著者

池田 雅美

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.91-95, 1975 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

10

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When one refers to 1/50, 000 topographical maps of Iwate Prefecture, the names of the settlements or localities seemingly related to Gôzoku (medieval village lords) habitations can mostly be found in the southern part.Among those names, “Tate” appears most conspicuously occupying 73% of all cases, and then follow “Shiro”, “Yôgai”, “Horinouchi”, and “Minowa”, in order of percentage respectively. “Tate” is seen to distribute mainly in the southern part of Iwate Prefecture especially in the area between Senmaya and Mizusawa. “Shiro” also occupies 61% of all those found in Iwate Prefecture. As for “Yôgai” and “Minowa”, they are exclusively found in the same area and nowhere else.The reason of the above mentioned distribution can be attributed to the historical fact that Gôzoku, descendants of the lord Kiyoshige Kasai used to live and govern the area in the Middle Age.The settlements of Gôzoku, from the morphological viewpoint, can largely be seen to distribute on the alluvial lowland along the River Kitakami in numbers and also at the hills along the Kitakami adjacent to the same alluvial lowland.

著者

松原 健之助

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.190-191, 1988-08-01 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

3

著者

籠瀬 良明

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.24-33, 1978 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

1

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There are several irrigation channel patterns peculiar to Tsugaru Plain, which are classified as follows.1) Parallel channel group: Several channels run in parallel and each one flows into a group of fields.This pattern was perhaps established against heavy droughts in Edo era, whose origin is not yet certain and it has not been reported elsewhere in Japan. The peculiarity of this pattern is not recognized by local farmers.2) Passing through channel group: Several channels run long way through paddy fields of other village directly downstream.3) Channel group without distinct draining end4) Channel group without distinct nourishing origin.5) Crossing-over channel group

著者

梅林 巌 阿部 隆

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.160-170, 1981 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

著者

今野 修平

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.95-100, 1966 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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This is a report on the changes of the characteristics of the Muroran Port on the southern coast of Hokkaido.The history of the development of this port can be divided into the following four periods. The first period is the age of this port as an entry of immigrants (1872-1898). The second period is the age as a shipping port of coal (1899-.). The third period is as the domestic liner port (1907-), and the fourth period is as an international port as an iron industrial port (1950-).The total cargo of the port is 1881 million tons in 1964 ranking eleventh in Japan. The raw materials and products of the iron work (The Fuji Iron Manufacturing Co.) and some other plants associated with the iron work occupy 45% of the total cargo, and the coal for shipping is 30%.The wharfs of the port consist of the private wharfs and the public wharfs, and 91% of the total cargo is handled at the private wharfs of the Fuji Iron Manufacturing Co. Compared with the development of the other industrial ports of Japan, the rapid modernization of Muroran Port is noticeable.

著者

小長谷 一之

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.264-275, 1991-11-15 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

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近年のアメリカ都市構造に関するいくつかのデータや研究 (Pisarski, Orski, Cervero など) によれば, 1980年代が, 都市構造に大きな変化が生じた時期であったことを示す兆候がいくつも見られる。それらを総括すると, 1980年代は, 戦後の構造変容の基調をなしていた郊外化が, 決定的な段階を迎えるに至った時期であるといえる。その特徴としては, (1) オフィス (中枢管理) 部門の郊外化, および, (2) 郊外核の集積の2つが上げられよう。こうした都市構造の変化は都市交通の問題と深く関っているため, 特に都市交通地理学の分野で活発な議論がなされたきた。交通流動や都市圏の側面からニューイングランドをあつかった Plane は, 通勤流動を類型化した上で, 郊外への雇用の移転に伴い従来見られなかったような逆通勤や交差通勤が急増し, 都市構造が複雑化していることを示した。シカゴでも Sachs が, インナーシティ雇用の衰退と, 対照的な郊外核の成長の結果, 大規模な逆通勤が発生し, 交通混雑を引き起こしいることを指摘している。このように郊外雇用の中心となってきた郊外核は, Lineberger や Cervero などにより分類されその実態が把握された。その結果, (特に交通に関する) 都市問題の観点からは, 郊外核の集積度や機能混合性を高めることが重要であるとの見解が示されている。

著者

竹内 淳彦

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.193-203, 1971 (Released:2010-10-29)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 2

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The Chukyo area (Aichi and Gifu Prefectures) and The Keihin area (Tokyo, Kanagawa and Saitama Prefectures) are two major automobile producing areas in Japan. Toyota City, a small city in the Chukyo area, has developed hand in hand with the growth of the Toyota Motor Company, ranking first among the car makers in Japan, and the population of the city has been increased remarkably since about 1960. Toyota Motor Company has much effected on the municipal administration and the economic activities.Accordingly, Toyota City should be considered as one of the typical mono-industry city in Japan. Both Toyota City and Kariya City where large scale parts makers (controlled by the Toyota Co.) are located take a leading position in the automobile industry in the Chukyo area.

