music often moves us and provides great pleasure. The origins of this ability of music remain a mystery. Recently, an increasing number of studies have proposed evolutionary theories of human musicality, although several researchers deny the adaptive value of music. In this paper, the origins of the pleasure that music provides were discussed in terms of human evolution and cultural adaptation. A possibility in which both evolutionary and cultural adaptation resulted in the pleasure of music was shown. Next, the relationship between music and visual stimuli was focused on. Owing to the development of music devices and the Internet, music is heard increasingly with visual stimuli, like background music in everyday life, films, drama, dance, computer games, music videos, etc. Based on the author's findings on the cross-modal effects between music and visual stimuli, the pleasure of listening to music with visual stimuli was discussed. It was emphasized that the meaning of music is strengthened, changed, and multi-layered by visual stimuli when it is enjoyed with the visual stimuli.</p>

著者

田根 健吾 道又 爾

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.1-10, 2016

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<p>Participants performed an association-learning task between colors and geometric figures. In the explicit presentation condition, the color and the figure were fully visible. In the implicit presentation condition, a continuous flash suppression technique was used so that the pairs were not consciously visible. After the learning procedure was complete, participants performed a two-alternative, forced-choice task in which they were to choose the learned pairs. In one-third of the trials, unlearned pairs were presented (the non-presentation condition). During the choice task, participant's eye movements were monitored. Results indicated that in all three conditions, there was a gaze bias toward the chosen pair prior to the response (gaze cascade effect, e.g., Shimojo, Simion, Shimojo, & Scheier, 2003). The gaze bias in the implicit presentation condition was higher than in the non-presentation condition. Moreover, the gaze bias started earlier in the implicit presentation condition than in the other conditions. These results supported the hypothesis that the gaze cascade effect reflects the process by which implicit information is used in making conscious decisions. Possible mechanisms of the gaze cascade effect are discussed.</p>

著者

苧阪 直行

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 = The Japanese journal of psychonomic science (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.14-19, 2016-09

著者

綾部 早穂

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.79-80, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-10-25)

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This is a proposal on establishment of Diverse Career Paths for Experimental Psychologists Committee of Japanese Psychonomic Society (JPS). The goal of the activity of this Committee is to investigate and analyze both needs and seeds of experts of experimental psychology in the industry, and to communicate the knowledge concerned within JPS and between other societies.

著者

田邊 宏樹

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.72-78, 2009

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There are two fundamental principles of functional organization in the human brain: functional specialization, and integration. Functional specialization assumes a local specialization for certain aspects of information processing. However, this view cannot characterize how local areas interact with each other. The other view, functional integration within a system, is able to address and characterize this issue in terms of effective connectivity. Effective connectivity is defined as the causal influences that neural units exert over another. This view is gradually gaining importance in the study of functional neuroimaging. The present article at first introduced four types of dynamic systems that are framed in terms of analyses of functional and effective connectivity. It then focused on dynamical causal modelling (DCM). The conceptual and mathematical basis of DCM are reviewed. The key advantage of DCM is that it allows for generating plausible models of neural population dynamics, and uses a biophysical forward model that describes the transformation from neural activity to hemodynamic response. A Bayesian model selection procedure is an additional benefit. Finally, notions for the usage of DCM have been described.

著者

大山 正 鳥居 修晃 佐藤 隆夫 高砂 美樹

出版者

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.152-161, 2015

著者

遠藤 光男

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.155-155, 2015-09-30 (Released:2015-12-26)

参考文献数

2

著者

遠藤 光男

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.156-161, 2015-09-30 (Released:2015-12-26)

参考文献数

37

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Our adaptive visual processes require us to quickly detect human presences in a visual scene. In this light, it is proven that faces and human body forms particularly capture our attention, which connotes the key roles these two aspects play in how we detect others. Functional neuro-imaging studies have revealed three face-selective and three body-selective regions in the human cortex. It is found that each of these body- selective areas is located in close proximity to one of the three face-selective areas respectively, and that the corresponding areas have similar functioning. Yet until quite recently, there have been but few studies that address how we detect faces or human presence against natural backgrounds. This paper reviewing studies on the earlier stages of visual processing of faces and human presence, includes proposals for further research.