著者

木村 圭一

出版者

東北地理学会

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.3, pp.78-85, 1954 (Released:2010-10-29)

参考文献数

10

著者

千田 昇 松本 秀明 小原 真一

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.4, pp.232-239, 1984-11-25 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

5 7 4

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Sanriku Coast located northeastern part of Honshu-island is one of the typical “rias coast” in Japan. In this area, a small delta plains develop at each enbayment. The Rikuzentakata coastal plain, about 2km from north to south and about 2.5km from east to west, is larger one of these plains. The most part of the plain is lower than 5 meters above the sea-level. A beach ridge is recognized along the present shoreline, and a lagoonal area locates behind it. The Kesen river and the Hamada river flow on the western and eastern part of the plain, respectively (Fig. 1).The sequence of Alluvium along the shoreline is shown in Fig. 4. There are two buried valleys corresponding to each river. Excepting the Basal Gravel, which recognized on the buried valley floor about 10m in thickness, the thickness of Alluvium is about 28m. From their textural characteristics, Alluvium is devided into four layers as follows.(i) Lower Sand layer includes marine shells and shell-fragments, is considered as foreset bed sediments. Shellfragments collected at the upper part of the layer, were dated 7, 660±170 yr B. P. by radiometric method.(ii) Middle Mud layer, including a lot of marine shells, consists of silt or sandy silt. This layer is considered as bottomset bed sediments. At the period of Middle Mud sedimentation, the rate of sea-level rise had been superior to the rate of sediment supply. This period was estimated between 7, 500 and 5, 000 yr B. P.(iii) Upper Sand layer also includes shell-fragments. Sedimentary environment of this layer is considered as delta front (foreset bed). The relative rate of sediment supply during this period, exceeded the rise of sea-level gradually. In other wards, the sea-level rise became slower or nearly stable.(iv) Uppermost layer consists of fluvial deposits. At the primary time of this sedimentary period, the sea-level was slightly dropped (2m-4m) than the final sea-level which recorded at the top of Upper Sand layer (-2.7m a. s. l.). Several shallow valleys, dissected the Upper Sand layer, indicate above.From these, the Holocene sea level change curve was restored as the solid line in Fig. 7. On the other hand, annual subsidence about 0.8mm was calculated from the remeasurement of bench marks (Fig. 6) in and around the plain. If this subsidence have been assumed during Holocene, the sea-level curve would be expressed as the broken line in Fig. 7. The highest sea-level during Holocene is estimated at +1.3m a. s. l. and the age is considered about 5, 000 yr B. P.

著者

四津 隆一

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.7-12, 1960 (Released:2010-10-29)

参考文献数

2

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The forests in Northeastern Japan occupy 13.8% of the national acreage of wooded land, but in accumulation they show as high a percentage as 17.8%. In spite of such abundant holdings, their exploitation is not advanced, the amount of timber production being only 12.5% of the nation. Main reasons are (1) their inaccessibility, (2) in-convenient transportation, (3) remoteness from markets and (4) lack of local capital to exploit. Another and the major reason, however, is the fact that the forests are mainly of broad-leaved trees of low economic value. Therefore it has been encouraged to increase the forestation of coniferous trees of higher economic value. Present writer wants to add another reason to explain undevelopment of forestry in Northeastern Japan. In the feudal age, some of the more important forest areas such as that of Cryptomeria japouica in the northern part of Akita Pref., and that of Chamaecyparis obtusa in Tsugaru Peninsula had been carefully saved from the view point of resource maintenance, and the same policy has been adopted since they were annexed to the national forest in the Meiji era. As the result, cutting has been limited to an amount low enough to maintain them. In Northeastern Japan, national forests cover half of the total acreage of the region. The percentage is higher than that in any other region and this fact contributes greatly to maintain the forest resources. Viewed from economic exploitation, however, far more rational management is expected. The forests of broad-leaved trees are distributed in almost every part, but more important ones are the national forests in the interior such as Tadami and Kurikoma wood-lands. However, these resources have been regarded as valueless because most of them are superannuated. After World War II, however, they regained their economic importance as Japan lost her coniferous forest resources in her former territories, and at the same time manufacturing technique was greatly improved for the utilization of hardwoods. There is an inceasing demand for them as materials for the pulp and fiber board manufacturing industries. One cannot forget, however, that the forests in the interior are of much value not only as the sources of raw materials, but also as protection for the prevention of soil erosion and floods, and at the same time they are indispensable as the protector of water resources for hydroelectricity. Therefore, it is desirable to consider the exploitation of forest resources from many angles. Tadami and Kurikoma areas are included in the Government's multipurpose development areas, and much is expected from their exploitation.

著者

平井 幸弘

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.81-91, 1983 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

4 1

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This paper explains the formation of lacustrine and sublacustrine microforms of Lake Ogawara, one of the brackish-water lakes in Northeastern Japan, with relation to the lake-level changes after the maximum phase of Postglacial Transgression. In addition to morphological observation, surface-geological survey and bore-hole record analysis were made on land and echo sounding and sediment sampling were made at the lake bottom. Some of the sediments were analysed mineralogically.Various microforms are recognized and mapped and they are classified into the four groups, each of which was formed at the different lake level from others. Chronology of the groups is established on the basis of morphostratigraphy with the aid of tephrochronology and archeology. The results are summarized in the following table.All the microforms discussed were successively formed near the shore line which shifted corresponding to changing lake level within the height range between +4.0m and -1.5m above the present sea-level. The small difference in height causes the partial superposition of younger microforms to older ones. It contributes to the development of apparent littoral shelves which are in fact composed of several microforms of different ages in late Holocene. The fact that the littoral shelves of Japanese brackish-water lakes are wider in general than those of inland lakes will be partially explained by the processes as above.

著者

米地 文夫

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.3, pp.133-147, 1989-11-30 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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歴史時代の地形を復元するには, 地形学においては従来地質学的データに比し等閑視されがちであった絵画資料を, より活用すべきである。さきに筆者は磐梯山1888年噴火の多段階崩壊仮説を呈示したが, 本論文では絵画資料を用いてその補訂を行う。新たに得られた噴火実況スケッチは新田図と小林手書き図で, 前者は噴火の模様を描き, 小磐梯の形態と名を記入し, 頂上付近を残したまま噴煙を南東になびかせているなど, 筆者の多段階崩壊説を支持する。後者には5段階の噴火過程が描かれており, 小林印刷図や大伴図との対比により, 噴火の過程がより詳細に解明された。次に磐梯山の三つの山頂を同じ方角から描いた江戸時代後期以降の絵の形態表現の正確さを比較し, 江戸後期の真景図は部分描写に優れていることを知った。噴火で失われた小磐梯の山頂の細部は不明確であったが, 江戸後期の真景図 (遠藤香村「信遊紀行図絵」と白雲「磐城紀行図巻」) および高島北海の絵を用いて地形模型を作成し, 小磐梯山山頂にそれぞれ二つの突出部を持つ二つのピークがあったと推定した。この模型と写真との照合から, 筆者の多段階崩壊仮説, すなわち「1888年磐梯山噴火の第一段階に山腹の現銅沼付近に崩壊が発生した」という推論に, 今回さらに「ほぼ同時に山頂部の北東端のピークないしは突出部が崩壊した」という想定が付加された。

著者

籠瀬 良明

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.4, pp.159-168, 1983 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

4

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In the western part of Ibaraki prefecture, there is a slender zone of paddy fields which is located in between Mitsukaido City and Sanwa Town. It is called ‘Iinuma-Shinden’. This zone had been a shallow lake until 1725 (the 10th Year of Kyoho). The lake was reclaimed by Tokugawa Shogunate which accepted the villagers' petition of the reclamation.The writer has studied this zone, and clarified where the former lacustrine shoreline was existed (Figs. 4, 8, etc.). The data for deciding upon the shoreline are as follows; a) the large scale maps published after 1965 (Figs. 8, 9, etc.), b) the map of district baundaries of former towns and villages in this zone (Fig. 6.), and c) the old map of this zone made in 1724 (Figs. 1, 7, etc.).From these data, the writer has estimated the surface level of the former lake was 10.7 meter in height and made clear that the farmers' settlements were distributed around the paddy fields made by reclamation. Furthermore, the writer has clarified that the place of their settlements was on the topset flat of the former delta (of the “lake days”), and consisted of soft silt and sand from 20 to 40 meter thick.