著者

望月 登志子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.89-101, 1997

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鏡映像の位置を鏡面上に定位し,何の像であるかを織別する活動に関して,開眼少女MOが観察と実験場面で示した結果は次のように要約することができる.(1)自己の鏡映像に初めて対面したときのMOは,鏡そのものを漠然と見るだけこ留まり,映像の位置を定位することもできず,それを自分の映像として認識することは一層困難であった.(2)映像の位置を何とか定位できるようになった段階で,当初対象を探索した場所は鏡の表面乃至は背後の空間であり.鏡と対面する側の手前の空間に対象を探索し始めたのは後の段階であった.(3)映像を鏡の表面上に定位できるようになっても,最初はその映像の対象を自己の動きを模倣する他者であると(実在化して)捉えていた.しかし,触っても鏡面上に対象を捉えることができないことを知ったMOは,鏡の背後にそれを視・触覚的に探索することを始めた.だが,そこにも実対象を捉えることができないことを知ると,恐怖の念を示しつつも鏡の映像機能に気づき始め,それは鏡が映し出した映像であることを徐々に認めるようになった.(4)ただし,映像を見てそれが誰であるかを識別することはまだ困難であった.2年余りの間に断続的に行なわれた実験的試行を経て,自己の映像であることの認識は発生しており,他者像に比べて自己像の認識の方が若干容易である可能性が窺える.ただし自己像については,洋服の色と身体の動きとを容易に照合できることが判断を有利にしている可能性がある.とは言え,顔の形態的特徴に基づいてひとの認識がなされているわけではなく,他者の識別には,背の高さや髪の毛の長さも手がかりとして援用された.(5)MOは,鏡に映る動く対象を最初はすべて「人」として捉えていたが,「人」に限らず,鏡に対面している「事物」や「風景」なども映るという鏡の「映像機能」を理解するに至ったのは後の段階においてであった.その意味では,初期の知覚過程にとって鏡映像の認知が難しいのは必ずしも「人」を対象にした為ではないことを示唆するものである.鏡の映像機能を理解するまでには,自分が手に持っている事物もその鏡と対面する側面が映し出されるという事実や,自分の背後にあることをすでに知っている樹木やカーテンも自分とともに映っている,という現象にMOは気づいている.実験場面で得たこのような体験は,映像の実在化を否定して対象と映像を分離して捉え,映像と対象の空間的位置関係を了解することに一つの転機をもたらした.しかし,鏡映像と対象では,前後,左右関係が逆になることに気づき始めたのはさらに後の段階であった.(6)現在でほ,鏡の反射機能及び実像と映像の空間関係についてMOはある程度の理解を得たと考えられるが,鏡をモニターとして道具的に使用するまでには未だ至っていない.

著者

日本基礎心理学会

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

巻号頁・発行日

1982

著者

斎藤 慶典

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.162-174, 2013

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Although they have something to do with our consciousness or mind, brain science, psychology and phenomenology each seem to look the other way. That is their interactions and estrangements. This situation is caused by their disagreements about how to grasp the consciousness or the mind which these three disciplines concern. In other words, they must estrange one another in their interactions because of the obscurity on the nature of the mind and on the relationship which the mind bears to the things in the world. Through the clarification of these points, this essay attempts to shed a light on the relation between newly re-grasped mind and these three disciplines, and, as a result, on the relations which all three disciplines bear one another.

著者

岡田 隆

出版者

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.104-108, 2014

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The recording of field potentials in hippocampal slice preparations is widely used for the purpose of elucidating the biological basis of memory function, Since the hippocampus has a unique structure of cellular and fiber layers, not only action potentials but also postsynaptic potentials can be clearly recorded as field potentials using a glass electrode with a relatively large tip. That the mechanism of polarity of field potentials recorded from synaptic layers differs from that recorded from cell layers is explained by the concepts of current sink and source.