著者

千葉 徳爾

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.90-94, 1969 (Released:2010-10-29)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

2 2

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There are small mounds near the lake Tashiro-ike in the Kamikochi Valley of Central Mountain National Park. These mounds, over fifty in number, scattered across the valley from west to east on the north side of the lake. Fifty years ago, late Professor K. Oseki, a pioneer of Japanese glaciology, suggested that the mounds may possibly be glacial deposit, but it had not been examined since by any student. The distribution of the mounds is shown in Fig. 2.The author made a survey of the erosion process and alluvial deposits of this valley, and observed these mounds in autumn of 1968. Fortunately, he saw some cutting places of the mounds by a newly opened path, and collected many andesite gravels which in the same facies of rocks from Yake-dake Volcano. Thus, it will be concluded that the mounds are the landforms made by a mudflow from Yake-dake Volcano, because there are no sources of andesite in this valley except this volcano. The arrangement of are the mounds and the vegetation on them are other evidences. This mudflow once would have dammed the Azusagawa making a small lake. The-remains of this geomorphic episode are found in the shape of longitudinal profile of Azusa-gawa, which is shown in Fig. 1.

著者

山中 進

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.147-155, 1979 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

15

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This report mainly concerns the progress and the background of sake breming, lumbering and wood working of Yuzawa city during the industrial revolution of Japan.The results are summarized as follows.By the opening of the Dou-line in 1905, commodity system flows which previously had depended upon the road or the river transportations were converted to the utilization of the railway.Consequently Yuzawa city changed its position as the gateway to Tokyo and the commodity system flows and the spacial mobility of population were widened. This made Yuzawa city as the center of that area. This fact means a great deal to the development of regional industry.Innai (silver mining town), which has prospered greatly since the beginning of 1700, had been breeding the regional economy of Yuzawa for last three hundred years. This prosperious regional economy has contributed a great deal to the development of sake brewing, lumbering and wood working from the beginning of the 1910's to the 1920's.The economic contribution of the landowners or the rich merchants and the political influence of the prefectural, and other local politicians, such as member of Chamber of Commerce and Industry, also revealed their efforts in the development of this area.

著者

宮川 善造

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.1-6, 1964 (Released:2010-10-29)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

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The archaeological sites of the cult of the jaguar God are found in the tropical jungles of Central America, mainly along the Atlantic coasts of Mexico and Costa Rica.Of all the sites, La Venta in Mexico is known as one of the most important ceremonial centers ; and next comes Las Mercedes in Costa Rica.In this cult, the object of worship enshrined is the figure of a jaguar or that of Warrawana, called “Warru-tiger” by the English speaking Carib tribes.In my view, the inhabitants of the jungles came to enshrine a jaguar because they wished to suppress the evil spirit of jaguar, who attacked the people and gave much damage to them. That was not because the farmers prayed to the jaguar god to decrease an extraordinarily rapid growth of vegetal life in the forests such as trees and weeds. The jaguar masks, with some 500 tons' clay over it, were excavated, giving an account of these circumstances.At the latter Formative period, the priests devised the formalities of cult, by the request of the farmers who had been cultivating in the jungles ; and thus the cult of this kind at its beginning had the closest connection with the farmers' life in jungle.La Venta, which is famous for its oldest relics (B. C. 800-400), was the cradle-land of the cult of the jaguar god, with its influence extending to the surrounding districts.Later, when the Olmec people, who inhabited in La Venta district, were obliged to leave their native land by the invasion of a highland people, some of them seemed to move to Las Mercedes, and they made this place the second largest center of the cult of the jaguar god by giving a stimulus and a modification to its aboriginal culture.

著者

東村 康文

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.95-106, 1988-05-16 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

24

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宝暦飢饉 (1755年) とその前後における夏期の気候の復元を行なった。古日記中の天候記録の広域的な分布を使って天候の推移を調べるとともに, 現在の観測資料を用いて導き出した天気分布型の出現数と気温および気圧配置型との関係を宝暦期に適用して気温および気圧配置型の推定を行なった。その結果, 以下の諸点が明らかとなった。1) 解析を行なった1751-60年は, 1755年に代表されるような冷夏・長雨という特定の気候状態だけが卓越していたわけではない。2) 1755年7月は関東以南が降雨域におおわれ, 東北地方東岸は「やませ」が吹き, 第1種型の冷夏と考えられる。3) 1755年7月の盛岡, 石巻における平均気温は1951-80年の平均気温よりも約3℃低温であった。4) 気圧配置出現率を算定したところ, 1755年7月は夏型が少なく停滞性の前線が日本列島の南岸にかかる型が多く, また, 同年8月は停滞性の前線が東北地方を横断する型が多かった。

著者

島田 周平

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.157-163, 1980 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

11

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In Nigeria, regionalism is often seen as something working against national integration, and the word ‘regionalism’ has tended to be used in a negative term to denote divisive tendancies. And this is very different from the situation in Japan where political and economic centralisation is so strong that the study of ‘regionalism’ have received considerable attention in recent years.The origin of regionalism in Nigeria dated back to the history of the establishment of the country as a political unit. In this paper, the author traced the history of the demarcation of Nigeria's international boundaries.The emergence of Nigeria as a political unit occurred in two stages. The first stage featured the establisment of the British trading posts and later protectorates along the sea coast and the River Niger. The second stage was the demarcation of boundaries between Nigeria and the neighbouring countries.During the first stage, Britain succeeded in securing economic and political interest in the Niger delta district, partly because she had established relatively strong trade relations with the people of the district, and partly because the Royal Niger Company had made treaties of protection with the people.The second stage occurred when the land boundaries were decided upon during the partition of Africa at Berlin in 1885. And in this scramble for territory, the emphasis was on effective occupation.In both stages, the question of consulting the local people never arose, and in mamy cases, the international boundaries split some ethnic groups into two different countries, or it forced peoples of different languages, different religions, and different outlook to life to amalgamate into one country. The problem of regionalism in Nigeria dates back to this forced amalgamation. However, Nigeria aims at destroying tribal based regionalism in several ways. One of which is the creation of more states.

著者

田中 艸太郎

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.167-179, 1986-09-25 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

25

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本州中部八ヶ岳連峰の森林限界について調査を行なった。八ヶ岳における森林限界は, 多くの場合亜高山性針葉樹林帯の上限付近に発達するダケカンバ林 (高木ないし亜高木) とハイマツ低木林の境界として存在する。全体としてみれば, これらの植生は垂直的な帯状分布をなし, 森林限界は標高2,500~2,650mに位置する。このような垂直分布から見れば, 森林限界が形成される要因は, 高度による温度条件の差が第一義的であると考えられる。しかし, 森林限界付近においてダケカンバ林とハイマツ低木林の分布は, 谷すじや尾根といった地形との対応関係が深い。そのため森林限界の位置も高度的に変化することが認められる。本研究では, 地形と森林限界を構成する植生の分布との関係を明らかにした。その結果次のことがわかった。1) 森林限界付近においてダケカンバ林は, 比較的積雪の多い谷すじの斜面や, 急傾斜地に分布する。2) それに対し, ハイマツ低木林は, 比較的風衝の強い尾根上や, 乾性な岩塊斜面に分布する。3) そのため, 森林限界の位置は, 尾根上よりも谷すじの斜面で高くなる。また冬期の卓越風に面する西向きの斜面よりも東向きの斜面での森林限界が高い。その高度差は100mにもおよぶ。

著者

葛西 大和

出版者

東北地理学会

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.204-212, 1971

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筆者は, 市乳市場から遠隔の地にあって, 低い乳価を強いられる十勝平野の酪農について, その存立基盤, 競合作物との関連による立地, 酪農の発展を支えてきた基本的な要因について考察した。<BR>1 農業経営の分析の結果, 地域的にみれば, 酪農は畑作物に従属的な十勝平野中央部と, 専業的酪農家の成長している十勝平野周辺部に区別される。<BR>2 畑作物と牛乳生産の土地生産性の比較や豆類の投機性, 経営規模の大きさなどを考慮すると, 平年作の時には畑作物が相対的に有利といえるが, 労働生産性や寒冷地という条件を考慮すると牛乳生産の収益性は畑作物の収益性に劣るものではない。<BR>3 従って周辺部の山麓や沿岸部の方が自然条件の影響をより強く受けて, 畑作経営上は不利であり, 相対的に酪農に重点があるといえる。乳価の地域差が小さい十勝では, 周辺部の酪農の地位が重要になっていくと予想される。<BR>4 酪農経営の分析に, 牛乳生産費調査の結果を合わせて考えると, 十勝の酪農生産の発展を支えてきた基本的な要因は「乳価の上昇」と「経営農地の広さ」に帰せられる。