著者

森川 和則

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.109-111, 2014-09

著者

中村 哲之

出版者

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.96-101, 2014

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Visual illusions in animals are important to study because they magnify how the perceptual system in each animal works. This paper reviews comparative studies on visual illusions in birds (pigeons and bantam chickens) and humans. Not only similarities but also dissimilarities in the perception of illusory figures between these animals have been shown, suggesting that the same physical environments may induce different visual worlds among the species.

著者

岩田 惠理

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.92-95, 2014

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Fish is the vertebrate that first appeared on the earth. While it has been found that many fish species are highly social, their brain has less complex organization than mammals. Thus, studying social behavior in fish has a great advantage in understanding of emotion, which is common to all the vertebrates. Among all, Anemonefishes live symbiotically with sea anemones and form a social unit that consists of a breeding pair and several sexually immature individuals. The hierarchy of the social rank is strictly maintained in a group. Agonistic behaviors are observed frequently among the members of a group, which are essential for maintenance of the social structure, as well as for their sex determination. The differences in agonistic behavior according to social status were also detected directed at conspecific intruders. The aggressive behaviors were specifically directed at intruders of the same sexual status, not at those of the opposite sex. These results suggest that sexually mature resident anemonefish perceive intruders of the same sexual status as competitors for reproductive status.

著者

長谷川 良平

出版者

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.86-90, 2014

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An EEG-based brain–machine interface (BMI), "Neurocommunicator" has been developed by the authors research group in AIST in order to support communication of patients with severer motor deficits. The user can select one of registered messages in real time from electroencephalography (EEG) data and express it via his/her avatar. Integration of neuroscience and psychology will contribute to the future development, at hardware, software and service levels, of Neurocommunicator toward a commercial product.

著者

平田 豊

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.81-85, 2014-09-30 (Released:2014-11-26)

参考文献数

52

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Eye movements have been extensively studied in Neuroscience as a model system to understand neural mechanisms of motor control and learning. Further they have been examined in clinical and psychological studies since neural circuitries involved in eye movements extend to wide brain areas that are also involved in other brain functions such as attention. In this paper, I summarize recent researches in neuroscience that employ eye movements to elucidate neuronal mechanisms of motor learning. Then, an example of application of the accumulated neuroscience evidence to real world engineering problem, namely adaptive robot control, is introduced. Another application of eye movements to monitor car driver's physiological states is also summarized. By showing these recent studies on eye movements, I propose that eye movements can be one of the most attractive model systems to bridge the engineering and basic psychology in harmony.

著者

伊集院 睦雄

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.70-75, 2014-09-30 (Released:2014-11-26)

参考文献数

24

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disorder that is characterized by a slow, progressive decline in mental and social function, impairing memory, thinking, reasoning, and the ability to learn. Although there is no cure for AD, the early detection can improve symptoms and slow progression of the disease and also can give patients and their families better care and treatment options. Recently, it has become increasingly important to detect AD at an early stage due to the advent of drugs with slowing progression. Psychologists are expected to develop effective methods for screening to be more sensitive for detecting individuals in the early stages of AD. This article reviewed existing dementia screening tools and examined the roles of psychology in assessment and measurement of cognitive function.

著者

TAKESHIMA Yasuhiro GYOBA Jiro

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.19-24, 2011

被引用文献数

1

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Auditory stimuli are known to alter visual perception. However, the effects of such stimuli on velocity perception have not yet been examined. A well-known velocity illusion related to object size is described by Brown's law. We can easily match object size with sound intensity. Therefore, this study examined the potential modification of velocity perception by auditory stimuli at different sound pressure levels (SPLs). The results showed that the perceived velocity, particularly when the object size was small, diminished with a high SPL auditory stimulus. We assume two interpretations of this result. First, high intensity sounds can modify the perceived object size and alter the perceived velocity by replicating Brown's law since large objects tend to match well with high SPL sounds. Second, previous studies indicated that stimuli with strong intensities seem to have been presented for longer durations. Thus, stimulus duration may be perceived as longer when higher SPL sounds are presented simultaneously, which may cause the velocity to be perceived as being slower.